Abyssomedon

Abyssomedon Temporal range: Early Permian, Kungurian PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	†Parareptilia
Order:	†Procolophonomorpha
Family:	†Nyctiphruretidae
Genus:	†Abyssomedon MacDougall & Reisz, 2014
Type species
†Abyssomedon williamsi MacDougall & Reisz, 2014

Abyssomedon (meaning "Guardian of the Abyss") is an extinct genus of a nyctiphruretid parareptile known from the late Early Permian (Kungurian age) Garber Formation of Comanche County, Oklahoma, south-central USA. It contains a single species, Abyssomedon williamsi, which represents the third known nyctiphruretid species, the oldest species of the family and the first to be discovered in North America.^[1]

Discovery

Abyssomedon is known solely from the holotype BMRP 2008 33a, a partial skeleton housed at the Burpee Museum of Natural History at Rockford, Illinois, and contains a semi-articulated partial skull and disarticulated but associated postcranial remains. BMRP 2008 33a was discovered in 2008 at the claystone and conglomerate Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (OMNH) Locality V51, at Dolese Brothers limestone quarry of Richards Spur, Fissure Fills, just west of U.S. Highways 62 & 281, 10.5 miles south of Apache and 6 miles north of Fort Sill, of Comanche County, Oklahoma. It was collected from the Garber Formation (also known as the Willington Formation) of Summer Group, Arbuckle limestone, which is probably equivalent to the Arroyo Formation of Texas, dating to the middle Leonardian stage, of the upper Rotliegend epoch, Early Permian, about 275 million years ago. The Richards Spur locality presents a very rich Early Permian vertebrate paleofauna, including species of chondrichthyes, Lepospondyli, seymouriamorphs, basal synapsids, basal eureptiles and seven species of parareptiles apart from Abyssomedon, including the basal Microleter mckinzieorum, the bolosaurid Bolosaurus grandis, and the lanthanosuchoids Colobomycter pholeter, Delorhynchus priscus, Delorhynchus cifellii, Feeserpeton oklahomensis, and an unnamed new species of Acleistorhinidae.^[1]

Etymology

Abyssomedon was first described and named by Mark J. MacDougall and Robert R. Reisz in 2014 and the type species is Abyssomedon williamsi. The generic name is derived from Greek Abyssos, meaning "deep pit", and -medon, meaning "guardian", in reference to the caves in which the only known specimen was preserved and would have lived around. The specific name williamsi honor the collector of the holotype Mr. Scott Williams, a paleontologist at the Burpee Museum.^[1]

Phylogeny

The following cladogram is simplified after the phylogenetic analysis of MacDougall and Reisz (2014) and shows the placement of Abyssomedon within Parareptilia. Relationships within bolded clades are not shown.^[1]

Parareptilia

Mesosaurus Millerosauria Procolophonomorpha Australothyris smithi Hallucicrania (=Ankyramorpha) Lanthanosuchoidea Feeserpeton oklahomensis Colobomycter pholeter Delorhynchus cifellii Acleistorhinus pteroticus Lanthanosuchus watsoni Microleter mckinzieorum Bolosauridae Belebey chengi Eudibamus cursoris Procolophonia Pareiasauromorpha Nycteroleteridae Pareiasauria Nyctiphruretidae Abyssomedon williamsi Nyctiphruretus acudens Procolophonoidea Owenettidae Procolophonidae

References

1. Mark J. MacDougall and Robert R. Reisz (2014). "The first record of a nyctiphruretid parareptile from the Early Permian of North America, with a discussion of parareptilian temporal fenestration". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172 (3): 616–630. doi:10.1111/zoj.12180.