Albert III, Duke of Saxony

Albert III
Duke of Saxony
Reign	7 September 1464 – 12 September 1500
Predecessor	Frederick II
Successor	George
Margrave of Meissen
Reign	7 September 1464 – 12 September 1500
Predecessor	Frederick VI
Successor	George II
Born	27 January 1443 Grimma
Died	12 September 1500 Emden
Burial	Meissen
Spouse	Sidonie Podiebrad of Bohemia
Issue	Catherine, Archduchess of Austria George, Duke of Saxony Henry IV, Duke of Saxony Frederick, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
House	House of Wettin
Father	Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
Mother	Margaret of Austria
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Albert III (German: Albrecht) (27 January 1443 – 12 September 1500) was a Duke of Saxony. He was nicknamed Albert the Bold or Albert the Courageous and founded the Albertine line of the House of Wettin.

Biography

Ernest, Elector of Saxony (1464–1486), Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (1428–1464) and Albert III, Duke of Saxony (1486–1500); from left to right, Fürstenzug, Dresden, Germany

Albert was born in Grimma as the third and youngest son (but fifth child in order of birth) of Frederick II the Gentle, Elector of Saxony, and Margarete of Austria, sister of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor. Later, he was a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

After escaping from the hands of Kunz von Kaufungen, who had abducted him together with his brother Ernest, he spent some time at the court of the emperor Frederick III in Vienna.^[1]

In Eger (Cheb) on 11 November 1464 Albert married Zdenka (Sidonie), daughter of George of Podebrady, King of Bohemia; but failed to obtain the Bohemian Crown on the death of George in 1471. After the death of his father in 1464, Albert and Ernest ruled their lands together, but in 1485 a division was made by the Treaty of Leipzig, and Albert received the Meissen, together with some adjoining districts, and founded the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin.^[1]

Regarded as a capable soldier by the emperor, Albert (in 1475) took a prominent part in the campaign against Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, and in 1487 led an expedition against Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, which failed owing to lack of support on the part of the emperor.^[1]

In 1488 he was appointed Governor of the Netherlands (until 1493) and marched with the imperial forces to free the Roman king Maximilian from his imprisonment at Bruges, and when, in 1489, the King returned to Germany, Albert was left as his representative to prosecute the war against the rebels. He was successful in restoring the authority of Maximilian in Holland, Flanders, and Brabant, but failed to obtain any repayment of the large sums of money which he had spent in these campaigns.^[1]

His services were rewarded in 1498 when Maximilian bestowed upon him the title of Hereditary Governor (potestat) of Friesland, but he had to make good his claim by force of arms. He had to a great extent succeeded, and was paying a visit to Saxony, when he was recalled by news of a fresh rising. Groningen was captured, but soon afterwards the duke died at Emden. He was buried at Meissen.^[1]

Albert, who was a man of great strength and considerable skill in feats of arms, delighted in tournaments and knightly exercises. His loyalty to the emperor Frederick, and the expenses incurred in this connection, aroused some irritation among his subjects, but his rule was a period of prosperity in Saxony.^[1]

Family and children

With his wife Sidonie, Albrecht had nine children:

1. Katharina (b. Meissen, 24 July 1468 – d. Göttingen, 10 February 1524), married firstly on 24 February 1484 in Innsbruck to Duke Sigismund of Austria, and secondly on 1497 to Duke Eric I of Brunswick-Calenberg.
2. Georg "der Bärtige" (b. Meissen, 27 August 1471 – d. Dresden, 17 April 1539).
3. Heinrich V "der Fromme" (b. Dresden, 16 March 1473 – d. Dresden, 18 August 1541).
4. Frederick (b. Torgau, 26 October 1474 – d. Rochlitz, 14 December 1510), Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
5. Anna (b. Dresden, 3 August 1478 – d. Dresden, 1479).
6. Stillborn child (1479).
7. Louis (b. Torgau, 28 September 1481 – d. Torgau?, some days later / d. Torgau?, young after 1498) [?].
8. John (b. and d. Torgau, 24 June 1484).
9. John (b. Torgau, 2 December 1498 – d. Torgau?, some days later / d. Torgau?, young in September of the same year as his brother Louis) [?].^[2]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Albert III, Duke of Saxony

16. Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen               8. Frederick III, Landgrave of Thuringia                       17. Mathilde of Bavaria               4. Frederick I, Elector of Saxony                             18. Heinrich IV of Henneberg-Schleusingen               9. Catherine of Henneberg-Schleusingen                       19. Judith of Brandenburg-Salzwedel               2. Frederick II, Elector of Saxony                                   20. Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg               10. Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg                       21. Catherine of Anhalt-Bernburg               5. Catherine of Brunswick                             22. Wartislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania               11. Sofie of Pomerania-Wolgast                       23. Anna of Mecklenburg-Stargard               1. Albert III, Duke of Saxony                                         24. Albert II, Duke of Austria               12. Leopold III, Duke of Austria                       25. Johanna of Pfirt               6. Ernest, Duke of Austria                             26. Bernabò Visconti, Lord of Milan               13. Viridis Visconti                       27. Beatrice Regina della Scala               3. Margaret of Austria                                   28. Siemowit III of Masovia               14. Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia                       29. Euphemia of Silesia-Opava               7. Cymburgis of Masovia                             30. Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania               15. Alexandra of Lithuania                       31. Uliana Alexandrovna of Tver

References

1.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Albert III.". Encyclopædia Britannica 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 497–498.
2. Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan