Isawiya

Al-Issawiya viewed from Mt. Scopus

Al-Issawiya (Arabic: العيساوية‎)[1] is an urban, Arab neighborhood in Jerusalem. Located on Mount Scopus near Hadassah Medical Center, it formed part of an Israeli enclave between 1949-1967.[2]

History

A burial cave, with pottery dating to the Early Roman period (first century CE), have been found at Isawiya.[3]

Ottoman era

Isawiya, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the 1560s the revenues of al-Isawiya were designated for the waqf of Hasseki Sultan Imaret in Jerusalem, established by Hasseki Hurrem Sultan (Roxelana), wife of Suleiman the Magnificent.[4] In the 1596 tax registers it appeared as Isawiyya, in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds, with a population of 35 households and 3 bachelors, all Muslim. Taxes were paid for wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and beehives.[5]

In 1838 it was noted as "a small village".[6] In 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described El Aisawiyeh as a "small village on the eastern slope of the chain of Olivet, with a spring to the south and a few olives round it."[7]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, 'Isawiyeh had a population of 333, all Muslims,[8] increasing in the 1931 census to a population of 558, 7 Christians and the rest Muslim, occupying 117 houses.[9]

In 1945 the population of Isawiya was 730, all Arabs, who owned 10,108 dunams of land while 235 dunams had Jewish owners, according to an official land and population survey.[10] 3,291 dunams were used for cereals,[11] while 47 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[12]

Post-1948

The Mount Scopus Agreement signed on July 7, 1948 regulated the demilitarised zone and authorized the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization to settle disputes between Israel and Jordan. One area of conflict involved two Jewish-owned plots in Issawiya, known as Gan Shlomit or Salomons Garden, which were purchased by V.F. Salomons in 1934 and sold to the Gan Shlomit Company, Ltd. in 1937.[13]

In 1964, Issawiya had a population of 1,300. It was located at this time within the Mount Scopus demilitarized zone, an unsupervised demilitarized zone between Jordan and Israel,[14]

Issawiya is located at the foot of French Hill, northwest of the road to Ma'aleh Adumim.[15] Under the jurisdiction of the Jerusalem Municipality, its citizens are considered permanent residents of the city, entitled to live and work in Israel without special permits. As permanent residents, they are also entitled to social benefits provided by Bituah Leumi (Israeli National Insurance Institute) and Israeli health insurance.[16]

Land registry

Under Jordanian rule, land in Issawiya was registered under the owner's name, but registration stopped in 1967. Residents who apply for building permits are frequently turned down because ownership cannot be proven. Another problem is that land may belong to as many as ten clans. The land would need to be unified and then divided up between all residents who claim ownership.

Education

According to the local mukhtar, 800 students in al-Issawiya lacks classrooms. This has caused strikes among the students and protests among community leaders and parents. According to the Association for Civil Rights in Israel the difference in schooling-standard between East and West Jerusalem is "staggering".[17] A girls' school in al-Issawiya is one of five elementary schools in the Jerusalem area that teach philosophy to third-graders as part of a program operating in 70 countries.[18] A project sponsored by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem coordinates educational work with youth in Issawiya. Palestinian-Israeli students at the university undergo a training seminar that provides them with the requisite teaching and facilitation skills.[19]

Economy

Some residents of the neighborhood work at Hadassah Medical Center, located on a hill overlooking the neighborhood.[16]

Sports

In 2005, the Peres Center for Peace inaugurated a synthetic turf soccer field in Issawiya as part of the Twinned Peace Soccer School project.[20] The soccer field was a priority in 1993 during Teddy Kollek's election year and had been allocated funding at the time, but was finally built with South Korean funding.[21]

References

  1. ↑ Meaning "The place or sect of Jesus", according to Palmer, 1881, p. 283
  2. ↑ The Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations, 1999-2001, pg. 153.
  3. ↑ ‘Adawi and Abu Raya, 2005, Jerusalem, ‘Issawiya, Final Report
  4. ↑ Singer, 2002, p. 126.
  5. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 122.
  6. ↑ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. 198
  7. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 27
  8. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 14
  9. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 40
  10. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 57
  11. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 102
  12. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 152
  13. ↑ Unispal.un.orgUnispal.un.org Report of the Firing Incident of May 26, 1958 on Mount Scopus UN Doc S/4030 17 June 1958
  14. ↑ "In No Man's Land", Newsweek, Volume 64, Part 2, p.52
  15. ↑ Jerusalem Municipality advancing plan to build 1,900 apartments for Arabs
  16. 1 2 Bridge Over Troubled Land
  17. ↑ Isawiya students strike over classroom deficit, 08/30/2012 Jerusalem Post
  18. ↑ Ha'aretz pdf article Archived March 5, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  19. ↑ Campus-Community Partnership
  20. ↑ Peres Center opens Issawiya soccer field YNet News.
  21. ↑ Amir S. Cheshin, Bill Hutman, AVI Melamed (2001) Separate and Unequal: The Inside Story of Israeli Rule in East Jerusalem Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-00553-8 p.73

Bibliography

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External links

Coordinates: 31°47′55″N 35°14′54″E / 31.79861°N 35.24833°E / 31.79861; 35.24833

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