Albert Boni

Albert Boni (29 October 1892, New York City – 31 July 1981, Ormond Beach, Florida) was co-founder of the publishing company Boni & Liveright and a pioneering publisher in paperbacks and book clubs.^[1]

Albert Boni
Born	29 October 1892 New York City, New York, United States
Died	31 July 1981 (aged 88) Ormond Beach, Florida
Education	Harvard (1 year), Cornell (2 years)
Occupation	Book Publisher
Years active	1912-1974
Notable work	Microprinting
Home town	Newark, New Jersey
Spouse(s)	Nell, of Ormond Beach, Fla
Children	William, of Carmel, N.Y., and three daughters, Karin Fisher of St. Paul, Minn., Mariette Bock of Chester, Vt., and Nell Hughes of Rochelle Park, N. J.[1]
Relatives	Brother, John L. Boni (1924 - 2013), Frank (Shirley) Boni of Allegany, 3 sisters[2]

Biography

Born in 1892 to a Jewish family in New York City, Albert Boni moved, at an early age, with his family to Newark and completed his secondary school education there. He completed two years of college at Cornell University and one year at Harvard University. Instead of starting his senior year at Harvard, Boni convinced his father to finance the establishment (originally at 95 Fifth Avenue^[3] and then at 135 MacDougal Street) of the Washington Square Bookshop^[4] with Albert's brother Charles as a partner. The Boni brothers' book store became a meeting place for leftist, Greenwich Village writers and intellectuals. The Boni brothers, with two other partners, created the Little Leather Library of pocket-sized editions of literary classics bound in imitation leather. These editions were hugely successful — the Woolworth stores sold a million copies in one year. In 1913–1914 the Boni brothers published the short-lived literary magazine The Glebe. In 1914, Albert Boni, with Lawrence Langner and others, founded the Washington Square Players.^[1] In 1915 the Boni brothers sold the Washington Square Bookshop to Frank Shay.^[5]

In 1917 Albert Boni married Cornelia 'Nell' van Leeuwen, a widow with a young son, adopted by Albert Boni upon the marriage.^[6] With financial backing from Horace Liveright's father-in-law, paper executive Herman Elsas, the two partners Albert Boni and Horace Liveright incorporated the publishing house Boni & Liveright on February 16, 1917. Boni & Liveright founded the Modern Library (originally called Modern Library of the World's Best Classics), which was eventually acquired by Random House. The Modern Library was financed by $25,000 from Felix M. Warburg and the Boni brothers' uncle Thomas Seltzer.^[3] A year and a half after incorporating, Albert Boni sold his interest in Boni & Liveright to Horace Liveright in 1919. However, the name of the firm remained "Boni & Liveright" until 1928, when the name of the publishing house was changed to "Horace Liveright, Inc."

In 1923 the Boni brothers purchased the publishing company Lieber & Lewis and renamed it the "Albert and Charles Boni Publishing Company." In 1929 the Boni brothers created Boni Paper Books, which offered one soft-cover book per month for 12 months for a yearly subscription price of $5. Boni Paper Books failed during the Great Depression. In 1939 Albert Boni founded the Readex Microprint Corporation, a microfilm publisher of reference materials. When Albert Boni retired in 1974 his only son, William, took over as president of Readex.^[6] Albert Boni died in Florida in 1981 and was survived by his wife, his son, and three daughters.^[1]

Microprint

While microphotography preceds microprint, microprint was conceived by Albert Boni in 1934 when he was inspired by his friend, writer and editor Manuel Komroff who was showing his experimentation's related to the enlarging of photographs. It occurred to Albert that if he could reduce rather than enlarge photographs this technology may enable publication companies and libraries to access much greater quantities of data at a minimum cost of material and storage space. Over the following decade, Boni worked to develop microprint, a micro-opaque process in which pages were photographed using 35mm microfilm and printed on cards using offset lithography.U.S. Patent 2,260,551AU.S. Patent 2,260,552A This process proved to produce a 6" by 9" index card which stored 100 pages of text from the normal sized publications he was reproducing. Boni began the Readex Microprint company to produce and license this technology. He also published an article A Guide to the Literature of Photography and Related Subjects (1943) which appeared in a supplemental 18th issue of the Photo-Lab Index.^{[7][8][9][10]}

References

1. Mitgang, Herbert (1981-08-01). "Albert Boni, Publisher, Dies; Founder of Boni & Liveright". NY Times.
2. "John L. Boni (1924 - 2013) Obituary".
3. Imholtz, Jr, August (2006). "Albert Boni: A Sketch of a Life in Micro-Opaque" (PDF). American Antiquarian Society.
4. "..regarding the historic significance of 133–139 MacDougal St" (PDF). Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation. May 2008.
5. The Shop: The Greenwich Village Bookshop Door, Harry Ransom Center, U. of Texas at Austin
6. Albert Boni: An Inventor of His Readex Microprint Corporation Collection at the Harry Ransom Center
7. Metcalf, K. D. (1945-03-01). "The Promise of Microprint: A Symposium Based on The Scholar and the Future of the Research Library" (PDF). College & Research Libraries (Association of College and Research Libraries. American Library Association) 6 (2): 170–183. doi:10.5860/crl_06_02_170. ISSN 2150-6701. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-10. Retrieved 2015-10-08.
8. Erickson, Edgar L (March 1951). "Microprint: A Revolution in Printing". Journal of Documentation (MCB UP Ltd) 7 (3): 184–187. doi:10.1108/eb026173. ISSN 0022-0418. Retrieved 8 October 2015.(subscription required)
9. Boni, Albert (Summer 1951). "Microprint" (PDF). American Documentation: 150. Retrieved 2015-10-08.
10. Raney, M. Llewellyn (April 1940). "The Minicam turns scholar" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of Speech (The University of Chicago) 26 (2): 180–186. doi:10.1080/00335634009380548.