Agam Kuan

Agam Kuan
अगमकुआ
Archaeological

Agam Kuan
Agam Kuan

Location in Patna, India

Coordinates: 25°35′53″N 85°11′48″E / 25.59806°N 85.19667°E / 25.59806; 85.19667Coordinates: 25°35′53″N 85°11′48″E / 25.59806°N 85.19667°E / 25.59806; 85.19667
Country India
State Bihar
Metro Patna
Government
 • Body Patna Municipal Corporation
Languages
 • Official Hindi
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 800007

Agam Kuan (Hindi: अगम कुआं ,"unfathomable well") is an ancient well and archaeological site in Patna, India. It is said to date back to the period of Mauryan emperor, Ashoka (304–232 BCE). Circular in shape, the well is lined with brick in the upper 13 metres (43 ft) and contains wooden rings in the remaining 19 metres (62 ft).

The Agam Kuan is set within an archaeological site identified by the Archaeological Survey of India which also contains the adjacent Shitala Devi temple where the folk deity Shitala Devi is venerated. Inside this temple, the pindas of the Saptamatrikas (the seven mother goddesses) are worshipped. The temple is widely revered for its belief in curing smallpox and chicken pox.

Location

Agam Kuan is situated close to the Gulzarbagh railway station,[1] on the way to Panch Pahadi, on the outskirts of Patna, Bihar state. It is east of Patna and south-west of Gulzarbagh Station.[2] India

History and legend

During the 1890s, the British explorer, Laurence Waddell, while exploring the ruins of Pataliputra, identified Agam Kuan as the legendary well built by Ashoka for the purpose of torture before he embraced Buddhism,[3] as part of Ashoka's Hell chambers.[4] The torture practice was also reported by Chinese travellers (most probably Fa Hien) of the 5th and 7th centuries A.D.[1] The well is stated to have been used to torture convicts by throwing them into the fire that used to emanate from the well. Ashoka's Edict no. VIII makes mention of this well, which was also known as "fiery well" or "hell on earth".[3] Another popular legend states that this was the well where Ashoka threw 99 of his elder half-brother's heads and put the heads in the well to obtain the throne of the Mauryan Empire.[1]

According to a myth, the well has a subterranean link with the Patala (netherworld) or hell; this was inferred on the basis that a saint found a heavy log in the well which was supposed to have been lost in the sea. Another geo-hydrological link suggested that Agam Kuan is connected to the Ganges river.[2][5] [6] The site is also connected with several Jain legends, the most notable of them being that of a Jain monk, Sudarshana, who, when thrown into the well by a king named Chand, floated to the surface and was found seated on a lotus.[1]

Visitors throw coins into Agam Kuan,[7] as it is still considered auspicious. It is used for many religious ceremonies, especially Hindu weddings.[1] Although it is venerated, the well waters are not consumed.[2] Offerings of flowers and coins are thrown into the well usually during summer months as the well's history is linked to "heat and hell". Dating to Mohammedan rule, the Mughal officials offered coins of gold and silver to Agam Kuan.[8]

Features

The structure is 105 feet (32 m) deep, circular in plan, with a diameter extending over 4.5 metres (15 ft). It is brick-encased in the upper half to a depth of 44 feet (13 m) while the lower 61 feet (19 m) are secured by a series of wooden rings. Covered with moss, the surface structure, which now covers the well and forms its most distinctive feature, has eight arched windows.[1] The well was refurbished during the reign of Emperor Akbar and a roofed structure was built around the well.[9] This circular structure has been fitted with eight windows which are well placed.[10]

Grounds

The Shitala Devi temple

In addition to the Agam Kuan, the archaeological site features a temple, as well as several ancient and medieval sculptures. The Shitala Devi temple is adjacent to the well, and is dedicated to Shitala Devi, which houses the pindas of the Saptamatrikas (the seven mother goddesses). The temple is widely venerated for its belief in curing smallpox and chicken pox, and it is also visited by devotees for wish fulfillment.[1][11] The temple's female priest is an uncommon practice.[8]

A statue of Yaksha of the Mauryan art period stands guard outside the temple. It was described earlier by Alexander Cunningham when he visited the site in 1879–80.[12] This artifact is not traceable in the present day.[1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Agam Kuan". Directorate of Archaeology, Government of Bihar, official website.
  2. 1 2 3 "The Explorations and Excavations at Patna: Agamkuan, Khaaunia & Stone Trough". National Informatics Centre.
  3. 1 2 Vishnu 1993, p. 173.
  4. ↑ Kapoor 2002, p. 4741.
  5. ↑ Sinha 1999, p. 34-35, 59.
  6. ↑ O’Brien, p. 17.
  7. ↑ Sinha 1999, p. 59.
  8. 1 2 Sinha 1999, p. 34-35.
  9. ↑ Allen 2012, p. 141.
  10. ↑ "Brief description of important archaeological sites/monuments among protected ones:Agam Kuan, Patna". Directorate of Archaeology, Government of Bihar.
  11. ↑ O'Malley 1924, p. 193.
  12. ↑ British Library "A. Cunningham (Alexander Cunningham) wrote (after his 1879-80 tour), 'When I saw the two statues in the New Indian Museum at Calcutta, I then remembered that a broken statue of a similar kind was still standing at Agam Kua, just outside the city of Patna, adorned with a new head and a pair of roughly marked breasts, so as to do duty for the great goddess Mata-Mai...The Agam Kua is a very large and very old brick well...The broken figure is said to have been found in this well, and it seems probable therefore that the two statues were also found either at or near the same place."

Bibliography

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