Kungurian

System/ Period	Series/ Epoch	Stage/ Age	Age (Ma)
Triassic	Lower/ Early	Induan	younger
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	252.2–254.1
		Wuchiapingian	254.1–259.8
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.8–265.1
		Wordian	265.1–268.8
		Roadian	268.8–272.3
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	272.3–283.5
		Artinskian	283.5–290.1
		Sakmarian	290.1–295.0
		Asselian	295.0–298.9
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	older
Subdivision of the Permian system according to the ICS (Geologic Time Scale 2013).[1]

In the geologic timescale, the Kungurian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is the latest or upper of four subdivisions of the Cisuralian epoch or series. The Kungurian lasted between 283.5 ± 0.6 and 272.3 ± 0.5 million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Artinskian and followed by the Roadian.^[2] It corresponds roughly to the Leonardian stage, covering the span from 280 to 270.6 ± 0.7 Ma in the North American system.^[3]

Stratigraphy

The Kungurian is named after the Russian city of Kungur in the vicinity of Perm. The stage was introduced into scientific literature by Russian geologist Alexandr Antonovich Stukenberg (Alexander Stuckenberg) in 1890.^[4]

The base of the Kungurian stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of conodont species Neostreptognathodus pnevi and Neostreptognathodus exculptus first appear. As of 2009, there was no agreement yet on a global reference profile (a GSSP) for the base of the Kungurian. The top of the Kungurian (the base of the Roadian and the Guadalupian series) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of conodont species Jinogondolella nanginkensis first appear.

The Kungurian contains three conodont biozones:

• zone of Neostreptognathodus sulcoplicatus
• zone of Neostreptognathodus prayi
• zone of Neostreptognathodus pnevi

References

Notes

1. "Chronostratigraphic chart 2013". ICS. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
2. See Gradstein et al. (2004) for a detailed geologic timescale
3. Rohde, Robert A. "Leonardian North American Stage". GeoWhen Database. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
4. See for a historic overview Chuvashov et al. (2002)

Literature

• Chuvashov, B.I.; Chernykh, V.V.; Leven, E.Y.; Davydov, V.I.; Bowring, S.A.; Ramezani, J.; Glenister, B.F.; Henderson, C.M.; Schiappa, T.A.; Northrup, C.J.; Snyder, W.S.; Spinosa, C. & Wardlaw, B.R.; 2002: Progress report on the base of the Artinskian and base of the Kungurian by the Cisuralian Working Group, Permophiles 41: pp 13–16.
• Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press

External links

• GeoWhen Database - Kungurian
• Upper Paleozoic stratigraphic chart at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS

Preceded by Proterozoic Eon	Phanerozoic Eon
	Paleozoic Era						Mesozoic Era			Cenozoic Era
	Cambrian	Ordovician	Silurian	Devonian	Carboniferous	Permian	Triassic	Jurassic	Cretaceous	Paleogene	Neogene	4ry