Alids

The Alids are the dynasties descended from Ali ibn Abi Talib, son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (see Family tree of Muhammad and Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali). Shia Muslims consider him the First Imam appointed by Muhammad and the first rightful caliph.

Lines of Descent

Sharif Hussein, Sharif, Kings, Khalifa is Hejaz and Haram El-Sharif' & Father Abdullah I of Jordan, Founder Kings of Jordan; Faisal I of Iraq, Kings of Iraq. Sharif Hussein is the Hashemite and Alids from Hassan Al-Mujtaba.

Simplified Alid Interrelationships as presented in Burke's Peerage

Primarily Sunnis in the Arab world reserve the term sharif or "sherif" for descendants of Hasan ibn Ali, while sayyid is used for descendants of Husayn ibn Ali. Both Hasan and Husayn are grandchildren of Prophet Muhammad, through the marriage of his cousin Ali and his daughter Fatima. However ever since the post-Hashemite era began, the term sayyid has been used to denote descendants from both Hasan and Husayn. Arab Shiites use the terms sayyid and habib to denote descendants from both Hasan and Husayn; see also ashraf.

To try to resolve the confusion surrounding the descendants of Muhammad, the Ottoman Caliphs during the 19th Century C.E. attempted to replicate the Almanach de Gotha (the tome listing the Noble houses of Europe) to show known and verifiable lines of descent. Although not 100% complete in its scope (some lines might have been excluded due to lack of proof, although no false lines are included) the resulting "Kitab al-Ashraf" (Book of the Sharifs), kept at the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul is one of the best sources of evidence of descent from Muhammad.

There are several dynasties of Alid origin:

• The Zaydid dynasty of Tabaristan are descents of Ali ibn Abi Talib. His son, Hasan ibn Ali, has a son named Zaid who gave name to the dynasty. Hasan ibn Zayd was the son of Zayd who gave origin to the Zaydids in Tabaristan (Alavids).
• The Ukhaydhirite dynasty which ruled Najd in central Arabia from 862 C.E. till the mid-11th century traced its lineage to Ali through his son Al-Hassan.
• The Sulaymanid dynasty of Yemen has origin in Hasan ibn Hasan, brother of Zayd ibn Hasan (see Zaydid dynasty above). Hasan had a son named Daud ibn Hasan, who was Sulayman ibn Daud's father, who the dynasty is named after.
• The Alid dynasty of Yemen originated with Hasan ibn Hasan, brother of Zayd ibn Hasan (see Zaydid dynasty above). Hasan had a son named Ibrahim ibn Hasan, that had a son called Ismail ibn Ibrahim, father of Ibrahim Tabataba ibn Ismail. Tabataba was father of Kassim al Rassi, originally of the dynasty Rassid of the Imams of Yemen.
• The Alid Dynasty of the Isaaq clan or Banu Isaaq clan of Somalia, who are descended from Ali through their ancestor Isaaq ibn Ahmad al Hashimi. Today, the Isaaq clan form the majority of the northern territory of Somaliland.
• The Alid dynasty of Sharifs of Sousse (Tunisia) originated with Hasan ibn Hasan, brother of Zayd ibn Hasan (see Zaydid dynasty above). Hasan had a son named Abdallah ibn Hasan, who had a son called Djafar ibn Abdallah. This Djafar ibn Abdallah, grandson of Hasan ibn Hasan, began this dynasty.
• The Alid dynasty of Sharifs of Morocco (the Alaouite dynasty ^[1]) began also with Hassan ibn Hassan, brother of Zayd ibn Hasan. Its first member was Muhammad ibn Abdallah, brother of Djafar ibn Abdallah (see above).
• The founder of the Idrisid dynasty of Morocco was Idris ibn Abdallah. He was the brother of Djafar ibn Abdallah (see above).
• The Hammudid dynasty of Algeciras, Málaga, Sevilla and Kingdom of Granada has same origin. Their ancestor, Hammud, was a descendant of Idris ibn Abdallah.
• The Sulaymanids dynasty of, Tlemcen, Archgoul, Tenes (West-Algeria) Sulayman ibn Abd Allah the first amir of the dynasty sulaymanid he was the brother of Idris i of Fas^[2]
• The Banu Katuda/Hashemites, Sharifs of Mecca and Kings of Jordan, Kings of Iraq, Kings of Hejaz, Kings of Syria, have origin in Musa ibn Abdallah, brother of Idris ibn Abdallah (se above). Musa had a son named Abdallah ibn Musa, father of Musa ibn Abdallah ibn Musa, who began this dynasty. From this branch also came the Banu Fulayta.
• The Alid Dynasty of the Muse clan or Banu Muse clan of Somalia, who are descended from Ali through there ancestor Muse ibn Mohammed al Hashimi. Today, the Muse clan formed the minority of the northern territory of Somaliland.
• The Banu Salih of the old state of Ghana originated in Salih ibn Abdallah, brother of Musa ibn Abdallah ibn Musa (see above).
• The Sulaymanid dynasty of Sharifs of La Mecca originated in Sulayman ibn Abdallah, brother of Salih ibn Abdallah (see above).
• The Al Qasimi (Qawasim) dynasty of Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah claim descent from the 10th Imam, Ali al-Hadi.
• The Fatimid Caliphs (Later the Ismaili imams of Alamut) claimed descent from Husayn ibn Ali, son of Ali ibn Abi Talib. The line was:

Genealogical tree of the Fatimid caliphs (in yellow). Their ancestry from the seven Ismaili imams (in grey) and Muhammad is also shown.

Ali ibn Abi Talib,

Husayn ibn Ali,

Ali Zayn al Abidin ibn Husayn,

Muhammad el Bakir ibn Ali,

Djafar el Sadik ibn Muhammad,

Ismail ibn Djafar,

Muhammad ibn Ismail,

Ahmad al-Wafi (Abadullah ibn Muhammad ibn Ismail),

Muhammad at-Taqi (Ahmed ibn Abadullah ibn Muhammad),

Raḍī ʿAbd Allāh az-Zaki (Husayn ibn Ahmad ibn Abadullah) and

Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah.

• The Safavids dynasty claimed descent from Husayn ibn Ali, son of Ali ibn Abi Talib, sharing the first five original rulers with the Fatimids (compare the indented names). There is no known independent documentation that supports this claim, and it is presented here for historical completeness. The Safavid dynasty family tree shows part of this. The line was:

Ali ibn Albi Talib,

Husayn ibn Ali,

Ali Zayn al Abidin ibn Husayn,

Muhammad el Bakir ibn Ali,

Djafar el Sadik ibn Muhammad,

Musa ibn Ja'far al-Kazim,

Hamzah ibn Musa,

Mohammad al-Qasim ibn Hamzah ,

Ahmed ibn Mohammad,

Mohamed ibn Ahmed ,

Ismail ibn Mohamed,

Ja'far ibn Ismail,

Ibrahim ibn Ja'far ,

Mohamed ibn Ibrahim ,

Ali ibn Mohamed,

Mohamed ibn Mohamed,

Feroz Shah ibn Mohamed,

Awoad ibn Feroz Shah ,

Mohamed ibn Awoad ,

Rashid ibn Mohamed,

Ahmed ibn Rashid ,

Gabriel ibn Ahmed,

Isaac ibn Gabriel ,

Safi al-Din ibn Isaac,

Sadruddin ibn Safi al-Din ,

Ali ibn Sadruddin,

Ibrahim ibn Ali,

Sadruddin ibn Ibrahim,

Haider ibn Sadruddin,

Shah Ismail Safavid ibn Haider.

Genealogical Trees

This is a table of the interrelationships between the different parts of the Alid dynasties:^[3]

Below is a simplified family tree of Husayn ibn Ali. For the ancestors of ibn Ali see the family tree of Muhammad and the family tree of Ali. People in italics are considered by the majority of Shia and Sunni Muslims to be Ahl al-Bayt (People of the House). Twelver Shia also see the 4th to 12th Imamah as Ahl al-Bayt.

Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali

Muhammad grandfather (family tree)

Khadijah bint Khuwaylid grandmother

Fatimah mother

Ali father (family tree) (descendants) 1st Shia Imāmah, 4th Sunni Rashidun

Muhsin ibn Ali brother

Hasan ibn Ali brother 2nd Twelver/Zaidiyyah and 1st Mustaali Imāmah

Husayn ibn Ali 3rd Twelver/Zaidiyyah and 2nd Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah

Umm Kulthum bint Ali sister

Zaynab bint Ali sister

Shahrbanu wife

Rubab bint Imra al-Qais wife

Layla bint Abi Murrah al-Thaqafi wife

Umm Ishaq bint Talhah wife

Fatema Sugra bint Husayn daughter

Sakinah bint Husayn daughter

Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn son

Sukayna bint Husayn daughter

Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn son

Fatimah bint Husayn daughter

Mother of ‘Umar

Ali ibn Husayn son 4th Twelver/Zaidiyyah and 3rdMustaali/Nizari Imāmah

Fatimah bint al-Hasan daughter-in-law

Jayda al-Sindhi

Umar ibn Husayn son

‘Umar al-Ashraf

Muhammad al-Baqir grandson 5th Twelver and 4th Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah

Farwah bint al-Qasim (Umm Farwa)

Zayd ibn Ali grandson 5th Zaidiyyah Imāmah

Abu Bakr ibn Husayn son

‘Alī

Hamidah Khatun

Ja'far al-Sadiq great-grandson 6th Twelver and 5th Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah

Fatima bint al-Hussain'l-Athram bin al-Hasan bin Ali

Zaynab bint Husayn daughter

al-Ḥasan

Musa al-Kadhim great-great-grandson 7th Twelver Imāmah

Abdullah al-Aftah ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq great-great-grandson

Isma'il ibn Jafar great-great-grandson 6th Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah

Unknown

Umm Kulthum bint Husayn daughter

‘Alī

Ummul Banīn Najmah

al-Nāṣir al-Kabīr

Ali ar-Ridha great-great-great-grandson 8th Twelver Imāmah

Sabīkah a.k.a. Khayzurān

Muhammad ibn Ismail great-great-great-grandson 7th and the last Sevener Imāmah and 7th Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah

Fatima

Sumānah

Muhammad al-Taqi great-great-great-great- grandson 9th Twelver Imāmah

Unknown

Ahmad al-Wafi great-great-great-great-grandson 8th Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah

Other issue

Ali al-Hadi great-great-great-great-great-grandson 10th Twelver Imāmah

Hâdise ( Hadīthah ) / Suzan ( Sūsan ) / Sevil ( Savīl )

Other issue

Muhammad at-Taqi great-great-great-great-great-grandson 9th Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah

Unknown

Hasan al-Askari great-great-great-great-great-great-grandson 11th Twelver Imāmah

Narjis

Rabi Abdullah great-great-great-great-great-great-grandson 10th Mustaali/Nizari Imāmah

Muhammad al-Mahdi great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandson 12th and final Twelver Imāmah

Family tree of Hasan ibn Ali

The Hashemites of Sharifs of Mecca, Kings of Jordan, Syria and Iraq are descended from the other brother Hasan ibn Ali:

Genealogical tree of the Hashemite family showing their descent Muhammad the Prophet,^{[6] [7]} which is contradictory to the previous family tree of Hasan bin Ali in some parts.

^{[8] [9] [10]}

The Alaouites, Kings of Morocco, are also descended from the other brother Hasan ibn Ali through Al Hassan Addakhil:

Genealogical tree of the Alouite family showing their descent Muhammad the Prophet,^[11][12] which is contradictory to the previous family tree of Hasan bin Ali.

Genealogoical chart of the descent from the Prophet of the Idrisid dynasty, rulers of Fez and Morocco, Kings of Tunis, and the Senussi dynasty, founders and heads of the Libyan Senussi Order and Kings of Libya are also descended from the other brother Hasan ibn Ali through Al Hassan Addakhil.

Genealogical tree of the Idrisid and Senussi family showing their descent Muhammad the Prophet.^[12]

See also

• Descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib
• Family tree of Ali
• Family tree of Muhammad
• Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali
• Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters
• Kaysanites Shia

References

1. http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_musulmanes/Dynastie_des_Hasanides.htmoriginated
2. Ibn Khaldoun, Histoire des Berbères, 2003, Berti, Alger.
3. Daftary, Farhad. "ʿAlids." Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Edited by: Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Brill Online, 2014.
4. Al-Yasin, Shaykh Radi. "1". Sulh al-Hasan. Jasim al-Rasheed. Qum: Ansariyan Publications. p. 4.
5. Madelung, "Al-Ukhaydir," p. 792
6. The Hashemites: Jordan's Royal Family
7. Stitt, George (1948). A Prince of Arabia, the Amir Shereef Ali Haider. George Allen & Unwin, London.
8. Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties. Edinburgh University Press.
9. Antonius, George (1946). The Arab Awakening. Capricorn Books, New York.
10. The Hashemites, 1827-present
11. "Morocco (Alaoui Dynasty)". Usa-morocco.org. Retrieved 2014-01-01.
12. Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (1980). Burke's Royal Families of the World: Africa & the Middle East. Burke's Peerage.

External links

• Descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Dynastie des Alides, in French):
• Hasanid branch of the Alides (among which the members of the (royal) Alouite dynasty of Morocco):
• Idrisid branch of the Alides (among which the members of the (royal) Idrissid dynasty of Morocco):
• Fatimid branch