Amiens

This article is about the city in France. For the battles which occurred nearby, see Battle of Amiens (disambiguation). For the locality in Australia, see Amiens, Queensland.
Amiens

Amiens

Coat of arms
Amiens

Coordinates: 49°53′31″N 2°17′56″E / 49.892°N 2.299°E / 49.892; 2.299Coordinates: 49°53′31″N 2°17′56″E / 49.892°N 2.299°E / 49.892; 2.299
Country France
Region Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie
Department Somme
Arrondissement Amiens
Intercommunality Communauté d'agglomération Amiens Métropole
Government
 • Mayor (2014–2020) Brigitte Fouré
Area1 49.46 km2 (19.10 sq mi)
Population (2006)2 139,271
 • Density 2,800/km2 (7,300/sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code 80021 / 80000
Elevation 14–106 m (46–348 ft)
(avg. 33 m or 108 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Amiens (French pronunciation: ​[a.mjɛ̃]) is a city and commune in northern France, 120 km (75 mi) north of Paris and 100 km (62 mi) south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme department in Picardy. The city had a population of 136,105 according to the 2006 census.

The first known settlement is Samarobriva ("Somme bridge"), the central settlement of the Ambiani, one of the principal tribes of Gaul. The town was given the name Ambianum by the Romans, meaning settlement of the Ambiani people. The town has been much fought over, being attacked by barbarian tribes, and later by the Normans. In 1113 the city was recognized by King Louis VI of France, and joined to the Crown of France in 1185. In 1597, Spanish soldiers held the city during the six-month Siege of Amiens, before Henry IV regained control. During the 18th and 19th century, the textile tradition of Amiens became famous for its velours. In 1789 the provinces of France were dismantled and the territory was organised into departments. Much of Picardy became the newly created department of Somme, with Amiens as the departmental capital. During the industrial revolution the city walls were demolished, opening up space for large boulevards around the town centre. The Henriville neighbourhood in the south of the city was developed around this time. In 1848, the first railway arrived in Amiens, linking the city to Boulogne-sur-Mer. During the 1870 Battle of Amiens, when the Somme was invaded by Prussian forces, Amiens was occupied.

The town was fought over during both the First and Second World Wars, suffering much damage, and being occupied several times by both sides. The 1918 Battle of Amiens, was the opening phase of the Hundred Days Offensive, which led directly to the Armistice with Germany that ended the war. It was heavily bombed by the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. The city was rebuilt according to Pierre Dufau's plans, with a focus on widening the streets to ease traffic congestion. These newer structures were primarily built of brick, concrete and white stone with slate roofs. The architect Auguste Perret designed the Gare d'Amiens train station and nearby Tour Perret.

It has one of the biggest university hospitals in France with a capacity of 1200 beds.

Amiens Cathedral, the tallest of the large, classic, Gothic churches of the 13th century and the largest in France of its kind, is a World Heritage Site. The author Jules Verne lived in Amiens from 1871 until his death in 1905, and served on the city council for 15 years. During December, the town hosts the largest Christmas market in northern France. Amiens is known for a few local foods, including "macarons d'Amiens", almond paste biscuits; "tuiles amienoises", chocolate and orange curved biscuits; "pâté de canard d'Amiens", duck pate in pastry; "la ficelle Picarde", an oven-baked cheese-topped crêpe; and "flamiche aux poireaux", a puff pastry tart made with leeks and cream.

Geography

Location

Map of the Amiens and its surrounding communes

Amiens, the regional prefecture of Picardy, is also the prefecture of the Somme, one of the three departments (with Oise and Aisne) in the region. Located in the Paris Basin, across the country the city benefits from a privileged geographical position (proximity to Paris, Lille, Rouen, London and Brussels). At the crossroads of major European routes of movement (A1, A16 and A29), the city is also at the heart of a major rail star.

As the crow flies, the city is 115 kilometres (71 mi) from Paris, 97 kilometres (60 mi) from Lille, 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Rouen, 162 kilometres (101 mi) from Le Havre and 144 kilometres (89 mi) from Reims. At the regional level, Amiens is located 53 kilometres (33 mi) north of Beauvais, 71 kilometres (44 mi) west of Saint-Quentin, 66 kilometres (41 mi) from Compiègne and 102 kilometres (63 mi) from Laon.

In area, it is the third in the Somme, after Crécy-en-Ponthieu and Hornoy-le-Bourg.

 Vaux-en-Amiénois Poulainville Rivery
Dreuil-lès-Amiens Camon
Longueau
   Amiens  
Salouël
Pont-de-Metz		 Saint-Fuscien
Dury		 Cagny
Boves

Geology and relief

The area of the commune is 4,946 hectares (12,220 acres); the altitude varies between 14 and 106 metres (46 and 348 ft).[1]

Hydrography: Somme and canal, Avre and Selle

The Somme in the old town at the beginning of the 20th century
The Becquet Bridge, at the start of the 20th century

Amiens is crossed by the main stem of the River Somme and is generally quiet, except during exceptional floods, several weeks long (such as spring 2001). It is also, on its southeastern outskirts, close to Camon and Longueau, the confluence with its main tributary on the left bank (to the south), the Avre. The Selle enters from the northwest of Amiens, with two arms (including the Haute Selle) passing behind the Unicorn Stadium, the exhibition park, the megacity and horse racing track, then passing the end of the Promenade de la Hotoie and the zoo of Amiens, and to the right of the water treatment plant, in front of the island Sainte-Aragone, opposite the cemetery of La Madeleine in Amiens.

The city developed in a natural narrowing of the river at the level of the hortillonnages, due to the advance of the rim of the Picard plateau in Saint-Pierre (ford crossing). The Amiens citadel is built on this limestone butte and Rue Saint-Pierre is a path slightly inclined path to leave the city from the north. At this narrowing, a network of narrow canals led to the construction of bridges and buildings including textile mills in the Middle Ages.

The hydrographic network has always been an important asset operated by the city. The river helped shape the identity of the landscape, urban and economic territory. It is around the quarters of Saint-Leu, Saint-Maurice bordering the River Somme and most of the administrative and civil area of the current city centre which the city has developed since antiquity.

The Canal de la Somme dates from the beginning of the 19th century and the bridge at the foot of the citadel was built after World War II.

Climate

Amiens has a typical oceanic climate in the north of France, with relatively mild winters, cool summers, and rainfall well distributed throughout the year.

Transport

Amiens is a hub between the Île de France and the rest of the north of France; Normandy and Benelux; and France and Great Britain. Amiens is not directly on principal European road and rail arteries, such as the A1 motorway and the Paris-Lille TGV train line, at present.

However, at halfway between the urban areas of Lille and Paris, Amiens has good conditions of service and accessibility, including motorways (at the junction of the A16 and A29).

A regular bus link with the TGV Haute-Picardie station also provides access to the Charles-de-Gaulle Airport station. On the horizon of 2022,[2] the Roissy–Picardie Link will put Amiens 55 minutes from Paris Charles-de-Gaulle Airport and its TGV station.

By train, Amiens is located at:

  • 1 hour 5 minutes from Paris (16 round-trip trains per day)
  • 1 hour 15 minutes from Lille
  • 1 hour 15 minutes from Rouen
  • 2 hours 30 minutes from Brussels
  • 3 hours 30 minutes from Lyon
  • 3 hours from London

Roads

Since antiquity, Amiens has been a crossroads of important routes. The contemporary city is served by the A16 and A29 autoroutes. The Jules Verne Viaduct, 943 metres (3,094 ft) long, crosses the River Somme to the east of the city and allows circumvention of the city by motorway-type roads. The A16 and A29 autoroutes, the RN1 and the RN25 form a bypass-type motorway around the city that the population has called the Rocade d'Amiens [ring road of Amiens]. Initially constituting national roads which are downgraded today, mostly as departmental roads, the greater urban area of Amiens is served by:

Amiens is served by several motorways:

Parking

Map of parking in the city centre of Amiens in 2009.
  Town Hall
  Halles
  Jacobins
  Trois Cailloux
  Saint-Leu
  Amiens 2
  Perret
  Free outdoor parking

According to the urban transport plan (PDU) approved 19 December 2013 for the period 2013-2023 parking supply is considered abundant in Amiens.[3] Although important, demand for parking is less than what is available (capacity reserves are still 20% minimum: If the road is sometimes saturated, the occupancy rate of the underground parking remains globally less than 100%).[3]

In 2013, the city counted approximately 70,000 public parking spaces, including 8,400 in the city centre and in its immediate vicinity, where 70% of places are paid.[3]

The underground car parks in the city centre are organised thus:

Name Accessible by Close to Number of spaces
Halles Rue du Général-Leclerc Commercial Centre of Halles, belfry 468
Centrum Rue Frédéric Petit Coliseum 190
Hôtel de ville Rue de Beauvais Espace piétonnier, town hall 80
Jacobins Rue des Jacobins Espace piétonnier, prefecture 587
Saint-Leu Rue des Huchers Faculties of law, political science and economy management; cathedral 585
Trois Cailloux Rue Robert de Luzarches Espace piétonnier, courthouse, cathedral 486
Amiens 2 Boulevard d'Alsace-Lorraine, rue de la Vallée Amiens 2 commercial centre, bus station, SNCF railway station 724
Perret Boulevard de Belfort, rue Vulfran-Warmé Cinema, SNCF railway station 490
Gare La Vallée Rue de la Vallée SNCF railway station, Gare La Vallée development zone 840

As of 2007, a residential parking system is deployed in Saint-Anne ward to cope with congestion in the streets by cars of users from the SNCF railway station. During the campaign for the municipal election of 2008, parking was one of the important topics of debate.[4] A year after the change of majority, the Gilles Demailly team launched a consultation with the population.[5] From 2011, the residential parking was extended to the quarters of Gare-La-Vallée and Riolan, then in 2012 the Noyon and the area east of the Riolan sector. In 2014, 2,600 parking spaces[6] were affected by this system which is designed to allow city residents more parking near their homes, to promote a better rotation of vehicles in the streets and reduce permanent occupation of public space by the cars cluttering the highway.

Public transport

Two tram lines over 10.7 kilometres (6.6 mi) were opened in 1887. The two intersect at Place Gambetta, one linking La Madeleine Cemetery, the Church of Saint-Acheul, Cagnard bridge, Rue de Noyon and Rue Jules-Barni; the other from the Church of Saint-Pierre at the racecourse, by the streets of Saint-Leu, Frédéric-Petit and Colbert.

Electrified in 1899, the network grew to seven lines totalling 19 kilometres (12 mi) in 1906. From 1932, Longueau was linked to Amiens by a bus service. The terrible German bombing in 1940 which destroyed most of the city centre also hit the Jules-Ferry Road tram depot and totally destroyed the tram fleet. Only the Longueau bus survived. Amiens remained without transport. A few old Parisian buses were then used for an extremely reduced service. These buses as well as the survivor bus were then converted to city gas and equipped with tanks on the roof covered by a huge white dome. This service continued with this extraordinary material until approximately 1946. There were only two urban lines: An east-west line (Saint-Acheul - Montieres) and a northeast-southwest line (Beauville - road to Rouen). It was decided after war to serve the city by trolleybus with one bus route to Longueau. This programme was only in part realised (serving Saint-Acheul), road to Rouen, La Madeleine and Saint-Pierre. In 1964, trolleybuses were abandoned and the bus became ubiquitous in Amiens transportation.[7]

The bus network is today managed by the Ametis mixed economy company, whose network covers Amiens Métropole, the agglomeration of Amiens. The establishment of dedicated bus lanes began in 2006. Former Mayor Gilles de Robien had envisioned the creation of a tram, but the choice of dedicated bus lanes had been preferred for reasons of cost and attendance. His successor, Mayor Gilles Demailly, had been considering the development of a TSCP in the metropolitan area. As a result of numerous studies and conferences, elected representatives voted for the creation of a tram at the municipal Council of 15 November 2012. The project had been endorsed by the Communauté d'agglomération Amiens Métropole on 18 December 2012 and the commissioning of a first north-south tram route was scheduled for 2018/2019.[8] Following the elections of 2014, which were a defeat for most municipal and community carriers of the project, the new mayor of Amiens Brigitte Fouré and by extension the new president of Amiens Métropole Alain Gest decided to suspend the project at least during the time of their respective mandates, thus applying a campaign promise (the tram was at the heart of debate)[9] and despite a project announcement of trams on tyres (of TVR type).[10][11] Improvement of public transit would then be only by that of the bus network. Indeed, in December of the same year, the Community Council approved funding for a study (the sixth in 20 years)[12] relating to the establishment of a rapid transit bus network (BHNS), which should enter into service in March 2019, and whose vehicles could be electric.[13]

Cycle networks

Vélam public bicycle sharing system in Amiens.

Amiens has developed two bike services: Buscyclette and Velam.

In 2012, Amiens Métropole had 100 kilometres (62 mi) of routes for cyclists.[3] Despite the development of a bicycle plan in 1997 which was planning the development of 500 kilometres (310 mi) of equipped cycleways, the network of the territory in terms of paths is still incomplete.

The blueprint of the bicycle facilities of the agglomeration (SDAC) provides, over a period of 10 years (2014-2024),[3] for 188 kilometres (117 mi) of cycle routes and equips 490 sites for the parking of bikes. This plan also includes the deployment of parking facilities over the entire territory of the city, close to the facilities frequented by bikers, as well as cyclist right-turns at traffic lights or even the maintenance of existing facilities.

Railways

Gare du Nord and its canopy in August 2012

There are three railway stations:

Connections from these two stations include to Lille via Arras and Douai, to Boulogne via Abbeville, to Paris-Nord via Creil or Compiègne, to Reims via Tergnier, and to Rouen.

Many regional and extra regional links (Haute-Normandie, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Champagne-Ardenne and île-de-France) pass through Amiens, especially by TER Picardie.

A station located 45 kilometres (28 mi) from Amiens, the Haute-Picardie TGV station, allows access to the TGV network. It is served by buses from Amiens. Its isolated character earned it the name of gare des betteraves, or gare betteraves, at the time of its construction.[15]

Air transport

In addition to Amiens – Glisy Aerodrome, bordering the town's eastern edge 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the centre, there are several airports nearby.

Waterways

The Somme canal runs through the town to the English Channel. This canal is linked to the Canal du Nord (Paris to Lille metropolitan area)

Urbanism

Urban morphology

Amiens comprises a number of neighbourhoods ("quartiers" in French) with their own characteristics, including Saint-Leu, St-Maurice, Henriville, and Saint-Acheul.

Saint-Leu quarter

St-Leu is a part of Amiens north of the city centre. It has many older wooden and brick houses and several canals. At the foot of the cathedral, traversed by canals, this picturesque area was largely rehabilitated during the 1990s. It extends to the Somme canal, located more to the north, at the foot of the Coteau Saint-Pierre on which the fortress of Jean Errard, called Citadelle, was built. Historically, it was the poor quarter of the city, where butchers, tanners and dyers gathered.

Amiens University's Faculty of Sciences, present since the 1960s, has been renovated and expanded on occasion. The Faculty of Law and Economics has also been transferred since the mid-1990s from the campus (offset to the south of the city) to its new location at the foot of the cathedral.[note 1] The open-air parking it replaces was a "gap" in the landscape dating from World War II. Nonetheless, it allowed an unobstructed view of the cathedral. Most of the buildings have been renovated and transformed into housing much of which is for students, many of whom are in the quarter.

The area became the heart of the Amiens people's evenings, with many establishments (bars, restaurants, etc.) on Place du Don and Quai Bélu.

At Rue Saint-Leu is found the church, located just between the Faculty of Science and Law-Economy (UPJV).

Two theatres were established in the quarter, that of the Chés Cabotans (puppet shows in the Picard language) and the Maison du Théâtre at the foot of the Saint-Leu Church. There is also La Lune des Pirates, a concert hall.

Saint-Maurice quarter

Located to the west of the Citadelle, and east of the La Madeleine Cemetery, this very old working-class quarter of Amiens, and industrial centre of the 18th century, is undergoing rehabilitation with the construction, rearrangement and renovation of much housing.

Bordered by the Canal de la Somme, it offers a stopover for leisure boats, which must go through a lock.

The walls of the city's former dye factory are now those of the École supérieure d'art et de design d'Amiens (ESAD) as well as those of the Faculty of Arts. The École supérieure d'ingénieurs en électronique et électrotechnique (ESIEE) is in the same quarter. As the Citadelle, it will be renovated by the architect Renzo Piano to accommodate the university departments (UFR) of letters, of history and geography, of languages, the École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation (ESPE), the House of Languages, the House of Research and the University Library in 2015.

The Jardin des plantes, known as the Jardin du Roy within the city, is also located in this quarter.

The River Somme from the Boulevard de Beauvillé

Henriville quarter

The Henriville neighbourhood was mostly built during the 19th century after the demolition of the city wall. It lies at the south of the town centre. It has numerous bourgeois houses and townhouses, predominantly in brick, blending architectural styles of the period, including neoclassical, troubadour and neo-Gothic. There are also private mansions, such as the Acloque mansion and the house of Jules Verne.

Saint-Acheul quarter

The Saint-Acheul quarter (IPA: [aʃoel]) existed before Amiens, as people have lived there since prehistoric times. This is where archaeological excavations in the nineteenth century discovered prehistoric tool sets typical of the "Acheulean" prehistorical era, named after this neighbourhood (also spelled Acheulian, pronounced [əˈʃuːliən]). An archaeological garden can be freely visited there.

Not to be confused with the commune of Saint-Acheul situated 37 km (23 mi) to the north, the quarter of Saint-Acheul is the site of a military cemetery from the First World War (1914–1918).

It also contains the Church of Saint-Acheul, and the former normal school of teachers which became the Lycée Robert-de-Luzarches. A number of famous people are buried in the former Saint-Acheul cemetery such as J.-P. Pinchon (creator of Bécassine) and many resistance fighters. Part of the quarter includes a so-called "English neighbourhood," with typical English style houses. At the feet of this area lie the hortillonnages, a marshy area criss-crossed by canals.

Other neighbourhoods

Amiens, like other big cities, has its large HLM high-rise tower blocks:

These areas experience a lot of social troubles and have regularly been the place for riots. The northern quarters were the scene of violent events in 1994, 1999 and 2000 (clashes between several districts of the city and between the neighbourhoods of Amiens and the districts of Creil), in 2006 and 2008 (in the wake of incidents in the Paris suburbs) and more recently in August 2012 following a conflict between youth and the police. The cost of the latest vandalism to occur in the north of Amiens would amount, according to Gilles Demailly, to between four and six million euros. These extremely violent riots caused sixteen police officers to be injured.[18]

An extensive programme of redevelopment of these neighborhoods began recently, demolished HLM tower blocks and new infrastructure have been built, especially for schools. In 2009, the public transport network of the Amiens agglomeration was significantly modified.

Housing

In 2009, the total number of dwellings in the municipality was 68,145, while it was 63,201 in 1999.[Insee 1]

Among this housing, 91.7% were primary residences, 1.0% of secondary residences and 7.4% vacant housing. These dwellings were 38.7% of detached houses and 60.2% of apartments.[Insee 2]

The proportion of principal residences, which were the properties of occupants, was 34.0%, down from 1999 (35.3%). The share of empty rented HLM homes (social housing) was also down: 29.0% against 32.5% in 1999, their number decreased from 18,692 to 18,103. However, this percentage remains much greater than the rate of 20% required by the law on solidarity and urban renewal (SRU) for cities and agglomerations of more than 50,000 inhabitants.[Insee 3]

The identity of the city is strongly marked by the specificity of its housing stock consisting in a large proportion of detached houses, semi-detached, single or bourgeois: the amiénoises. These traditional houses in the suburbs, in brick and floor(s), were intrinsically linked to the expansion of the city during and after the Industrial Revolution.

The amiénoise simple includes a window on the ground floor and floors for attic and basement. It is built on a plot of a few metres wide but is very deep, and includes a garden, forming hearts with green islets and sparse areas. The amiénoise double has two windows at each level. The grandes amiénoises and townhouses rise to at least two floors with large rooms. They can have a gate opening onto a paved courtyard.[19]

The official buildings or mansions regularly use brick façades on a sandstone base, decorated by stone window and door frames.

The Chanoines quarter has stone façades exclusively.

In historic areas such as the Saint-Leu quarter, façades widely use wood, half-timbered or siding, and wattle and daub.

Development projects

Toponymy

The toponym is derived from the name of the local Gallic people, the Ambiani, which was replaced in the 4th century to the old name of the town Samarobriva (the bridge on the Samara - Somme). Amiens then became the episcopal headquarters.[27] In Picard, Amiens is called Anmyen.

History

See also: History of Amiens and Timeline of Amiens

Prehistory

The Saint-Acheul axehead (Félix Régnault collection, Muséum de Toulouse).

Paleolithic

The discovery of important prehistoric sites in Amiens contributed to the birth and growth of prehistory, a young science which established itself in the second half of the 19th century. The region of Amiens has enormous potential for Quaternary geology and, more generally, for knowledge of the history of the first settlements in Europe.

The wealth and importance of the deposits in the suburbs of Saint-Acheul and Montieres, as well as the quality of the work of Victor Commont and Jacques Boucher de Perthes, considered the founder of prehistory, brought an international scientific reputation to the territory. As the Vézère Valley and the Dordogne, the Somme Valley made reference to prehistory and to the study of the Paleolithic.

It was at Amiens that, for the first time, was defined one of the most ancient civilisations of humanity: The Acheulean. In 1853, haches taillées [carved axes], according to the term of the time, were collected in the old alluvium of the Somme at the level of the suburb of Saint-Acheul, east of the city. This discovery fascinated the greatest international experts of the time, Joseph Prestwich, Hugh Falconer, Charles Lyell and John Evans, who flocked to the site. In August 1859, Albert Gaudry discovered nine "carved axes" attesting, according to him, of the great antiquity of mankind. These discoveries marked the beginning of the great period of Saint-Acheul which lasted more than three-quarters of a century.

Between 1860 and 1880, 20,000 axeheads were thus collected. Saint-Acheul, whose fame became international, attracted many French and foreign specialists and collectors. This success gave rise to a lucrative trade of fake flints.

In 1872, Gabriel de Mortillet, who named the great periods of prehistory in France, decided to name the stone tools gathered in large numbers at Saint-Acheul as Acheulean. The Amiens site then became the reference for the main features of the lower Palaeolithic.

Today, the Saint-Acheul archaeological garden is open to the public[28] and presents a landscape of the former quarries which were classified as Historic Monuments in 1947.[29]

In 2007, archaeological excavations, at the Rue du Manège, uncovered the earliest traces of human occupation in Amiens, in an alluvial aquifer perched at 35 metres (115 ft) above the bottom of the current valley. The age of the remains collected during this intervention is dated to approximately 500,000 to 550,000 years ago.

Mesolithic

In 2006, when housing was under construction, excavations revealed Mesolithic[note 2] sites on positions of ancient banks of the Somme and the Selle.[30]

Neolithic

The Neolithic period the territory of Amiens has not been the subject of intensive research as the Paleolithic. However, a large deposit in the Montieres-Etouvie sector has delivered an extensive Neolithic industry with yellow flint of excellent craftsmanship.

Renancourt brickworks also updated important remains attributable to the Neolithic or Chalcolithic, evidenced by the boat-shaped double axe exhibited at the Musée de Picardie.

Antiquity

The first known settlement is Samarobriva ("Somme bridge"), mentioned for the first time in the Commentarii de Bello Gallico of Julius Caesar. Some forty years later, it was the central settlement of the Ambiani, one of the principal tribes of Gaul, who were issuing coinage, probably from Amiens, in the 1st century BC. It was a large town which controlled the passage of the Via Agrippa connecting Lyon to Boulogne-sur-Mer. The Ambiani derived their name from the Gaulish word ambe, meaning river – a reference to the Somme that flows through Amiens.[31] The town was given the name Ambianum by the Romans, meaning settlement of the Ambiani people. Samarobriu (Samarobriva Ambianorum) appears on the Tabula Peutingeriana.

By tradition, it was at the gates of Amiens that Saint Martin of Tours, at the time still a Roman soldier, shared his cloak with a naked beggar.

Excavations near the city hall and the Palace of Justice revealed the foundations of the forum, the thermal baths and amphitheatre built for a population greater than that of either Londinium or Lutetia. During the late Roman Empire, the walled city was one of the main rear Roman bases facing the Barbarian Invasions. After Nero's death, it was a centre of equipment of Britannia and saw a flow of legionaries and merchants. The enclosure of the late Empire protected an area of 20 hectares (49 acres).[32] The prosperity of the city made it a target for barbarian tribes such as the Alans, the Burgundians or the Vandals, who attacked the city several times. During the development of the ZAC de Renancourt in 2012, archaeologists (INRAP and Drac Picardie) excavated a Gallo-Roman rural area of 10 hectares (25 acres), from after the conquest (1st and 2nd centuries). The occupation of the 1st century discovered (La Tène culture).

In 2006, during the construction of buildings in the Cathedral ZAC, excavations were used to study a portion of the wall erected at the end of the 3rd century in Samarobriva.[33]

In 367, Valentinian I moved to Amiens to organise a maritime defence system, known as the Tractus Armoricanus et Nervicanus. Valentinian I was proclaimed Augustus along with his son Gratian the same year. Also in 367, it was from Amiens that Count Theodosius restored Roman order in Brittania.

In 383, in contrast, Amiens, like all towns in the area, was taken by Magnus Maximus, proclaimed emperor by the legions in Britain.

Middle Ages

Saint Louis mediating by Georges Rouget (1820).

During the 5th century, Chlodio rose to power among the Franks, and Merovech was elected in Amiens by his comrades in arms. Saint Honorius (Honoré) (d. 600 AD) became the seventh bishop of the city. Normans sacked the city 859 and again in 882. During the second sacking, the city's cathedral was burned. During the early part of the 10th century, Count Herbert de Vermandois united the regions of Amiens, Vexin, Laon, and Reims.[34] In 1095, the people of Amiens began to form a rough municipal organization. In 1113, the municipality was sworn with the agreement of the Bishop and subsequently recognised by the King of France. Other cities in the region (Beauvais, Cambrai, Laon, Noyon, Saint-Quentin) moved up in the field of municipal liberties. On Palm Sunday 1115, King Louis VI was present in Amiens, to support Bishop Geoffroi and the residents against the Count Enguerrand of Boves who refused to recognise the communal institution. The city was joined to the Crown of France in 1185.

In 1218, lightning destroyed the archives of the bishopric and chapter, and destroyed the cathedral which had been rebuilt after the invasion of the Normans. In 1264, Amiens was chosen as the seat of arbitrations when King Louis IX of France settled the conflict between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons, led by Simon de Montfort. The arbitrations led to Louis deciding on the Mise of Amiens – a one-sided settlement in favor of Henry. This decision almost immediately led to the outbreak of the Barons' War.[35]

The blue of Amiens produced from woad (Isatis tinctoria) known as the Pastel des teinturiers et de waide [Pastel of dyers and of woad] in Picard, a dye plant, made the fortune of merchant woad producers, and the city, in the 12th and 13th centuries. The wealth generated by the proceeds from the sale of this dye contributed to the financing of the reconstruction of the cathedral. Today, the heritage, cultural and economic exploitation of woad is still topical. Amiens is indeed the leader of the European cooperation project "beyond the blue - Woad: heritage and creation".

In 1435 the city was among the possessions granted to Philip the Good of Burgundy by the Congress of Arras. It was re-acquired again by King Louis XI in 1477 after the death of Charles the Bold.[34] Louis XI authorised two annual fairs in Amiens, by its letters patent, so that not only the city gains but that it does not now encourage the flight of currency from the kingdom, due to the powerful fairs of Antwerp and Bruges.

Early Modern era

Henry IV at the Siege of Amiens (Anonymous, Museum of Versailles)

On 11 March 1597, the Spanish attacked by surprise. The soldiers of Count Pedro Henriquez de Acevedo of Fuentes, disguised as peasants came before the gates of the walls with walnuts and apples. The hungry people of Amiens then opened the gates and the Spaniards entered and took over the city. After the six months of the siege of Amiens, Henry IV took over the city, putting an end to its autonomous rule.

During the 18th and 19th century, the textile tradition of Amiens became famous for its velours. The Cosserat family rose to prominence as one of the wealthiest of Amiens' textile manufacturing families. In 1789 the provinces of France were dismantled and the territory was organised into departments. Much of Picardy became the newly created department of Somme, with Amiens as the departmental capital.

Amiens' 18th-century City Hall

19th century

La Paix d'Amiens by Jules-Claude Ziegler (1853).

In November 1801, British and French delegates began discussing terms of peace at the Amiens Congress. On 25 March 1802, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the First French Republic signed the Treaty of Amiens at the town hall, putting an end to the Second Coalition against France.

During the 19th century, Amiens began to feel the effects of the industrial revolution, an became known worldwide thanks to the quality of its textile production. The city walls were demolished, opening up space for large boulevards around the town centre. The Henriville quarter in the south of the city was developed around this time, on the plots of the hospices of Amiens, far from the suburbs of Saint-Honore and Saint-Acheul. The Rue de la République was created and became a street of power and knowledge, with the erection of the municipal library and the Picardie Museum, as well as the installation of the prefecture.

In 1849, as in all the communes in France, the adult male population could, for the first time, vote through the introduction of universal suffrage. The city was hit by an outbreak of cholera in 1866.

The first railway through Amiens was built in 1846, with the first station, known as Gare du Nord: It allowed the city to connect to Paris.[note 3] A second line opened from 1847 to Boulogne-sur-Mer,[note 4] with Gare Saint-Roch; then, in 1874, the Amiens locomotive depot was put into service. Some old ditches, adjacent to the city walls, were used for the passage of railway routes. This progress changed the geography of the city, which now turned away from the Somme, like the city hall which moved its entrance from the Place au fil, to the current Rue des Trois-Cailloux.

After this time, the city began to grow beyond the river and into the surrounding hills. During the 1870 Franco-Prussian War, Somme was invaded by Prussian forces and Amiens was occupied.

Early science fiction author Jules Verne took up residence in Amiens in 1871, having met his wife there at a wedding in 1856. He was later elected city councilman in 1888.[36] In 1889, Jules Verne presided over the opening of the Amiens circus, including a courthouse, a police station and a museum dedicated to the history of Picardy.[34]

Tram in front of the Corn Exchange, in the early years of the 20th century.

In 1891, the network of the former tramway of Amiens was created, originally horse-drawn, and then, from 1899, with electric traction. This network operated until its destruction during the Battle of France in 1940.

Since 1900

From the Belle Epoque to the First World War

A concert at the Montplaisir bandstand in 1908.
Plaque of the Charter of Amiens at the entrance of the Noyon primary school, Rue Rigollot.

The tenth French town at the beginning of the 20th century, its population doubled between 1800 and 1900 from 41,000 to more than 90,000 inhabitants.[37] Given the need to accommodate the newcomers, the city transformed and enriched its heritage, especially valuing its centre, while retaining traces of its past with its plan leaving the imprint of the successive walls. The city extended first south and then north, especially in the Saint-Pierre quarter where many "Jacobins" houses were built.

The Nouvelles Galeries, which opened their doors in 1895 on the Rue des Trois-Cailloux, competed with small trade. In 1902, Henri Devred installed his first ready-to-wear store in this iconic shopping street.

Beginning in 1905, Victor Commont, called "the founding father of modern Prehistoric science,"[38] performed important archaeological work in the Picardy area.[34]

In 1906, the CGT held an historic congress which developed the Charter of Amiens, signed on 13 October 1906, a constitution of French syndicalism defining its independence from political parties.

The Picardy capital was a vibrant city, rich with sports and cultural activities. Evidenced by the international exhibition held in July and August 1906 in the Park of the Hotoie with its 1.3 million visitors[39] or the Grand Prix of France in 1913 and its 100,000 spectators.[40] The city had great intellectual activity with several influential scholarly societies, a varied press and a renowned theatre. The traditional, more aristocratic and popular festivals were many.

In 1913, the city had 38 clothing manufacturers. The Saint-Leu and Saint-Pierre quarters and the suburb of Hem dominated the textile industry, contrasting with the prosperity of the city centre and uptown by concentrating poverty and substandard housing.

With the declaration of war in the summer of 1914, Amiens, which geographical determinism placed to protect the capital, suffered the brunt of the horrors of war.

First World War

A general view of Amiens in May 1918, during Operation Michael.

At the start of the war, in August 1914, Amiens had been the Advance Base for the British Expeditionary Force. It was captured by the German Army on 31 August 1914, but recaptured by the French on 28 September. The proximity of Amiens to the Western Front and its importance as a rail hub, made it a vital British logistic centre, especially during the Battle of the Somme in 1916.[41] The city was to the immediate rear of the Allied front during most of the war. With 93,000 inhabitants at the start of the war, the population increased to 110,000 during the conflict because of the presence of Allied troops. The population and industries suffered heavy privations (gas, coal, bread, etc.), leading to several strikes, twenty-five alone in 1917. Facing regular bombings, the municipality implemented measures for the protection of historical monuments, such as the cathedral, as early as 1915.

Amiens was one of the key objectives of the German Spring Offensive which was launched on 27 March 1918 as Operation Michael. The German 2nd Army pushed back the British 5th Army, who fought a series of defensive actions. Eventually, on 4 April, the Germans succeeded in capturing Villers-Bretonneux which overlooked Amiens, only for it to be retaken by an Australian counterattack that night. This was also stopped by the Canadian Cavalry brigade (Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians)) at Villers-Bretonneux and Moreuil. During the fighting, Amiens was bombarded by German artillery and aircraft; more than 2,000 buildings were destroyed.[42]

In August, the British Expeditionary Force of Field-Marshal Sir Douglas Haig led the offensive which would become the Battle of Amiens. The attack was intended to release a large part of the railway line between Paris and Amiens. On 8 August 1918, a successful Allied counter stroke, the battle took place and was the opening phase of the Hundred Days Offensive, which led directly to the Armistice with Germany which ended the war.[43]

At the end of the First World War, the civilian toll was 152 killed and 213 wounded, property damage included 731 buildings completely destroyed and nearly 3,000 damaged, in addition to looting.[44]

A reconstruction plan was arranged by Louis Duthoit, replaced in 1921. In 1924, the State rejected the request for war damages made by the municipality. A less ambitious reconstruction began in 1925, as evidenced by a few Art Deco façades.

Second World War

Main article: Operation Jericho

The rebuilding of downtown was not complete from already being heavily hit during the First World War, the city was again stricken by many bombings during the Second World War, in 1940, particularly during the Battle of Amiens in early June. During the Battle of France, Amiens was reached by the German Army's 1st Panzer Division on 20 May 1940, following two days of heavy air raids. The Germans gradually penetrated the city and two other armoured divisions supported the offensive. French and British units were installed in positions to the south of Amiens, and discharged field guns upon the city on 5 June. A last offensive of German armour in numeric superiority, committed from 6 to 8 June, overcame the Franco-British lock, the city definitely fell on 8 June and the Wehrmacht continued its breakthrough in the direction of its next target, Paris. However, the German losses were high: Nearly 200 tanks. Despite the later fighting, the cathedral and a few neighbourhoods were spared, including those Henriville and Saint-Leu. It had been defended by a battalion, the 7th Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment, a Territorial infantry battalion of the British Army.[45] Of 581 men with the battalion, 132 men are commemorated in CWGC burials, 165 are known to have become prisoners of war and many escaped back to Britain and formed 109th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery.[46]

In 1942, the first reconstruction plans were underway by German officials, and by Pierre Dufau.

On 4 January 1944, the Germans initiated an organised round-up, which resulted in the arrests of 21 Amiens Jews, joined by Jews from the Department. First held in Drancy internment camp, most were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau by Convoy no. 66. There was only a single Amiens survivor, from this convoy, at the end of the war: Renée Louria, who recounted his terrible fate in the Courrier Picard in May 1945.[47]

On 18 February 1944, British aircraft bombed the prison in Amiens as part of Operation Jericho. The raid was intended to aid the escape of members of the French Resistance and political prisoners being held there. In all, 258 prisoners escaped.[48]

Prior to the Normandy landings of 6 June 1944, Allied aircraft concentrated on disabling communications in occupied France, and the railway junction at Longueau to the south east of Amiens was attacked by 200 bombers of the Royal Air Force on the night of the 12 and 13 June. There was much damage in the town itself.[49] Amiens was liberated on 31 August 1944 by the 11th Armoured Division, part of 30 Corps commanded by Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks.[50]

Post-war period

The city was rebuilt according to Pierre Dufau's plans, the reconstruction and development plan was adopted as early as July 1942. With a focus on widening the streets to ease traffic congestion. These newer structures were primarily built of brick, concrete and white stone with slate roofs. The Place Gambetta was furnished by the architect Alexandre Courtois, the architect Auguste Perret designed the Gare d'Amiens railway station, the Place de la Gare, and the nearby Tour Perret. Meanwhile, Dufau focussed on the market square and the cathedral square.[51]

On 2 June 1960, the new region of Picardy was formed from the departments of Aisne, Oise and Somme.[34]

A wind of protest which blew over France and the world at the end of the 1960s, also affected Amiens. First, a demonstration opposing the Vietnam War was organised on 21 October 1967. Then, while the House of Culture hosted the National Education Minister Alain Peyrefitte in mid-March 1968, at a symposium on education, Amiens students followed suit from the events in Paris by marching in protest on 6 and 7 May. Factory and the railway workers in the city joined them a few days later on 17 May. The next day, the Longueau railwaymen blocked points, Ferodo workers occupied their factory from 20 May for five weeks.

Although not experiencing clashes comparable to those in Paris, the city was quickly paralysed. The absence of household waste collection gave the streets a foul odour, and the department was short of petrol from 22 May. Against this movement of left, the extreme right was not absent: While militants had thrown an explosive device in protest at the Communist permanence of the city on 23 December 1967, members of Occident opposed students on 21 May, in front of the Picardy cinema. During the night of 27–28 May, students tried to take the House of Culture. In the aftermath of President Charles de Gaulle's radio address, his supporters in Amiens demonstrated in the streets on 31 May, while recovery was committed the following week. Faure law promulgated, the University of Amiens was created on 26 October,[52] founded on a campus in the southwestern suburbs of the city.

Since the 1970s

The city suffered the loss of many jobs as manufacturing plants in the region closed during the late 1970s and 1980s. Despite the hardships, the city made an effort to renovate the degraded area of St-Leu during this time.

The 1990s saw a great period of rebirth in the city. The St-Leu renovations were completed, the parc Saint-Pierre was redesigned and part the University of Picardy moved into new buildings in the city centre. The Vallée des Vignes commercial district was developed in the south of the city, and large parts of the city center were converted to pedestrian areas.

Since 2006, there has been a comprehensive programme for the restructuring of the station quarter, the Gare la Vallée project, is in progress.[53] Since June 2008, the vast architectural transformation of the station square facilitates access to the station for people with reduced mobility and pedestrian continuity between the city hall and the station. The Gare du Nord has been renovated with a controversial new glass roof. The Tour Perret was renovated as well and a new cinema complex was built, reorganising the area around the railway station.

Military life

Units which have been stationed at Amiens:

  • Staff of the 2nd Military Region before 1913 -
  • Staff of the 2nd Army Corps, before 1906-1913 -
  • Staff of the 3rd Infantry Division, before 1913-1928
  • Staff of the 4th Infantry Division, before 1913 -
  • Staff of the 3rd Cavalry Division, before 1913 -
  • Staff of the 3rd Motorised Infantry Division, 1928 -
  • Staff of the 1st Brigade of Spahis,[note 5] before August 1939 -
  • Staff of the 3rd Group of Cavalry,[note 6] before August 1939 -
  • 51st Infantry Regiment, August 1939
  • 72nd Infantry Regiment (France), before 1906-1913 -
  • 8th Battalion of Foot Chasseurs, 1906
  • 2nd Legion of Gendarmerie, 1906
  • Staff of the 8th Infantry Division, until its dissolution in 1993
  • 8th Regiment of Command and Support, until its dissolution in 1993.

Politics and administration

Municipal administration

The number of inhabitants at the last census being between 100,000 and 149,999, the number of members of the municipal council is 55.[54]

As a result of the French municipal elections of 2014, the distribution of seats is as follows:

Municipal council of Amiens (2014-2020)[55]
List Party President Seats Status
Groupe "Rassemblés pour Amiens" (RPA)
[Group "Gathered for Amiens"]		 UDI-UMP-MoDem Brigitte Fouré 42 Majority
Groupe des élus socialistes
[Group of Socialist elected officials]		 PS Didier Cardon 5 Opposition
Groupe Europe Écologie Les Verts
[Group Europe Ecology - The Greens]		 EELV Thomas Hutin and Marion Lepresle
(joint presidents)		 2 Opposition
Groupe des élus municipaux communistes
[Group of communist elected officials]		 PCF Jacques Lessard 2 Opposition
Groupe Amiens Bleu Marine
[Group Amiens Navy Blue]		 FN Yves Dupille 4 Opposition

The cantons

Main articles: Cantons of the Somme department and [[:2015 departmental elections in Somme]]

Amiens is divided into seven cantons :

Canton Constituency Departmental councillors Party Population Cantonal code
Canton of Amiens-1 Fully within the commune of AmiensClaude Chaidron and Dolorès EstebanFG 26,762 80 06
Canton of Amiens-2 Formed from a part of Amiens and the communes of Allonville, Bertangles, Cardonnette, Coisy, Montonvillers, Poulainville, Querrieu, Rainneville, Saint-Gratien, Villers-Bocage Zohra Darras and Francis Lec DVG - PS 23,827 80 07
Canton of Amiens-3 Formed from a part of Amiens and the communes of Aubigny, Bussy-lès-Daours, Camon, Daours, Lamotte-Brebière, Rivery, VecquemontMarion Lepresle and Jean-Claude Renaux EELV -PCF 27,020 80 08
Canton of Amiens-4 Formed from a part of Amiens and the communes of Blangy-Tronville, Cachy, Gentelles, Glisy, Longueau, Villers-Bretonneux Nathalie Marchand and Jean-Louis Piot PCF - PS 24,853 80 09
Canton of Amiens-5 Formed from a part of Amiens and the communes of Boves, Cagny Philippe Casier and Blandine Denis PS - EELV 24,535 80 10
Canton of Amiens-6 Formed from a part of Amiens and the communes of Dury, Hébécourt, Rumigny, Sains-en-Amiénois, Saint-Fuscien Hubert de Jenlis and France Fongueuse UDI 25,969 80 11
Canton of Amiens-7 Formed from a part of Amiens and the communes of Pont-de-Metz, Saleux, Salouël, Vers-sur-Selles Margaux Delétré and Olivier Jardé UMP - UDI 27,188 80 12

Deputies

Amiens is divided into two legislative districts:

List of mayors

On 4 April 2014, Brigitte Fouré (IDU (NC)) succeeded Gilles Demailly (PS). Her list was elected in the second round on 30 March 2014 with 50.39% of the votes.[56]

List of successive mayors since 1944
Start End Name Party Other details
24 September 1944 27 May 1950 Maurice Vast SFIO Industrialist, he ran the oils and fats business of "Igol". Mayor from 24 September 1944. Resigned on 27 May 1950. Councillor acting as Mayor until 7 June 1950.
7 June 1950 7 July 1950 Following the resignation of Maurice Vast, who was outvoted, the city was administered by a special delegation led by Eugène Jolibois.
7 July 1950 7 May 1953 Maurice Vast SFIO
7 May 1953 22 March 1959 Camille Goret SFIO Lawyer
22 March 1959 28 March 1971 Maurice Vast SFIO then DVG allied to the UNR
28 March 1971 24 March 1989 René Lamps PCF Teacher and Professor of general education of college
24 March 1989 27 June 2002 Gilles de Robien UDF-PR then UDF Insurance broker and loan officer. Resigned in 2002 to join the Government.
27 June 2002 29 March 2007 Brigitte Fouré UDF Maître de conférence in private law. Resigned on the return of Gilles de Robien.
29 March 2007 21 March 2008 Gilles de Robien UDF then NC
21 March 2008 4 April 2014 Gilles Demailly PS Teacher-researcher, specialist in the chemistry of sugars
1 April 2015 In progress Brigitte Fouré UDI (NC)

Judicial and administrative authorities

Amiens is a city marked by a strong judicial tradition, with the historical presence of its court of appeal, as well as all courts of first and second degree of judicial order. The Court of Appeal of Amiens has jurisdiction over the three departments of Picardy, with nine high courts.

More recently, Amiens has become the seat of:

Twin towns – sister cities

According to the official database of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs dated 11 November 2013, Amiens is twinned with four municipalities, with Nafplio not listed:[58]

Furthermore, the municipality has signed contracts of cultural and economic partnerships with several communes:[58]

Finally, Amiens participates in partnerships signed by the agglomeration community:[58]

It should be noted that on the same date, the site of the Communauté d'agglomération does cite only three twinnings with Dortmund, Görlitz and Darlington and does not cite the twinning with Bergen. Similarly, it cited the contract of partnership with Lviv, but none of the other partnerships, and adds a partnership with Tulsa in the United States.[62]

Furthermore, in 1997, a cooperation agreement and a twinning charter signed between Amiens and the Chinese city of Mianyang. These were renewed in 2014 with aims to bring the two cities closer on various levels: economic, cultural, scientific, etc.[63]

Population and society

Demography

The inhabitants of Amiens are called the Amiénois[64] and their nom jeté is Chés maqueux d'gueugues (the eaters of nuts).

The population of Amiens has risen sharply since the mid-19th century: Its population doubled between 1850 and 1960, from 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants, i.e. a gain of 50,000 people over this period of 110 years, and gaining about 30,000 others since (over 50 years only this time).

Demographic evolution

In 2012, the commune had 132,727 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses carried out in the town since 1793. From the 21st century, the communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants census takes place every year as a result of a sample survey, unlike the other communes which have a real census every five years.[note 7][note 8]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
179340,000—    
180041,279+3.2%
180639,853−3.5%
182141,107+3.1%
183145,001+9.5%
183646,129+2.5%
184147,117+2.1%
184649,591+5.3%
185152,149+5.2%
YearPop.±%
185656,587+8.5%
186158,780+3.9%
186661,063+3.9%
187263,747+4.4%
187666,896+4.9%
188174,170+10.9%
188680,288+8.2%
189183,654+4.2%
189688,731+6.1%
YearPop.±%
190190,758+2.3%
190690,920+0.2%
191193,207+2.5%
192192,780−0.5%
192691,576−1.3%
193190,211−1.5%
193693,773+3.9%
194684,761−9.6%
195492,506+9.1%
YearPop.±%
1962105,433+14.0%
1968117,888+11.8%
1975131,476+11.5%
1982131,332−0.1%
1990131,872+0.4%
1999135,501+2.8%
2006136,105+0.4%
2011133,327−2.0%
2012132,727−0.5%
From 1962 to 1999: Population without double counting; for the years following: municipal population.
Source: Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1999[65] then INSEE from 2004[66]

Age structure

Amiens is distinguished by the youthfulness of its population. Indeed, in 2012, more than 25% of the population of the city was less than 20 years old. The rate of people of an age over 60 years (16.9%) is also lower than the national rate (21.6%) and the departmental rate (21%). Like national and departmental allocations, the female population of the municipality is greater in number to the male population, with a rate of 52.9 percent, whereas the national rate is 51.6%. In 2007, the distribution of the population of the town by age group was as follows:

Population by age of Somme, 2009 (%)
90+
0.65
75-89
7.85
60-74
13.4
45-59
20.05
30-44
19.85
15-29
19.7
0-14
18.5

Total: 100

 male
female
Source: INSEE [67]
Population by age of Amiens, 2009 (%)
90+
0.6
75-95
6.35
60-74
10.35
45-59
16.8
30-44
19.15
15-29
29.3
0-14
17.5

Total: 100.05

 male
female
Source: INSEE [Insee 4]

Education

Primary and secondary education

Educational institutions of the city fall under the supervision of the Academy of Amiens[68] which develops according to the Inspection académique la Somme.

On 1 September 2010, 10,658 children were enrolled in the Amiens public schools: 4,341 in nursery school and 6,317 in elementary school.[69]

In 2011, the Amiens agglomeration included 46 nursery schools, six elementary schools and 54 primary schools including eleven private. It had nine public colleges and six private colleges. Amiens has 24 schools:

Higher education

The Amiens metropole welcomes one of the largest student populations in France. In 2013, the city has 26,000 students (3,300 in short-term)[70] and 800 researchers[71] who are divided into some 40 institutions of higher education, 32 laboratories, 10 units associated with the National scientific Research Centre or the French Institute of Health and Medical Research.

  • The University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV) headquartered in Amiens and has a broad range of courses:
    • Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy
    • Faculty of Law, Politics and Economics
    • Faculty of Sciences
    • IUP MIAGE (computing in companies)
    • Faculty of Human Sciences, Literature, Languages, Sport Sciences
    • IUT (Institut Universitaire Technique) of Management, Administration, Computing, Mechanical Engineering, Biological Engineering, Commercial Management.
    • Faculty of Arts
  • Preparatory courses for sciences, economics, biology schools and others
  • ESIEE (Engineering School of Electronics and Electrical Technology)
  • Business school
  • ISAM (Institute of Management and Administration)
  • ESAD (School of Art and Design)
  • Brevet de technicien supérieur (advanced vocational diploma) in audio-visual methods
  • School of Nursing
  • Midwifery college
  • Physiotherapy and Massage School
  • Teacher training college

Health

The CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) of Amiens Picardie is organized around four sites:

From 2014, the four sites were gradually gathered on the current site of the South Hospital, with the exception of the long stay units for the elderly remaining in the Saint-Victor Centre. This merger will be completed in 2016 and allow the CHU of Amiens to increase its national and inter-regional dimension. This group represents the largest hospital construction of France and one of the most important in Europe (more than €630 million of work and equipment). At the end of the work, the total space of the CHU of Amiens will be 172,000 square metres (1,850,000 sq ft). It will count three blocks of hospitalisation with 400 beds each. The CHU of Amiens is the largest employer in the Picardy region. At the end of the merger, there will be 6,700 employees, 1,300 students of the professions of health and 1,250 consultants who will go there each day.[72]

In order to maintain a supply of health to the north of the city, a health centre will open its doors in the first quarter of 2016, at the crossroads of the Avenue de l'Europe and the Rue Maurice-Ravel. This health space of 1,200 square metres (13,000 sq ft) will host general practitioners and specialists of the CHU (cardiologist, a service of gynaecology-obstetrics, psychologists, dentist, masseurs-physiotherapists, etc.) with the promise of a permanence of care (7 days a week and 24 hours a day).[73]

Alongside the CHU, there are three private clinics, resulting from the consolidation of old clinics in the city. These care and hospitalisation institutions for medical, surgical, and obstetrics came together to create a private hospital centre in the Vallée des Vignes quarter, south of the city.

The CHU of Amiens figured in 11th place in the 2013 awards of the hospitals and clinics of the magazine Le Point.[74] In this ranking, the CHU stands out for ankle surgery (3rd), hip prosthesis (5th), foot surgery (7th) and paediatrics (14th). In this same classification, the Victor Palmer Health Group, equipped with a solid "mother-to-child hub", gained a 5th place in the table for the gynaecological clinics and an 8th place for breast cancers.

In 2005, the CHU of Amiens became of international renown thanks to Professor Bernard Devauchelle, a native of the city, where his team performed the first partial face transplant in the world.[75]

Sport

Thanks to the youth of its population, the dynamism and the success of its sports clubs, Amiens has been awarded the title of "Sportiest city of France" by the L'Equipe newspaper in 1999. She had already won the title in 1969. In 2013, Amiens Métropole has nearly 300 sports associations and Sports Recreation: approximately 150 associations are grouped within the Office of Amiens Metropole Sports[76] and 150 others are referenced without being adherents.[77] According to this same Office for Sports, Amiens has 25,000 members of sports clubs (excluding school and university members).

The Spartiates d'Amiens, operating in the Casque de diamant (D1), champions of France in 2004, 2010 and 2012. Created in 1987, the club has more than 400 licensees.

AUC Athlétisme is a multidisciplinary athletic club which particularly developed Stella Akakpo, specialist of the sprint and the relay. Bertrand Moulinet specialist of the 20 km and 50 km walk.

The AUC Badminton (Amiens University Badminton Club) was founded in 1986. Labeled "French school of badminton" by the French Federation of badminton, the club had 205 members in 2014.[78] The city hosted the French National Badminton Championships in 2011.

The Circle of Fencing of Amiens Métropole is one of the oldest French clubs. It was succeeded in the Hall of arms of Amiens opened in 1886. The circle has approximately 150 members and remains a major club of French fencing with many qualifications and results at the Championships of France of fencing. The club held the Elite French Championships in 2001 and 2011.

The Amiens Sports Club, currently playing in League Elite D1), champions of France men in 1981, 1982, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989 and champions France women in 1983, 1984, 1993, 1995.

The Hoplites d'Ambiani, D1. A second team is evolving in D2.

The Amiens SC, for National (D3). The team was a finalist of the Coupe de France in 2001 and semi-finalists in 1930 and 2008. CSA Club, Amiens SC women's team plays in Division 2. Before the 2012-2013 season, the team was known under the name of CS Amiens Montieres Etouvie. The Amiens AC, currently playing in the CFA (D4).

The Golf Club D'amiens was founded in 1924. The men's team plays in D1, women team in D2. The club has 530 members in 2013.[79]

The Amiens Picardie Hand (APH), currently playing in National 2 (D4). The club, result of the merger of several clubs Amiens, was created in 1991.

The Gothiques d'Amiens, currently playing in Ligue Magnus (D1), champions of France in 1999 and 2004 runners-up France in 1989, 1997, 1998, 2003 and 2006. The team plays at the Coliséum on the largest area of permanent ice of France (3800 seats). Amiens hosted the Division I of the 2006 Ice Hockey World Championships.

Amiens won 10 times the Championship of France in 6/6.

The Écureuils d'Amiens, Elite League (D1), runners-up France in 2010, finalists of the Coupe de France in 2007 and finalists of the European Cup of clubs in 2008.[80]

The Sport Nautique d'Amiens (SNA) was founded in 1866. Located on the edge of the Parc Saint-Pierre, it is labeled "French rowing school 3 stars" by the French Federation of rowing. With 465 members in 2013,[81] the club currently competes in the 2nd division.

The Rugby Club Amiénois (RCA) was founded in 1900. The men's first team plays in Fédérale 3.

The Amiens Métropole swimming, club of Jérémy Stravius, triple world champion of swimming and Olympic champion in the 4 × 100 m relay. The club hosted the French Youth Championships in 2012 at the Coliséum

The Amiens Sport Table Tennis (ASTT) was founded in 1945. It was twice crowned champion of France in 1968 and 1969. The men's first team also won the Coupe de France in 1966 and 1967.

Amiens Athletic Club (AAC) was founded in 1904. It is one of the 10 biggest clubs in France with almost 1,000 members in 2013.[82]

The Amiens Longueau Métropole Volley-Ball (ALMVB) including women's first team plays in Women's Elite Division (D2) and the Amiens Métropole Volley-Ball (AMVB) including the men's first team plays in Nationale 1 (D3).

Since the start of the Tour de France in 1903, Amiens has hosted the start of a stage on ten occasions (1932, 1962, 1964, 1967, 1970, 1971, 1975, 1979, 1999, 2004) and the stage finish nine times (1932, 1962, 1964, 1967, 1970, 1971, 1975, 1993, 1999). Amiens will host the finish of Stage 5 of the 2015 Tour de France on 8 July.

On 29 April 2006, Amiens hosted the French Federation of ice hockey created during the World Cup of Ice Hockey of Group B (antechamber of the world elite) organised in Amiens at the same time. It is now installed at Issy-les-Moulineaux.

Each 15 August at the Parc de la Hotoie, the city receives the final stages of the Picardy sports and in particular those of the most emblematic, traditional Picard sport: The Ballon au poing. This Picard game is played by teams of six. To be able to hit the ball, players surround their hand and their wrist with a strip of canvas or leather.

Media

Newspapers and news magazines

Free newspapers Metro and 20 minutes are distributed in the city, including in Amiens railway station.

Since 7 February 1996,[85] the Communauté d'agglomération Amiens Métropole distributes a free weekly local newspaper: JDA (Journal des Amiénois). This publication, which appears every Wednesday, is distributed to all homes in the metropolitan area and is made available in public places (taken at about 95,000 copies)[85] as well as on the internet site of the city in its digital version. Over time, the journal has evolved through various forms. Carried out by the Directorate of communication of Amiens Métropole, the latest form dates to 16 January 2015.[85] In addition to the JDA which is attached to information on the whole of the territory of Amiens Métropole, the city has also had monthly publications specific to the city, which no longer exist today: Amiensville then Amiens Forum[85] (from April 2009 to June 2014).

The people of Amiens have other sources of information on their territory, such as the monthly publication of the Picardy regional Council, Agir en Picardie. The Departmental Council of the Somme also sees its magazine distributed each month to the samariens homes, Vivre en Somme. Since 2006, the regional tourism committee of Picardy publishes Esprit de Picardie, a travel magazine on the Picardy region, every six months.

Several associative journals and specialised magazines are also distributed free of charge in public places: L'Écho des Amphis (student monthly), Bon Temps (quarterly magazine dedicated to the culture of Amiens and the art of living), Style & Co Amiens (deco magazine, trends and lifestyle), Night Clubbing Magazine (magazine of the nightlife in Amiens), Picardie la Gazette (economics weekly), Entreprises 80 (monthly of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Amiens-Picardie).

Audiovisual

Television channels
The headquarters of France 3 Picardie
FM radio stations

Most of the national radio stations broadcast their programmes in the Amiens area. Can be added to France Bleu Picardie (100.2 MHz) and local stations Radio Campus Amiens (87.7 MHz) and Radio Galaxie programme Évasion (97.7 MHz).

Digital terrestrial radio stations

As of 1 March 2015, the CSA has not selected Amiens for broadcast or experimentation of this broadcasting standard.

Telecommunications

The city of Amiens is covered with:

Worship

Buddhist worship

The Zen Sōtō Zen centre affiliated with the international Zen Association, on Rue Vulfran Warmé.

Catholic worship

  • Notre-Dame Cathedral, Place Notre-Dame
  • Chapelle du Bon Pasteur (first of the name): Situated on Rue Daire, it belonged to the Conseil général de la Somme. Leased to the Society of St. Pius X from 1983 to 2007, it was sold, with the property complex to which it belonged, to Picardy in May 2007.
  • Chapelle Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, situated on Rue Jules Barni, the offices are run by the Society of St. Pius X according to the Tridentine Mass (an extraordinary form the Roman rite).
  • The church of Saint Honoré known as the église de Beauvais,[90] Rue Dom Bouquet
  • The church of Saint-Acheul, Chaussée Jules Ferry
  • The church of Saint-Firmin-le-Martyr, 137 Rue du Faubourg du Hem
  • The church of Saint-Germain-l'Écossais, Rue Pingre
  • The church of Sacré-Cœur, Rue de Mareuil
  • The church of Saint-Jacques, 'Rue Saint-Jacques
  • The church of Saint-Leu, Rue Saint-Leu
  • The church of Saint-Martin, Rue Morgan
  • The church of Saint-Maurice, Rue Turgot
  • The church of Saint-Pierre, Rue St Pierre
  • The church of Saint-Rémi, Rue des Cordeliers
  • The church of Saint-Roch, Rue de l'Abbaye
  • The church of Sainte-Anne, Rue Vulfran Warmé
  • The church of Sainte-Jeanne-d'Arc, Route de Rouen
  • The church of Saint-Paul, Rue de l’Île-de-France
  • The church of Saint-Pierre in the Montières quarter
  • The church of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine in the Renancourt quarter
  • The church of Sainte-Thérèse, Avenue de la Paix
  • The church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Rue de Cagny

Jewish worship

The synagogue is located at 12 Rue du Port d'Amont, near Pont-Beauville.

Mormon worship

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has a place of worship on the Doullens road.

Muslim worship

The city of Amiens concentrates the largest Muslim community of Picardy and one of the largest in the north of the France. Places of worship are evolving, several mosques are in phase of expansion or relocation. Thus the city has fifteen Muslim places of worship: Eight independent prayer rooms and seven mosques:[91]

Several independent prayer rooms are present in the urban community. On the other hand, Muslim committees and associations exist in the image of the Islamic Cultural Centre of Amiens in the Rue de Savoie, the Muslim Cultural Freedom Association - Institute of Enlightenment and also the Association of residents of the home at 21 Route d'Allonville.

Protestant worship

The temple is adjacent to the Church of Saint-Jacques.

Economy

Both industrial hub and services centre, Amiens enjoys a large pool of workers, a labour pool of over 350,000 inhabitants and many professional training courses.

Proof of dynamism, the magazine L'Entreprise elected Amiens "Most attractive city of France" for businesses (category less than 200,000 inhabitants) in 2009 and 2007. The city finished second in 2010, 2008 and 2006. The strengths of the city include a developed real estate business and taxation around the average for French cities. In addition, its geographical position square in the centre of the triangle "Paris - London - Brussels", that is at the heart of the richest Europe.

The magazine Challenges has also designated Amiens as "Best managed city of France" (category large cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants) in 2011, 2010 and 2008.

Income of the population and taxation

In 2010, the median taxable household income was €22,539, which placed Amiens at 177th place among the 31,525 communes with more than 39 households in metropolitan France.[92]

In 2009, the proportion of taxable households was 48.1%.[Insee 5]

Employment

In 2009, the population aged 15 to 64 years amounted to 93,256 persons, among which there were 66.5% of assets including 54.9% having a job and 11.6 per cent of unemployed.[Insee 6]

There were 81,405 jobs in the employment area, against 72,058 in 1999. The number of assets employed residing in the area of employment being 51,539, the concentration of job indicator[note 9] is 158.0%, which means that the employment area offers three jobs for every two active inhabitants.[Insee 7]

Distribution of employment

Tertiary sector Industry Construction Agriculture
Amiens 79.3% 17.4% 3.0% 0.2%
National average 71.5% 18.3% 6.1% 4.1%
Source: Insee

Agriculture has very little representation among Amiens jobs with only 0.2%, just as the construction sector which represents 3.0% of jobs. Unlike these two sectors whose share is below the national average, the tertiary sector represents a significant part of the Amiens workforce, 19.8%, and is more important than at the national level. Industry includes 17.4% of jobs.

The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company announced more than 400 job cuts in May 2008 at the Amiens plant, which has had 1,450 employees; in March 2009, the management announced new collective redundancies of a thousand jobs.[93]

Businesses and shops

Chamber of commerce and industry of Amiens and Chartier-Corbasson architectes, in 2012

On 31 December 2010, at Amiens, there were 9,166 businesses: 69 in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, 402 in industry, 533 in construction, 6,111 in trade, transportation and various services and 2,051 were related to the administrative sector.[Insee 8]

In 2011, 743 companies were established at Amiens,[Insee 9] including 417 by of sole proprietors.[Insee 10]

Philatelic publishers Yvert et Tellier (catalogues of quotes) and l'Écho de la timbrologie (magazine) have their management in Amiens, even if they have more of their services in the Paris region. The Gueudet Group, one of the largest car dealers in France, was established at Amiens in 1918. The old textile tradition of the city remains with the factory of Lee Cooper France (122 employees).

Since the end of World War II, much of the city's economy was related to automotive equipment with companies such as Valeo, Goodyear and Sumitomo-Dunlop tyres. In 2003, Dunlop was bought by the American Goodyear company, these two companies through late 2007 and early 2008 had a deep crisis, the headquarters in the United States having "offered" to workers a change of their working hours and the number of posts, which was refused by the staff at a high percentage.

Procter & Gamble, settled at Amiens in 1964 to produce soap and inaugurated its new detergents unit in 1966. Established over more than 45 hectares (110 acres), it is one of the largest factories in the world for laundry cleaning products (Ariel, Dash, Bonux, Gama) and for around the house (Mr. Clean, Febreze). More than 85% of its production is intended for export. The Amiens plant employs approximately 930 people.

Since the mid-1990s, the city has tried to convert to the economy of the internet and telephony. Many call centres (Intracall center, Coriolis France, Médiamétrie)[94] have opened mainly within the city, region or state. The Unilog (now Logica) computer service company has installed a service centre in Amiens (the CSA).

Amiens is the seat of the Regional Chamber of commerce and industry of Picardy. It is also the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Amiens. It manages the Amiens - Glisy Aerodrome.

Culture, tourism and heritage

The strategic position of Amiens makes it an attractive destination for a weekend or a few days, from Paris, Lille or Brussels. Amiens also benefits from the proximity of the Baie de Somme, a tourist hotspot registered at the Club des plus belles baies du monde and labelled Great Site of France.

Amiens has the label of Towns and Lands of Art and History since 1992. Within this framework, the host of the heritage organises guided tours to themes intended for an audience of adults and children with educational workshops. A signposted circuit allows an independent tour of the town, with information panels offering comment on places and notable buildings.

Amiens has an important historical and cultural heritage, an accessible and varied natural heritage, on which tourism is based. The main attractions are the cathedral, which is included in the world heritage of UNESCO, the hortillonnages, Jules Verne House, the Tour Perret, the Musée de Picardie, the zoo, and the quarters of Saint-Leu and Saint-Maurice.

Places and monuments

The commune has an exceptional heritage: 53 monuments listed in the inventory of monuments historiques[95] and 126 places and monuments listed in the general inventory of cultural heritage;[96] and on the other hand, 263 objects listed in the inventory of monuments historiques[97] and 122 objects listed in the general inventory of cultural heritage.[98] The information given below is relative only to a brief selection.

Notre-Dame d'Amiens

Main article: Amiens Cathedral
Façade of Notre-Dame Cathedral
“ It's a lovely woman, this Cathedral is a Virgin. ... Point of vain confusion, here, point of exaggeration or swelling. It is absolutely empirical of supreme elegance. ”
— Auguste Rodin
“ Amiens Cathedral deserves the name given by M. Viollet-le-Duc, 'the Parthenon of Gothic architecture'. ”
— John Ruskin, The Bible of Amiens

The city is famous for its Notre-Dame Cathedral, masterpiece of Gothic art and the largest cathedral in the world by its interior volume (200,000 cubic metres (7,100,000 cu ft)).[99] The largest religious and medieval building of France, its interior could twice hold Notre Dame de Paris.[100]

The cathedral measures 145 metres (476 ft) long and its spire rises 112 metres (367 ft) high. The vaults of the central nave, finished in 1247, are 42.3 metres (139 ft) (close to the maximum limit for this architecture).

Dating back to the 13th century, its construction is due to the wealth of the city in the Middle Ages and the fire of the Romanesque cathedral which stood previously. Three architects, including Robert of Luzarches succeeded to complete the construction.

Amiens Cathedral is notable for the coherence of its plan, the beauty of its three-tier interior elevation, the particularly fine display of sculptures on the principal façade and in the south transept, and other inlays of its floor. It is also described by John Ruskin as "Gothic, clear of Roman tradition and of Arabian taint, Gothic pure, authoritative, unsurpassable, and unaccusable."

Regarded as the archetype of the classic Gothic style, the cathedral also presents some elements of the radiant Gothic style and flamboyant Gothic. The speed of construction, barely 70 years for the shell (1220 to 1269), explains this remarkable homogeneity of style. Its façade is decorated with more 3,000 statues, gargoyles and chimeras.

Registered since 1981 as a World Heritage Site of UNESCO as a "masterpiece of world heritage", it is a second time in 1998 as a monumental step on the Camino de Santiago. Despite the two World Wars of the 20th century, which severely affected the city, it managed to stay intact.

A show of the reproduction of the original polychromy[101] of façades, discovered as a result of recent laser cleaning, is given annually for free in December and during the summer period. The show is a projection on the façade of slides in color.

The zodiac is a set of reliefs on the foundations of the western façade formed series of quatrefoil medallions, carved in a representative agrarian calendar and the signs of the zodiac.

The statue of the weeping Angel (on a tomb carved by Nicolas Blasset) and the reliefs evoking Saint-Firmin and St. John the Baptist are some of the well-known works of the Cathedral.

At ground level lies the intact labyrinth of 234 metres (768 ft) long.

On the north side of the cathedral is the former Palace of the Bishop of Amiens, occupied by the École supérieure de commerce in Amiens.

The belfry

The belfry of Amiens

Its origin dates back to the establishment of the commune of Amiens by Louis VI. It is mentioned for the first time in an arbitral award issued by the chapter of Amiens in 1244.

Symbolising the independence of the commune, it was formerly used for meetings of the notables of the city and then as archive rooms, weapons store and prison. A spotter nearby monitored arrivals and warned the population of the external dangers. During the Middle Ages, the building was repeatedly engulfed by fire.

The belfry is composed of a base in white cut stone, built in the 15th century between 1406 and 1410, a stone superstructure bell tower built from 1749 with Baroque volutes at its base, and a dome covered with slate and then an arrow and a weather vane with a renown. At the time, a huge 11-ton bell was installed inside, it was later destroyed along with the dome (as a result of the melting of the copper component) in the bombardment and fire of the city on 19 May 1940. Abandoned and devoid of a roof since World War II, the monument was fully restored between February 1989 and July 1990.

Located on the Place au Fil, the old central square of the city before the arrival of the railway and the rise of the Rue des Trois Calloux, the belfry is adjacent to Les Halles and the back of the city hall.[102] At a height of 52 metres (171 ft), it rings every hour of the day.

Since July 2005, the belfry of Amiens (recorded in the inventory of Historic Monuments) is, as Notre Dame Cathedral, classed among the world heritage of UNESCO.

Cirque Jules-Verne

The municipal circus of Amiens in 1912, on the festival of Saint Jean.
The municipal circus of Amiens in 2006.

In 1845, the traditional fair of Saint-Jean, formerly held at Place René Goblet, was transferred to Place Longueville, a wide esplanade taking the place of the Longueville bastion since the demolition of the walls of the city in the early 19th century. Each year, a temporary circus was established on this occasion.

In 1865, a circus company emerged to claim a permanent circus, which would be built in wood by the Schytte contractor in 1874. However, expensive maintenance prompted the municipality to consider the construction of a new building. The decision was taken in 1886 under the leadership of Mayor Frédéric Petit and the work began.

The Chief Architect of the Somme, Émile Ricquier, a disciple of Gustave Eiffel, was responsible for its construction. It was inspired by the Cirque d'hiver of Paris but chose a cast metal frame, supplemented by brick from the local countryside. The architect of civil buildings, Charles Garnier, claimed that the frames should be hidden with a plaster imitating stone. The "moderninst" design of Ricquier, who chose to display the structure, and to favour local material such as brick, is visible at the rear of the monument.

With its 16-sided polygonal shape, with a diameter of 44 metres (144 ft), it includes lodges and stalls in its enclosure. Modern, it hosts two steam engines dedicated fully electric lights and central heating. Since its construction, it has also been the first circus which included a buffet and a refreshment bar. The cost of the construction of the building finally reached double the forecast.[103] In 1888, the new city councillor responsible for festivals and celebrations, Jules Verne, was responsible for monitoring the work, and it was he who opened it on Sunday 23 June 1889, for the opening of the fair and the centenary of the French Revolution:[104]

“ The new circus is a work of art that your municipal administration wanted to build with all of the enhancements of the modern industry. It is the most best, undoubtedly, it is also the most comprehensive with its facilities and equipment which have been built in France and abroad. ”
— Jules Verne

The roof was damaged by a shell in 1916. The circus was the setting for Federico Fellini's The Clowns (1971), and the film by Jean-Jacques Beineix, Roselyne et les lions (1989), with Isabelle Pasco as lead actress. The largest of the circuses of the province with its 3,000-seats, the building has acquired a multidisciplinary use for decades of performances of theatre, dance, concerts, galas, sports and public meetings.

Renovated in 2003, it now bears the name of Cirque Jules Verne. After hosting the performances of Cirque Rancy, it hosts resident Cirque Arlette Gruss.

Since 1 January 2011, the circus has been labelled "national hub circus and street arts", managed by an EPCC. It is one of seven in France and is still in use today.[105]

The house of Jules-Verne

In 1882, Jules Verne and his wife, Honorine, rented the house at the corner of Rue Charles-Dubois and Boulevard Longueville until 1900. Acquired in 1980 by the city, the house is labeled Maisons des Illustres by the Ministry of Culture. Restored in 2006, thanks to the work of the Centre international Jules-Verne, this 19th-century mansion, listed in the supplementary inventory of historic monuments, traces through the exhibition of more than 700 objects, the personality, the sources of inspiration and memories of Jules Verne.

Tour Perret

Main article: Tour Perret (Amiens)

Opposite the Gare d'Amiens, the neighborhood was rebuilt after having been razed by bombing in 1944, is located the Tour Perret (from the name of its architect Auguste Perret). Over 100 metres (330 ft) high, it was one of the first skyscrapers built in Europe, and the highest for a long time.[106]

The Church of Saint-Leu

This church was built at the end of the 15th century, on the model of the hall-churches. It is dedicated, as its district, to Saint Leu, referring to the 7th century bishop who was exiled to the Vimeu. It has three naves. A flamboyant portal adorns the base of the steeple. The latter, struck by lightning, had to be rebuilt at the beginning of the 16th century. The ends of beams are carved. Stone and wood statues date from the 17th century. The choir houses the glory of the Duthoit brothers.

Other notable buildings or monuments

Architecture from antiquity
Architecture from the Middle Ages
Architecture from the Renaissance
Architecture from the 17th and 18th centuries
Architecture from the 19th century
Architecture from the 20th century
Architecture from the 21st century

Environmental heritage

With 270 hectares (670 acres) of green space (excluding communal woodland)[126] 118,300 hectares (292,000 acres) of hortillonnages, 300 hectares (740 acres) of forests, 30 hectares (74 acres) of marshland, its river and its streams, Amiens proves to be green and blue city.

Floral City awarded the maximum score of 4 flowers in the floral contest of cities and villages of France,[127] it offers a particularly rich wooded heritage. 38,650 trees (excluding woodland),[128] of which 17,000 are situated on highways,[129] allowed it to win the national tree award. In 2014, the city ranked in the top 10 greenest cities of France.[130]

Presenting itself as a city concerned with the environment, Amiens has made the link between the city and nature a central axis of its metropolitan development project called Amiens 2030.[131]

The Hortillonages

Amiens is also known for the hortillonnages, gardens on small islands in over 300 hectares (740 acres) of marshland between the River Somme and River Avre, surrounded by a grid network of man-made canals (locally known as "rieux"). They are also known as the "floating gardens of Amiens".[132] The hortillonnages are sometimes called "Little Venice of the North", because of the canals.

Hortillon means market garden in Picard, and derives from the Latin hortillus, small garden. It is circulated in flat bottom boats, formerly called barque à cornet [Cornet boat], due to the very raised front, which allows the boats to easily dock on the fragile shores of the cultivated fields. It is the port of upstream, located at the foot of the cathedral where a weekly market is held on the water, although the arrival by boat of the growers can be accomplished only once a year, in summer.

Amiens Metropolitan Zoo

Prior to its opening in May 1952, the Amiens Zoo is a green space bordering the basin of the Park of the Hotoie. It was the mayor of the time, Maurice Vast, who decided to develop the site in 1949. Originally for entertainment venue, the zoo began its mission of conservation, education and research between 1970 and 1980. Between 1990 and 2000, the zoo was completely renovated and became a permanent member of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) in 2001 and the National Association of Zoological Parks (ANPZ) in 2002. Today, there are 300 animals, representing approximately 75 species from all continents, cohabiting on 6.5 hectares (16 acres).[133] They live in environments, which are close to their natural environment, favouring their well-being. In 2014, the zoo received 161,128 visitors.[134] Traditionally, entry is free on July 14, Bastille Day.

The main parks and gardens

The principal parks and gardens in the city.
  1. Parc Saint-Pierre, between the quarter of Saint-Leu and the Hortillonnages, poumon vert de 22 hectares (54 acres) in the heart of the city, which was awarded the Prix du Paysage in 2005.[135]
  2. Parc du Grand Marais, along the Somme Canal, to the west of the city. Covering over 25 hectares (62 acres), this park has many sports facilities: American football stadium, skate bowl, football field, play structures.
  3. Jardin des plantes originally called the Jardin du Roy. Created in 1751, it is the oldest garden of Amiens on the Boulevard du jardin des plantes
  4. Square Pierre Marie Saquez on Rue des Cordeliers
  5. Parc de l'Evéché d'Amiens, at the foot of the cathedral on Place Saint-Michel
  6. Jardin médiéval on Impasse Joron
  7. Square Beauregard on Rue Louis Thuillier
  8. Parc Jean Rostand on Rue Vulfran Warmé
  9. Parc du Château de Montières on Rue Baudoin d'Ailly
  10. Parc du Petit Marais on the Avenue des cygnes
  11. Square Paul Gauguin on the Avenue de la paix
  12. Parc de la Hotoie
  13. Marais des trois vaches
  14. Parc du Château blanc, on the Route de Rouen
  15. Bois Bonvallet
  16. Square de la rose des vents on Rue du Docteur Fafet
  17. Plaine Saint Ladre
  18. Parc Léon Pille on Rue de l'Agrappin
  19. Zoo d'Amiens on the Esplanade de la Hotoie
  20. Cimetière de la Madeleine, on Rue Saint Maurice
  21. Le Square Saint-Denis
  22. Square Montplaisir, on Place Joffre
  23. Square Aimé Césaire, on Boulevard de Belfort
  24. Clos Alexandre, jardin floral et paysager privé
  25. Cimetière Saint-Acheul, on Rue de Cagny
  26. Jardin archéologique de Saint-Acheul, on Rue de Boutillerie

Floral city: 4 flowers attributed since 2013 by the National Council of Cities and Villages of France for the competition of floral cities and villages.[136] The national Council of Cities and Villages awarded the 2012 National Tree Prize to the city for "its exceptional and innovative management of its wooded heritage" (37,000 trees, some more than a century old).[137]

Cultural heritage

Museums

Musée de Picardie
Musée de l'Hôtel de Berny
The House of Jules Verne from the Mail Albert 1st

Amiens was strongly tipped to host the Louvre II.[149]

Concert halls

The city has a number of concert spaces, mostly small venues, and pubs also host numerous concerts throughout the year.

Theatres

The House of Culture of Amiens

Cultural centres

Amiens Métropole has nine cultural centres which cover much of the metropolitan area: Six in various districts of Amiens, and three in the neighbouring communes of Longueau, Camon and Glisy. These outreach facilities working in the field of art and creation are openly oriented "venues". Open to all, they offer an eclectic programme: Parts of theatre and concerts, shows for young people and dance, projections of films, exhibitions, meetings and debates, etc. In 2013, they accommodated 48,000 people.[156]

Libraries

Libraries currently constitute a network of 28 facilities spread over the whole territory of the metropolis. The heart of this network is the Louis Aragon library, located on Rue de la République. Built between 1823 and 1826, it is one of the oldest municipal libraries in France.[165] It experienced several improvements, including campaigns of work between 1982 and 1993, which have endowed it with new spaces: Two auditoriums, a youth space, a library and an art library.[166]

Registration and borrowing is free for all of the people of Amiens in all libraries. Two libraries also provide service to quarters and the communes of the agglomeration, as well as the home delivery of documents for people with reduced mobility.

Cinemas

There are three cinemas:

Cultural events and festivals

Throughout the year, Amiens is the seat of many cultural, traditional or economic events.

The Royal de luxe company during the 28th Fête dans la ville in 2005.
The Festival Art, city and landscape in the Hortillonnages
Detail of the son et lumière show of Amiens, la cathédrale en couleurs.
The Grande Réderie d'Amiens
Amiens, la cathédrale en couleurs.
The Fête au bord de l'eau
The 13th Rendez-Vous de la Bande Dessinée d'Amiens in 2008.
The Gilles of Binche at the inauguration of the Christmas market in 2013.
The Un été en musique event at the Jules Bocquet bandstand.
Annual Events
Month Event Subject Number of editions (In 2015)
January Festival Tendance Europe This festival, organised by the Maison de la culture d'Amiens, is dedicated to contemporary creation. Programming highlights emerging European artists in a variety of areas: Theatre, dance, music, circus arts and visual arts. 9
February Salon des Antiquaires The Salon des Antiquaires of the city is held, every year, at the Megacity. Its reputation makes it one of the most important events of its kind in the north of the France. 12
March Festival du jeu et de l'imaginaire : À toi de Jouer This festival is dedicated to fun activities: Board games, card games, role plays, video games, comics, manga, etc. Many tournaments are organized during this event which takes place at Megacity. The first edition was held on 12 and 13 May 2012 with Simon Astier for sponsor. 4
Salon du chocolat et gourmandises en Picardie For three days at the Megacity, the fair offers demonstrations, parades, contests around the theme of chocolate and food in general. 5
April Grande réderie de printemps The Grande réderie de printemps (jumble sale) is a popular event that takes place twice a year: in spring (the last Sunday in April) and autumn (the first Sunday in October). After the Braderie de Lille, the Réderie of Amiens is the second largest event of its kind in France. It hosts more than 2,000 professional traders and individuals as well as 80,000 to 100,000 visitors to each edition.[171] -
May Leitura furiosa This festival, organized by the association "Cardan", offers various free activities relating to the world of words: Workshops calligraphy, typography, games writing, slam and shows. 23
June Foire Exposition de Picardie It takes place at the park of the congress and exhibitions of Amiens, the Megacity. During nine days, it hosts approximately 50,000 visitors, 300 exhibitors and more than 20 activities.[172] 76
Rendez-Vous de la Bande Dessinée d'Amiens This comic strip festival, organised by the association "Explorers on the bubble", is one of the most important comic strip festivals in France.[173] Created in 1996, it takes place each first weekend in June, in the University Library of the Cathedral hub. Various activities in connection with the festival are also organized at different places in the city. 20
Fête dans la ville This international festival of street theatre is also known under the name of "The street is in Amiens". Created in 1977, it invited 20 companies for four days of performances, parades, fairground theatre, circus, etc. in the streets of the city. 38
Marché sur l'eau Once a year, in the context of the "Festival in the city", the walking on water takes place as formerly. Growers (gardeners) in traditional costumes down the Somme with their boats loaded with fruit and vegetables from the hortillonnages. -
June to July Foire de la Saint Jean It is the largest funfair in the north of the France.[174] It takes place during 3 weeks between mid-June and mid-July on the esplanade of Hotoie. -
June to September Amiens, la cathédrale en couleurs Created in 1999, this son et lumière show is the first world.[175] Daily from mid-June to mid-September as well as in December, in the dark, the medieval colors of the portals of the façade of the cathedral are reborn thanks to projections of digital images. Since its inception, nearly two million people have attended the free event. 15
Un été en musique This summer event, conducted from June to September, offers a series of free concerts outdoors (at Place René Goblet and Place Gambetta, and the Jules Bocquet bandstand). Programming is mainly of local artists. -
June to October Festival Art, villes et paysage - Hortillonnages Amiens This festival, organized by the Maison de la culture d'Amiens, was born in 2010 under the heading "Imagine it now". He invited from young landscape, visual artists, architects and designers involved in the hortillonnages. In total, twenty artists facilities and landscaped gardens are located in several places in the "hortillonnages". These unusual works (floating sculptures, reinvented huts, diverted gardens, revisited gardens etc.) are visible either by walking track, boats from June to October. 6
July Voyage au cœur de l'été The event, which takes place every July in the Espace Dewailly. The programming consists of live performances around world cultures, traditions, folklore and modernity. 11
Bal du 14 juillet This ball takes place on the Place de l'hôtel de ville. It is followed by a fireworks display at the parc de la Hotoie. -
July to August Un été à Amiens This summer event, conducted by the city hall of Amiens, brings together four concepts spread across three sites in the city: "Amiens-les-Bains" (children) and "Beach Attitude" (adolescents) in the Parc Saint Pierre, "Zen Attitude" in Place Gambetta and "Sportez-vous bien" at Grand Marais. 2
August Défi Jules Verne This event, also known as "Montgolfiade", commemorates the first balloon flight (1873) of the most illustrious of the Amiens adoption: Jules Verne. Its uniqueness lies in the take-off of many balloons and unusual machines (between 20 and 30) from the Parc de la Hotoie. Music and readings of excerpts from novels by Jules Verne accompany their flight in the sky of the city. Subject to favourable weather conditions, this event takes place every month of August. 10
Bal de la libération This festive event, which is held at the Place de l'hôtel de ville, celebrates the liberation of the city on 31 August 1944. It joins the various commemorations and tributes traditionally organised there on this day. 6
September Fête au bord de l'eau This traditional festival, organised by the association "Jacobins Traditions and history", plunges the historic quarter of Saint-Leu into a medieval atmosphere for two days: Market and medieval camps, trades of yesteryear, parades in the streets and on the water, activities, etc. It is on this occasion that runs the popular tournament of water jousting of the city. Created in 1990, this free event takes place every second weekend of September and gathers an average of 80,000 visitors. 25
October Grande réderie d'automne The autumn edition of the Grande réderie d'Amiens is held every first Sunday in October. -
Ô mon Cloître Evolution of the Nuit Blanche (9 editions), this event is dedicated to the performing arts and visual arts and is held in the cloister of the grey nuns. 1
Festiv'Art This festival, held since 2006 by the association of "Free radicals", allows regional, national and international artists to find themselves on the same stage for an evening which is followed by street arts and circus, theatre, concerts and graphic services. 8
November Amiens International Film Festival This international film festival ranks among the five largest film festivals in France.[176] Created in 1980, it is held for nine days in November and records more than 60,000 entries each year. 35
Picardie Mouv This festival of musiques actuelles, organized by the Picardy regional Council, offers eclectic programming that mixes a collage of artists of international, national and local groups. 10
December Christmas Market of Amiens The largest Christmas market in the north of France,[177] it attracts over one million visitors each year.[178] The market consists of approximately 135 chalets in the city center and offers various animations (a Son et lumière show, Amiens, la cathédrale en couleurs, Ferris wheel, ice rink, village of Santa Claus, parades, rides, etc.). 18
Amiens, la cathédrale en couleurs Winter Edition of the Son et lumière show of the cathedral. -
Multi-annual Events
Month Event Subject Regularity Last edition (Number)
March Rencontres internationales Jules Verne These meetings, organised by the Centre international Jules-Verne, are held every two years since 1997. Biannual 2015 (10)

Amiens and music

The Rabeats

Even if it rarely achieves national notoriety (with the notable exceptions of Les Fatals Picards, The Rabeats, Olympe, Albin de la Simone, Disiz and Rokia Traoré), the Amiens music scene is active and developed. In this dynamic, the New French Rock scene holds a central place and is organised around a collective as Amiens Burning, which is responsible for networking the breeding ground for the local rock scene, to accompany it in its projects, and organise concerts.[179]

Since their creation, La Lune des Pirates or Cité Carter also provide support to the local scene. For example, the Cité Carter each year produces a compilation with the groups which repeat within its structure.[180]

Here is an overview of the Amiens music scene:

Classical music is represented by the Orchestre de Picardie and the University Orchestra of Picardy. Vocal practice is represented by the Regional Choir of Picardy, the University Choir of Picardie, and the Choir of France Picardy.

Once can also include the Harmony Saint-Pierre, a fanfare of 70 musicians, which has become a local institution since its inception in 1894.[181]

The city has the Conservatoire à rayonnement régional d'Amiens, seat of strong musical activity (framed by 70 teachers, an administrative and technical team with an additional 20 people).[182]

Amiens and literature

Amiens saw rise, over the centuries, major writers.[183] In the first half of the 17th century, Vincent Voiture, poet and letter writer, was the darling of the Précieuses for the fluidity of his style. In 1634, he was member of the 1st Académie française. In 1678, Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, nicknamed "the French Varro", published his Glossarium in 3 volumes. This glossary of medieval Latin is still authoritative today. In 1750, Jean Baptiste Gresset, playwright and poet, celebrated in his time and member of the Académie française, founded the Academy of Amiens which is still active today and he was named perpetual president.

In 1782, the Amiens native Choderlos de Laclos published Les Liaisons dangereuses where he staged a depraved nobility. Considered one of the masterpieces of 18th-century literature, the book has toured the world and is known as an Oscar-winning film adaptation.

“ Here I am quite citizen of Amiens. It seems to me that I was born. I live very happy, although uncomfortable to work. Amiens is a wise city, even-tempered, and the company is friendly and literate. It is near Paris, close enough to have the highlights without unbearable noise and bustle. ”
— Jules Verne
The signature of Jules Verne

In the 19th century, there was a brilliant literary life around the Académie des sciences, des lettres et des arts d'Amiens with historian Albéric de Calonne and the Yvert family. However, the great name of Amiens literary life is Jules Verne. He animated all intellectual activity, giving balls and parties, while his wife held a famous salon. He often attended the library of the industrial society, which subscribed to numerous scientific journals. A member of the Academy of Sciences, Letters and Arts of Amiens from 8 March 1872, he was elected Director in 1875, and in 1881 and, on this occasion, he delivered several speeches of welcome, especially for one of his friends, Amiens cartoonist Gédéon Baril, who signed illustrations of Dix heures en chasse with Hetzel. Engaged in local life, he was Councillor of Amiens from 1888 to 1904. He was closely interested in the affairs of the city, wrote many reports on the theatre and brought its support to the construction of the municipal circus.

Amiens does appear explicitly in his novels but there are however characteristic elements of the city such as the cathedral and the river. This is the case, for example, for the imaginary city of Ragz in Le secret de Wilhem Storitz. In the novel Une fantaisie du docteur Ox, the inhabitants of the fictional town of Virgamen, the Virgamenois, refer directly to the Amiénois and their prudent nature.[184]

In 1875, he delivered before the Academy of Sciences, Letters and Arts of Amiens a speech entitled "An ideal city: Amiens in the year 2000" where he portrays himself wandering in a forward-thinking city of Amiens. Since then, the city has built a tourist route from this text.

He died in Amiens in 1905, and he deeply marked the town's footprint, so that today many places, monuments and events bear his name. He rests at La Madeleine cemetery where one can read on his tomb: Vers l'immortalité et l’éternelle jeunesse. [Towards immortality and eternal youth].

“ Such as it is with his distinctive smile, how much I love the Golden Virgin, with her smile of heavenly hostess; how much I love its home at the door of the Cathedral in its adornment exquisite and simple of hawthorns. ”
— Marcel Proust (about the portal of the Virgin Golden of the Cathedral of Amiens)

In 1885, Englishman John Ruskin published the Bible of Amiens, which was translated into French, extensively annotated and prefaced, in 1904, by Marcel Proust. This book dedicated to Notre-Dame d'Amiens was the opportunity for Proust to recall his admiration for the English author and the Cathedral of Amiens.

“ I would like to give the reader the desire and the means to spend a day at Amiens in a sort of Ruskinesque pilgrimage. It was not worth starting by asking him to go to Florence or Venice, when Ruskin wrote a whole book on Amiens. ”
— Marcel Proust

In the second half of the 19th century, Jules Barni, Member of Parliament for the Somme, Associate Professor of philosophy and brilliant scholar translated Kant's work in French and thus enabled its dissemination in France.

A native of Amiens, Paul Bourget published Le Disciple in 1889, novel today considered his major work. He was elected, 5 years later, to the Académie française.

Born in Sainte-Anne district in 1885, Roland Dorgelès published Les Croix de bois in 1919. A masterpiece written from his notes taken at the Front, the novel won the Prix Femina the same year. Though capable of obtaining the Prix Goncourt, it was beaten by À l'ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs of Marcel Proust, 6 votes against 4. A member of the Académie Goncourt in 1929, he was elected president in 1954 until his death in 1973.[185]

In 1926, the Amiens native Henri Deberly, won the Prix Goncourt with Le Supplice de Phèdre, a novel inspired by his home city.

Amiens and cinema

Several films or scenes from films were shot in Amiens and its surroundings.[186]

Amiens and comics

Amiens is a stronghold of comics in France. A whole generation of designers and Amiens writers make the city an important creative centre of the 9th art. The main actors in this generation, include Régis Hautière, Norédine Allam who notably led the recolouring of the 33 Asterix albums in the framework of the project "The great collection" and also Antoine Dodé, David François, Fraco, Hardoc, Greg Blondin, Nicolas Hitori De, etc.[189]

The city was also the birthplace or home of big names in the comic strip universe, such as the Amiens native Joseph Pinchon, creator of the character of Bécassine; Paul Gillon, winner of the Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême and also Philippe Thirault.

Actor of this dynamic around the BD, the association On a marché sur la bulle [Explorers on the bubble] organises the Rendez-vous de la bande dessinée d'Amiens, one of the greatest French comic festivals.[190] Active throughout the territory, the structure also manages a resource centre and has an editorial department with the Éditions de la Gouttière.

Regional culture

Main articles: Picard language and [[:Literature in Picard]]

Gastronomic specialities

During December, the town hosts the largest Christmas market in northern France.[192] Amiens, in the image of the Picardy region, has a rich gastronomic heritage.[193] Here are some of the specialities:[194]

Amiens is known for a few local foods, including "macarons d'Amiens", small, round-shaped biscuit-type macaroons made from almond paste, fruit and honey, which were first recorded in 1855;[195] "tuiles amienoises", chocolate and orange curved "tuiles" or biscuits; Pâté de canard d'Amiens - duck pate in pastry, made since the 17th century;[196] and "la ficelle Picarde", an oven-baked cheese-topped crêpe with ham and mushroom filling,[192][197] then topped with fresh cream flavoured with nutmeg, white pepper, and sprinkled with grated cheese before being browned in the oven. The region is also known for "flamiche aux poireaux", a puff pastry tart made with leeks and cream.[198]

Other dishes include:

  • The soup des hortillons: A spring soup which, as its name suggests, originated in the hortillonnages and their vegetable wealth.
  • The bisteu or bigalan: Potatoes, onions and bacon pie.
  • The Andouillette amiénoise: Pork dumpling mixed with a panade and onions.
  • Beignet d'Amiens so-called pets d'âne [donkey pets]: Small round doughnuts and fried fresh goat's cheese and beef marrow.
  • The Gâteau battu: Golden yellow brioche crumbs and with an aerated texture, it is rich in eggs and butter.
  • The galopin: A French toast made from brioche bread cooked like a big pancake.
  • The Picardy rabotte: Apple wrapped and baked in a puff pastry.
  • The Dariole of Amiens: A popular pastry from the 18th century, topped with a cream with almonds.
  • Amiens barley sugar.

The Summer Rambo apple cultivar originated near Amiens in the 16th century.

Personalities and athletes linked to the commune

Personalities linked to the commune

Statue of Peter the Hermit by Gédéon de Forceville, near to the cathedral.
Jean-Baptiste Gresset
Choderlos de Laclos
Jules Verne
Olivier Blanchard
Jean-Pierre Pernaut and his wife
Laurent Delahousse in 2013
Emmanuel Macron in 2014
The minister Najat Vallaud-Belkacem in June 2012

Sportspeople linked to the commune

Other personalities linked to the city

Heraldry, logo and motto

 The arms of Amiens are blazoned :
"Of gules to ivy of argent, the chief azure sown of fleurs-de-lis Or."

Motto: "Liliis tenaci vimine jungor",[212] which means 'a strong bond unites the lilies'.

Amiens, a fortress city, suffered attacks and resisted, staying French. Its coat of arms symbolise this attachment to France, commitment symbolised by ivy, the France being symbolised by the seedlings of fleurs-de-lis authorised by the Kings of France.[213]
 In the full arms of the city, holding and support are two unicorns, support is of acanthus leaves, while the crest is a castle keep of five parts. The two figures emblazoned in the arms of Amiens are lily and ivy, which today still decorate the city logo. The unicorn is a symbol of the knightly virtues of purity and attraction to beauty and delicacy. Even today, the unicorn makes a number of references in the city: The eponymous stadium, the coat of arms of the Amiens football team as well as the award of the Amiens International Film Festival.[214]
Logo of the city of Amiens

In 1991, the municipality formed around Gilles de Robien designed a new logo, incorporating the Fleur-de-lis and the Ivy leaf present on the coat of arms, placed side by side in red with a background of grey or white, depending on usage.

See also

Culture

Economy

Education

  • Académie d'Amiens
  • Conservatoire à rayonnement régional d'Amiens
  • École supérieure d'art et de design d'Amiens
  • École supérieure de commerce d'Amiens
  • ESIEE Amiens
  • University of Picardie (or University of Picardie Jules-Verne, UPJV)

History

Parks and gardens

  • Bois Bonvallet
  • Cimetière de La Madeleine (Amiens)
  • Cimetière Saint-Acheul
  • Clos Alexandre (Amiens)
  • Hortillonnages d'Amiens
  • Archaeological garden of Saint-Acheul
  • Jardin des plantes d'Amiens
  • List of memorials and military cemeteries of Somme
  • Parc de l'Evéché d'Amiens
  • Parc de la Hotoie
  • Parc du château de Montières
  • Parc du Grand Marais d'Amiens
  • Parc Jean-Rostand
  • Parc Saint-Pierre (Amiens)
  • Square Saint-Denis d'Amiens
  • Zoo d'Amiens

Architectural heritage

  • Beffroi d'Amiens
  • Amiens Cathedral
  • Château de Montières
  • Citadelle d'Amiens
  • Église Saint-Germain-l'Écossais d'Amiens
  • Église Saint-Leu d'Amiens
  • Église Saint-Rémi d'Amiens
  • Église Sainte-Anne d'Amiens
  • Hôtel particulier Bouctôt Vagniez
  • List of historic monuments in Amiens
  • Moulin Passe-Avant
  • Tour Perret

Politics and administration

Sport

Transport

Notes

  1. ↑ Work had also been delayed, because some people wanted to "preserve the cathedral", the situation was exceptional.
  2. ↑ Mesolithic going from 9600 to 5500 BCE.
  3. ↑ This is the current Paris–Lille railway, which hasn't passed through the station of Amiens since March 1849, the month a direct connection to Longueau was commissioned.
  4. ↑ This is the current Longueau–Boulogne railway.
  5. ↑ Composed of 4th Regiment of the Maroccan Spahis and of the 6e régiment de spahis algériens.
  6. ↑ Composed of 7th Cavalry Regiment and of the 6th and 7th group of armoured cars.
  7. ↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the terms of census have been amended by Act No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, called "grassroots democracy law" on the democracy of proximity and in particular Title V "of census operations", in order, after a power transition period from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For municipalities with populations greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is carried out annually, the entire territory of these municipalities is included at the end of the same period of five years. The first post-legal population from 1999, and fitting in the new system which came into force on 1 January 2009, is the census of 2006.
  8. ↑ In the census table, by Wikipedia convention, the principle was retained for subsequent legal populations since 1999 not to display the census populations in the table corresponding to the year 2006, the first published legal population calculated according to the concepts defined in Decree No. 2003-485 of 5 June 2003, and the years corresponding to an exhaustive census survey for municipalities with less than 10,000 inhabitants, and the years 2006, 2011, 2016, etc. For municipalities with more than 10,000, the latest legal population is published by INSEE for all municipalities.
  9. ↑ The concentration of employment indicator equals the number of jobs in the area per 100 people in active employment residing in the area, according to the Insee definition.
  10. ↑ He lived for 18 years in a mansion located in Henriville, which includes an observatory atop a tower. His house, now classified as an Historical Monument, was acquired by the city of Amiens in 1980. Reopened on24 March 2006 after a year of work, the Jules Verne House is a museum. The University of Picardie is called "Jules Verne". A viaduct east of the city and a lecture hall of ESIEE also bear his name.

References

INSEE

  1. ↑ LOG T1M - Évolution du nombre de logements par catégorie
  2. ↑ LOG T2 - Catégories et types de logements
  3. ↑ LOG T7 - Résidences principales selon le statut d'occupation
  4. ↑ POP T3 - Population par sexe et âge en 2009.
  5. ↑ REV T1 - Impôts sur le revenu des foyers fiscaux.
  6. ↑ EMP T1 - Population de 15 à 64 ans par type d'activité.
  7. ↑ EMP T5 - Emploi et activité.
  8. ↑ CEN T1 - Active establishments by sector of activity on 31 December 2010.
  9. ↑ DEN T1 - Créations d'entreprises par secteur d'activité en 2011.
  10. ↑ DEN T2 - Créations d'entreprises individuelles par secteur d'activité en 2011.

Other references

  1. ↑ "Répertoire géographique des communes 2012". Institut géographique national. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  2. ↑ Tissot, Nathalie (20 February 2015). "SNCF : quels sont les chantiers prévus en Picardie en 2015 ?". France 3 Picardie.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "PDU - Plan de déplacements urbains - Amiens Métropole - 2013-2023". amiens.fr. 19 December 2013.
  4. ↑ Trentesaux, Jacques (16 October 2008). "Le difficile pari de Demailly". L'Express.
  5. ↑ Richard, Delphine (9 March 2009). "Le stationnement en huit questions". Le Courrier picard.
  6. ↑ "Stationnement résidentiel". amiens.fr. 21 August 2014.
  7. ↑ Jean-Marie Fouré, Amiens, du tram au bus, édition du Moulin-Alidor.
  8. ↑ "Le TCSP, atout majeur de qualité de vie et d’attractivité pour Amiens Métropole.". amiens.fr. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012.
  9. ↑ "ALe tramway amiénois toujours au cœur des débats". Le Courrier picard. 8 April 2014.
  10. ↑ "Amiens (80): "Aucune forme de tram pendant mon mandat" selon Brigitte Fouré". picardie.france3.fr. 11 April 2014.
  11. ↑ "AMIENS Pas de tramway durant le mandat de Brigitte Fouré selon un tweet". courrier-picard.fr. 11 April 2014.
  12. ↑ Richard, Delphine (28 December 2014). "AMIENS Tant d’études pour rester à quai". courrier-picard.fr.
  13. ↑ Thiébault, Estelle (19 December 2014). "AMIENS Le bus à haut niveau de service avance". courrier-picard.fr.
  14. 1 2 Benoit Delespierre, Longueau, l'autre gare d'Amiens, Courrier picard, 11 avril 2013.
  15. ↑ This expression, which dates from before 2004, is due to a Socialist politician from the Haute-Vienne, Jacques Santrot, the expression which was then adopted by a geographer, Jean-François Troin, which also cited the TGV stations of Vendôme, Mâcon, and Le Creusot. "Analyse de l’impact du TGV-Est sur les agglomérations de Metz, Nancy, Épinal et Thionville" (PDF). 16 November 2004. p. 33. rapport de phase 2, I.S.I.S. Ingénierie.
  16. ↑ "TGV Picardie-Roissy: le ministre des Transports valide le projet". Le Courrier picard. 1 May 2013.
  17. ↑ "Amiens, Un écoquartier en projet à Montières". Le Moniteur (5510). 3 July 2009. E.G.
  18. ↑ Gaetner, Gilles (20 September 2012). "La guerre d’Amiens a bien eu lieu". Valeurs actuelles.
  19. ↑ Boulnois, Alain (2008). "L’Amiénoise". le site du centre régional de documentation pédagogique de l’académie d’Amiens.
  20. ↑ "Le projet métropolitain Amiens 2030". amiens.fr.
  21. ↑ "Amiens Gare La Vallée". projet Gare-la-Vallée. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012.
  22. ↑ Boudard, Alexandre (5 October 2014). "Construction de logements revue à la baisse à la ZAC Intercampus d’Amiens". Le Courrier picard.
  23. ↑ "ZAC Intercampus sur le site d'Amiens Aménagement".
  24. ↑ "ZAC Paul Claudel sur le site d'Amiens Aménagement".
  25. ↑ "ZAC Renancourt". Amiens Aménagement.
  26. ↑ Fouquet, Jean-Christophe (11 February 2015). "Transport : le BHNS, cerise sur le gâteau des Assises". amiens.fr.
  27. ↑ Chaurand, Jacques; Lebègue, Maurice (1990). Noms de lieux de Picardie. Condé-sur-Noireau: Bonneton. p. 35. ISBN 978-2-86253-265-3.
  28. ↑ "Le jardin archéologique Saint-Acheul à Amiens". amiens-tourisme.com. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  29. ↑ "Jardin archéologique de Saint-Acheul, Amiens, Ville d’Art et d’Histoire". culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  30. ↑ "Rapport d'activité 2006" (PDF). Inrap. p. 102.
  31. ↑ Placenames of the world: origins and ... – Google Books. Books.google.ca. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  32. ↑ Gérard Coulon, Les Gallo-Romains : vivre, travailler, croire, se distraire - de 54 av. J.-C. à 486 ap. J.-C.. Paris, Ed. Errance, 2006, Collection Hespérides, ISBN 978-2-87772-331-2, p.21.
  33. ↑ "Rapport d'activité 2006 de l’Inrap" (PDF). p. 103.
  34. 1 2 3 4 5
  35. ↑ Maddicott, John (1994). Simon de Montfort. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 257–8. ISBN 0-521-37493-6.
  36. ↑ "Translation result for http://www.jules-verne.net/". Babelfish.yahoo.com. Retrieved 14 March 2011. External link in |title= (help)
  37. ↑ Collectif, « Amiens Ville d’Art et d’Histoire – le guide ». «De la Belle Époque à la Première Guerre mondiale (1900-1918)», éditions du patrimoine, centre des monuments nationaux, 2007, pp.36-38.
  38. ↑ "Le Tourisme dans la Somme". Uk.somme-tourisme.com. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  39. ↑ Benoît Delespierre, Lorsqu'Amiens accueillait son "village sénégalais", Le Courrier picard of 7 April 2013.
  40. ↑ "Le Grand Prix fête son centenaire". Le Courrier picard. 12 July 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  41. ↑ Reading Room Manchester. "Commonwealth War Graves Commission – ST. PIERRE CEMETERY, AMIENS – Historical Information". Cwgc.org. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
  42. ↑ "Australians on the Western Front – France 1918: Defence of Amiens". Ww1westernfront.gov.au. 1918-09-07. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
  43. ↑ "History of War – Rickard, J (5 September 2007), ''Battle of Amiens, 8 August-3 September 1918''". Historyofwar.org. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  44. ↑ Albert Chatelle, Amiens pendant la guerre 1914-1918.
  45. ↑ "Major L. F. Ellis, ''THE WAR IN FRANCE AND FLANDERS, 1939–1940'', HMSO 1954 (p.80)". Ibiblio.org. 1940-05-20. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
  46. ↑ Osborne, Dan. "7th Battlion Royal Sussex Regiment: May 1940". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
  47. ↑ "La rafle du 4 janvier 1944 commémorée hier". Le Courrier picard. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
  48. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20110716121241/http://spitfiresite.com/2010/03/operation-jericho.html. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2010. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  49. ↑ "The National Collection of Aerial Photography: Sortie 106G/3133 – Longueau railway depot". Aerial.rcahms.gov.uk. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
  50. ↑ "IWM Collections – 30TH CORPS CAPTURES AMIENS". Iwm.org.uk. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
  51. ↑ Joseph Abram, L'Architecture moderne en France. Du chaos à la croissance, 1940-1966, éd. Picard, 1999, p.28-31.
  52. ↑ Antoine Caux, Jean-Christophe Fouquet et Nicolas Lejeune, « 2008, souvenirs de mai », JDA Métropole no.487 of 28 May 2008.
  53. ↑ "Amiens Gare la Vallée" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-21.
  54. ↑ "L2121-2". legifrance.gouv.fr.
  55. ↑ "Liste des élus au conseil municipal d'Amiens.".
  56. ↑ "Résultats municipales 2014: Amiens rebascule une nouvelle fois". Huffington Post. 30 March 2014.
  57. ↑ Code de la sécurité sociale, art. R. 143-16, issued with the décret no.2003-614 of 3 July 2003.
  58. 1 2 3 "Atlas français de la coopération décentralisée et des autres actions extérieures". Ministère des Affaires étrangères. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
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  62. ↑ "Villes jumelles". Communauté d'agglomération. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
  63. ↑ "Amiens et Mianyang renouent leurs relations". amiens.fr. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
  64. ↑ "Nom des habitants des communes françaises". habitants.fr of Lionel Delvarre.
  65. ↑ "Amiens". EHESS. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
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  67. ↑ "Évolution et structure de la population" (PDF). INSEE.
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Further reading

 : Document used as a source for the drafting of this article.

  • Estienne, Jean; Vasselle, François (1967). Le Bel Amiens [The beautiful Amiens]. Picardie (in French). Amiens: Martelle éditions. p. 203. ISBN 2-87890-014-6. 
  • Roy, Paule; Duvanel, Maurice (1988). Amiens : De Daguerre à Jules Verne, 1849-1905 [Amiens: De Daguerre to Jules Verne, 1849-1905] (in French). Amiens: Éditions Poiré-Choquet. p. 155. ISBN 978-2-9502147-2-0. 
  • Breitman, Marc; Krier, Rob (1989). Le Nouvel Amiens [The new Amiens]. Villes (in French). Bruxelles: Mardaga/Institut Français d'Architecture. p. 471. ISBN 2-87009-368-3. 
  • Trogneux, Alain (1991). Amiens entre deux guerres : Fêtes, spectacles et distractions [Amiens between two wars: parties, performances and entertainments]. Hier (in French). Amiens: Encrage Éditions. p. 208. ISBN 2-906389-29-3. 
  • Barbier, Bruno (1992). La grande guerre à Amiens [The great war in Amiens]. Hier (in French). Amiens: Encrage Éditions. p. 192. ISBN 2-906389-39-0. 
  • Cultru, Hervé (1994). Amiens "Belle Epoque". Vie culturelle et artistique [Amiens "Belle Époque". Cultural and artistic life]. Hier (in French). Amiens: Encrage Éditions. p. 160. ISBN 2-906389-56-0. 
  • Mabire, Pierre; Ropars, Claude; Héritier, Jacques (1995). Amiens Mémoire [Amiens memory]. mémoire (in French). Edi Loire. p. 128. ISBN 978-2-84084-030-5. 
  • Bondois, Olivier (1996). Les banques à Amiens à l'époque de Jules Verne [Amiens banks at the time of Jules Verne]. Revue Jules Verne (in French). Centre International Jules Verne. pp. 90–103. 
  • Trogneux, Alain (1997). Amiens, années 50 : De la Libération à la Ve République [Amiens, 50s: from Liberation until the Fifth Republic]. Hier (in French). Amiens: Encrage Éditions. p. 224. ISBN 2-906389-83-8. 
  • Curie, Michel; Cry, Didier (1999). Amiens au fil du regard [Amiens over look] (in French). Amiens: Martelle éditions. p. 111. ISBN 978-2-87890-074-3. 
  • Trogneux, Alain (2000). Amiens, années 60 : Naissance d'une capitale régionale [Amiens, 1960s: birth of a regional capital]. Hier (in French). Amiens: Encrage Éditions. p. 224. ISBN 2-911576-25-X. 
  • Delattre, Daniel; Delattre, Emmanuel (2005). Amiens, ses rues, ses faubourgs [Amiens, its streets, its suburbs] (in French). Éditions Delattre. p. 192. ISBN 978-2-915907-15-5. 
  • Carpi, Olivier (2005). Une République imaginaire : Amiens pendant les troubles de religion (1559-1597) [An imaginary Republic: Amiens during the troubles of religion (1559-1597)]. Histoire et société (in French). Belin. p. 254. ISBN 2-7011-3239-8. 
  • Groseil, Véronique (2005). Amiens Jardins [Amiens Gardens] (in French). Amiens: Éditions Librairie du Labyrinthe. p. 144. ISBN 2-9523061-2-5. 
  • Beauvalet, Scarlett; Hurpin, Gérard (2005). Amiens à l'époque moderne (1500-1850) : Aspects d'une société urbaine en Picardie [Amiens at the modern era (1500-1850): Aspects of an urban society in Picardy]. Hier (in French). Amiens: Encrage Éditions. p. 336. ISBN 2-911576-60-8. 
  • Ruffin, François (2006). Quartier Nord [North quarter] (in French). Fayard. p. 517. ISBN 2-213-62901-3. 
  • Lando, Pascal; Poiret, Emmanuelle (2007). Amiens et le pays de Somme [Amiens and the Lands of Somme]. Tranches de France (in French). Paris: Éditions Déclics. p. 80. ISBN 2-84768-098-5. 
  • Bailly, Xavier; Gauthier, Karine (2007). Amiens, ville d'art et d'histoire [Amiens, city of art and history] (in French). Éditions du patrimoine, Centre des monuments nationaux. p. 144. ISBN 2-85822-933-3. 
  • Barbedor, Isabelle; Lefébure, Thierry (2008). Églises et chapelles des siecles XIXe et XXe (Amiens métropole) [Churches and chapels of the 19th and 20th centuries (Amiens metropole)]. Parcours du Patrimoine (in French). Lyon: Éditions lieux-Dits. p. 72. ISBN 2-914528-47-7. 
  • Duvanel, Maurice; Mabire, Pierre (2008). Les Amiénois : De la terre et de l'eau [Amiens: of the earth and water] (in French). Crèvecœur-le-Grand: Éditions du Moulin-Alidor. p. 143. ISBN 978-2-917190-03-6. 
  • Duvanel, Maurice; Mabire, Pierre (2008). Les Amiénois : A pied, à cheval, en avion [The Amiens: On foot, on horseback, by plane] (in French). Crèvecœur-le-Grand: Éditions du Moulin-Alidor. p. 143. ISBN 978-2-917190-05-0. 
  • Duvanel, Maurice; Mabire, Pierre (2009). Les Amiénois : Des rires, du sang, des larmes [Amiens: Laughs, blood, tears] (in French). Crèvecœur-le-Grand: Éditions du Moulin-Alidor. p. 144. ISBN 978-2-917190-06-7. 
  • Duvanel, Maurice; Mabire, Pierre (2009). Les Amiénois : De l'ombre à la lumière [Amiens: Shadow in the light] (in French). Crèvecœur-le-Grand: Éditions du Moulin-Alidor. p. 143. ISBN 978-2-917190-08-1. 
  • Fouré, Jean-Marie (2009). Amiens : du Tram au Bus [Amiens: Of the tram to Bus] (in French). Crèvecœur-le-Grand: Éditions du Moulin-Alidor. p. 96. ISBN 2-917190-07-8. 
  • Dourouri, Kaltoume (2009). Amiens d'Antan : Amiens à travers la carte postale ancienne [Yesteryear Amiens: Amiens through old postcards]. La France d'antan (in French). HC Éditions. p. 110. ISBN 2-35720-007-3. 
  • Tillier, Claude; Delautre, Franck (2011). Amiens à l'heure bleue [Amiens to the blue hour] (in French). Engelaere Éditions. p. 72. ISBN 2-917621-11-7. 
  • Delattre-Arnould, Nathalie; Delattre, Daniel (2012). Les rues d'Amiens, promenade dans le temps, Tome 1, les rues de A à D [The streets of Amiens, walk in time, volume 1, the streets of A to D] (in French). Éditions Delattre. p. 96. ISBN 2-364640-16-4. 
  • Leleux, Philippe (2012). Hortillonnages et hortillons [Vegetable farming and farms] (in French). Amiens: Éditions Librairie du Labyrinthe. p. 80. ISBN 978-2-918397-07-6. 
  • Bou, Pierre (2012). 12 juillet 1913 : Le Grand Prix de l'Automobile Club de France [July 12, 1913: The Grand Prix of the Automobile Club of France]. Amiens un jour (in French). Amiens: Encrage Éditions. p. 96. ISBN 978-2-36058-034-7. 
  • Roger, Delphine (2013). Histoire d'une ville: Amiens [History of a city: Amiens]. série parcours d'Histoire (in French). Centre régional de documentation pédagogique d'Amiens. p. 161. ISBN 2-86615-391-X. 
  • Tixier, Nicolas (2013). Amiens 2030 : Le quotidien en projets [Amiens 2030: The daily projects] (in French). Bazar Urbain éditions. p. 490. ISBN 978-2-9545249-0-0. 
  • Sanchez, Manuel; Bouton, Solène; Dourouri, Kaltoume (2013). Amiens : Grand Amiénois - Circuit du souvenir 1914-1918 [Amiens: Grand Amiénois - Circuit of remembrance 1914-1918]. Cartoville (in French). Paris: Gallimard Loisirs. p. 52. ISBN 978-2-7424-3527-2. 
  • Trogneux, Alain (2014). Amiens, années 70 : La fin des Trente Glorieuses [Amiens, 1970s: The end of the "Glorious Thirty"]. Hier (in French). Amiens: Encrage Éditions. p. 224. ISBN 978-2-36058-040-8. 

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