Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

For other people of the same name, see Albert of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
Albert I the Tall
Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Albert I, lithograph, 1840
Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Reign 1269 – 15 August 1279
Spouse(s) Elizabeth of Brabant
Adelheid of Montferrat
Noble family House of Welf
Father Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Mother Matilda of Brandenburg
Born 1236
Died 15 August 1279
Buried Brunswick Cathedral

Albert the Tall (Latin: Albertus Longus, German: Albrecht der Große; 1236 – 15 August 1279), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1252 and the first ruler of the newly created Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1269 until his death.

Life

Albert was the oldest surviving son of the first Brunswick duke Otto the Child and his wife, Matilda of Brandenburg. When his father died in 1252, he took over the rule of the duchy; later his younger brother John joined him.

Albert's rule was initially troubled by several armed conflicts as the Welf dukes still had to cope with the followers of the extinct Hohenstaufen dynasty within their dominions. In 1260/61 Albert's troops fought against the Danish duke Eric I of Schleswig on behalf of Queen Margaret Sambiria and her minor son King Eric V of Denmark. In 1263 the duke quite luckless interfered in the War of the Thuringian Succession to support the claims raised by his mother-in-law Sophie of Brabant.

On 31 May 1267, the brothers agreed to divide the Welf lands, which happened in 1269. Albert partitioned the territory while John obtained the right to choose his part. He took the northern half including the region of Lüneburg, Celle and the city of Hanover, while Albert received the southern part around the cities of Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel, stretching from the area around the Calenberg hill to the town of Helmstedt, the Harz mountain range, and Göttingen. The Brunswick residence itself was to remain common property of the brothers.

Albert then concentrated on the development of his hereditary lands. During the Imperial interregnum, he sided with the rising Bohemian king Ottokar II until his final defeat in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. When his brother John died in 1277, he took over the guardianship for his minor nephew Otto II of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Albert died on 15 August 1279 and is buried at Brunswick Cathedral. He was succeeded by his elder three sons, the younger three joined the Church.

Marriage and children

In 1254, Albert married Elizabeth of Brabant (1243 – October 9, 1261), daughter of Duke Henry II of Brabant and Sophie of Thuringia. They had no children [1]

After Elizabeth's death in 1261, Henry married Adelheid (Alessia) (1242 – February 6, 1284/85), daughter of Margrave Boniface II of Montferrat around 1263. Once widowed she married Gerhard I, Count of Holstein-Itzehoe. Albert and Adelheid had the following children:

Ancestry

References

  1. ↑ Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 26.
Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Cadet branch of the House of Este
Born: 1236 Died: 15 August 1279
German nobility
Preceded by
Otto I		 Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
jointly with John
1252–1269 		Partitioning among the rulers
Principality of Wolfenbüttel partitioned from the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1269–1277 		Succeeded by
Henry I, Albert II, and William I
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