André Boisclair

André Boisclair
Boisclair debating in 2005
Leader of the Opposition
In office August 21, 2006 – May 26, 2007
Preceded by	Louise Harel
Succeeded by	Mario Dumont
Leader of the Parti Québécois
In office November 15, 2005 – May 8, 2007
Preceded by	Louise Harel (interim)
Succeeded by	François Gendron (interim)
MNA for Pointe-aux-Trembles
In office August 14, 2006 – November 15, 2007
Preceded by	Nicole Léger
Succeeded by	Nicole Leger
MNA for Gouin
In office September 25, 1989 – August 17, 2004
Preceded by	Jacques Rochefort
Succeeded by	Nicolas Girard
Minister of the Environment
In office 2002 – April 2003
Preceded by	Paul Bégin
Succeeded by	Thomas Mulcair
Personal details
Born	April 14, 1966 Montreal, Quebec
Political party	Parti Québécois
Alma mater	Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf Harvard Kennedy School
Profession	Politician

André Boisclair (French pronunciation: ​[ɑ̃dʁe bwaklɛʁ]; born April 14, 1966 in Montreal, Quebec) is a politician in Quebec, Canada. He was the leader of the Parti Québécois, a social democratic and sovereigntist party in Quebec.

Between January 1996 and March 2003, Boisclair served as Citizenship and Immigration Minister and Social Solidarity Minister under former Premier of Quebec Lucien Bouchard and as Environment Minister under former Premier Bernard Landry. He won the Parti Québécois leadership election on November 15, 2005.

Boisclair announced he was stepping down as leader of the PQ on May 8, 2007.^[1] François Gendron was named interim leader.

Early life

Boisclair grew up in the affluent francophone Montreal neighbourhood of Outremont. While attending Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf, a private CEGEP, he became the president of the Federation of Quebec College Students (in French, FECQ). After graduation he attended Université de Montréal, but dropped out after two years.

Political scene 1989–2003

He joined the Parti Québécois in 1984, and in the 1989 general election he was elected to represent the Montreal-area riding of Gouin as a PQ candidate. At 23 years old, he became the youngest member ever elected to the Quebec National Assembly, a record he held until Simon-Pierre Diamond was elected in 2007. He also quickly garnered a reputation as a party animal in Quebec City's night-life scene.^[2]

He served as a cabinet minister from 1998 to 2003, under Parti Québécois (PQ) Premiers Lucien Bouchard and Bernard Landry, holding a variety of high profile portfolios. During his time in office, Boisclair and his chief of staff, Luc Doray, became the center of a drug and embezzlement scandal. After a routine audit, officials discovered that Doray submitted over $30,000 in false expense reports and authorities later discovered that Doray had used the money to feed his cocaine habit.^[3]

Doray plead guilty to defrauding the government and during court testimony it was learned that Boisclair authorized some of the expenses.^[3][4] The ensuing investigation cleared Boisclair of any wrongdoing - he was never accused nor charged with any crime. However, in September 2005, Boisclair admitted to personally using cocaine between 1996 and 2003 while serving as a member of the Quebec legislature.

Boisclair continued to serve as a Member of the National Assembly until he resigned in August 2004 to attend the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. At the time of his resignation, Boisclair held the position of opposition parliamentary (house) leader. Boisclair completed the Master's in Public Administration program at the John F. Kennedy School of Government - a program that does not require students to hold a previous university degree. While at Harvard, Boisclair attended lectures by Michael Ignatieff and kept a blog recording his experience.

Party leadership

After Bernard Landry resigned in June 2005, Boisclair entered the race to succeed Landry as the PQ's leader. Elected as the sixth leader of the Parti Québécois on November 15, 2005, Boisclair earned 53.8% of the party membership vote as compared to his closest rival, Pauline Marois, who garnered 30.6%. For the first time, the PQ allowed telephone voting, resulting in the participation of over 76% of the party membership. Polls taken at the time of his leadership victory in November 2005 suggested that Boisclair's Parti Québécois would win a landslide victory over the incumbent Liberal Party of Jean Charest.

Boisclair was the first openly gay politician in Canada to win the leadership of a party with legislative representation. (Previous openly gay Canadian political party leaders included Chris Lea of the Green Party of Canada and Allison Brewer of the New Brunswick New Democratic Party.)

After his election as party leader, Boisclair delivered a speech promising a sovereignty referendum within two years of a PQ victory in the next Quebec general election. During a joint press conference with Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe in Montreal on November 20, 2005, Boisclair decried Canada's Clarity Act as unacceptable. He stated that if elected Premier, he would ignore the ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada on referendum question clarity.

Upon taking the reins of the PQ, Boisclair's actions quickly created political controversy within his own party. After a questionable appearance in a comedy sketch featuring a homosexual depiction of Stephen Harper and George W. Bush, and an attempt to distance the PQ from its traditional union base, a push to oust Boisclair developed. Purportedly led by Boisclair's predecessor, Bernard Landry (which he denies), the plan failed and no real threat to Boisclair's leadership emerged. Pundits speculated that the proximity of the Quebec general election contributed to the putsch's failure.

On August 14, 2006, Boisclair was elected to the provincial legislative assembly in a by-election for the Montreal-area riding of Pointe-aux-Trembles. He was re-elected in the general election of March 26, 2007.

2007 election

In February 2007, Boisclair promised a dream team of high profile candidates for the anticipated 2007 general election. Comparing his slate to the l'équipe du tonnerre (the thunder team) of former premier and Quiet revolution architect Jean Lesage, Boiscair announced that actor Pierre Curzi, former cabinet member Linda Goupil, TV journalist Bernard Drainville, academic Guy Lachapelle, union leader Marc Laviolette, and former Bloc Québécois MPs Richard Marceau and Yvan Loubier composed this team. On February 21, 2007 the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, Lise Thibault, dissolved parliament and called a general election for March 26, 2007.

Boisclair launched his campaign using the slogan "Reconstruisons notre Québec" (Let's rebuild our Quebec). At the beginning of the campaign, Boisclair's Parti Québécois stood five percentage points behind the Quebec Liberals.

Boisclair stated throughout his campaign that education would remain a key priority in the PQ's election strategy and that he would organize a new referendum on sovereignty as soon as possible. He also supported new measures targeting home ownership for young families.

During the election campaign, controversy arose when radio talk show host Louis Champagne made homophobic remarks while interviewing Parti Québécois candidate Alexandre Cloutier, asking him if the fact that his party was led by a gay man — and was running an openly gay candidate, Sylvain Gaudreault, in the neighbouring riding to Cloutier's — meant that voters would believe the Parti Québécois was "a club of fags".^[5] Days later, the radio station's corporate owner, the Corus Group, suspended Champagne.

Most observers ruled the 2007 leaders' debate a draw. Critics felt that Boisclair appeared the most aggressive, repeatedly asking the Action démocratique du Québec's (ADQ) Mario Dumont to state the financial model of his political platform.

Election night produced a major disappointment for the Parti Québécois. The party polled its smallest share of the popular vote since 1973 and the PQ came third in seat numbers in the National Assembly - losing Official Opposition status. The 2007 election left Quebec with its first minority government since 1878. Although Boisclair's future as the leader of Parti Québécois appeared uncertain, he claimed on the day after the election that he had no plans of stepping down (however, he resigned six weeks later).

Apart from the Champagne incident, the election campaign was not marked by any other open expressions of homophobia. However, at least one prominent political journalist in Quebec, The Gazette's Don Macpherson, has asserted that some other criticism of Boisclair — particularly a persistent notion among some voters that he was too cosmopolitan and "Montréalais" — may in fact have been code for lingering voter discomfort with the idea of electing an openly gay premier.^[6]

Resignation as PQ Leader

André Boisclair announced his resignation as Parti Québécois leader on May 8, 2007, the same day Quebec's National Assembly was resuming sitting after the 2007 general election. The announcement came as a shock to many Parti Québécois caucus members, some of whom expressed "sadness" at the decision.^[7]

Boisclair's leadership was questioned immediately after the election and petitions for a motion of confidence within the party came far and wide from regional PQ presidents and major sovereigntist groups.

Boisclair's resignation followed a dispute with Gilles Duceppe, leader of the Bloc Québécois, the sovereigntist party on the federal scene. In an interview with Radio-Canada, Boisclair had confirmed rumours that Duceppe had been scheming for his post. Duceppe denied these rumours but many political observers still believed Boisclair had gone too far in this denunciation.^[8]

Boisclair remained the MNA for Pointe-aux-Trembles, but on October 15, 2007, he announced he was resigning from his seat and quitting politics on November 15, 2007. He also accused leader Bernard Landry of undermining his support as party head by referring to the PQ's loss of public support under Boisclair's reign, and for hinting he wanted to return to the party's leadership himself.^[9]

Post-political life

Boisclair was hired by Questerre, a Calgary-based energy company, in 2011 as a consultant due to his sociopolitical knowledge of Quebec.^[10] In September 2012, Boisclair criticized the newly elected PQ government's position on the shale industry in Quebec.^[11]

In November 2012, he was named as the new provincial delegate-general in New York City.^[12]

See also

• Parti Québécois leadership election, 2005
• Quebec sovereignty movement
• Politics of Quebec
• List of leaders of the Official Opposition (Quebec)
• List of third party leaders of Quebec

Electoral record

Quebec general election, 2007: Pointe-aux-Trembles
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%
	Parti Québécois	André Boisclair	13,784	47.30	−2.89
	Action démocratique	Martin-Karl Bourbonnais	7,708	26.45	+12.20
	Liberal	Daniel Fournier	5,316	18.24	−14.94
	Green	Xavier Daxhelet	1,257	4.31	+2.70
	Québec solidaire	Dominique Ritchot	763	2.62
	Bloc Pot	Etienne Mallette	154	0.53
	Christian Democracy	Julien Ferron	116	0.40	−0.08
	Marxist–Leninist	Geneviève Royer	41	0.14	−0.14
Total valid votes			29,139	98.69
Rejected and declined votes			388	1.31
Turnout			29,527	72.92	−0.62
Electors on the lists			40,495
Source: Official Results, Le Directeur général des élections du Québec.

Quebec provincial by-election, August 14, 2006: Pointe-aux-Trembles
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%
	Parti Québécois	André Boisclair	9,077	70.95	+20.76
	Green	Xavier Daxhelet	1,514	11.83	+10.22
	Québec solidaire	Dominique Ritchot	1,073	8.39
	Independent	Benoît Bergeron	609	4.76
	Independent	Jocelyne Leduc	231	1.81
	Independent	Jean-Marc Boyer	124	0.97
	Bloc Pot	Benjamin Kasapoglu	113	0.88
	Independent	Régent Millette	52	0.41
Total valid votes			12,793	100.00
Rejected and declined votes			315
Turnout			13,108	32.35	−39.95
Electors on the lists			40,516

Quebec general election, 2003
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Parti Québécois	André Boisclair	15,890	53.34	+0.66
	Liberal	William Aguilar	8,996	30.20	-2.42
	Action démocratique	Stéphane Deschênes	2,456	8.24	-2.48
	UFP	Colette Provost	1,397	4.69	-
	Green	Pierrette Chevalier	584	1.96	-
	Bloc Pot	Hugô St-Onge	465	1.56	-

Quebec general election, 1998: Gouin
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Parti Québécois	André Boisclair (incumbent)	16,097	52.68
	Liberal	Michelle Daines	10,273	33.62
	Action démocratique	Patricia St-Jacques	3,276	10.72
	Socialist Democracy	Geneviève Ricard	624	2.04
	Marxist–Leninist	Claude Brunelle	149	0.49
	Communist	Athanasios Ntouskas	75	0.25
	N/A (Communist League)	Annette Kouri	61	0.20
Total valid votes			30,555
Rejected and declined votes			450
Turnout			31,005	74.40
Electors on the lists			41,676
Source: Official Results, Le Directeur général des élections du Québec.

Quebec general election, 1994: Gouin
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%
	Parti Québécois	André Boisclair	17,305	56.42	+5.39
	Liberal	Athena Efraim	10,944	35.68	-4.80
	New Democratic	Hans Marotte	1,428	4.66	+2.33
	Independent	Sylviane Morin	458	1.49	–
	Natural Law	Alain-Édouard Lord	263	0.86	–
	Marxist–Leninist	Serge Lachapelle	142	0.46	+0.16
	Republic of Canada	Pierre Aylwin	132	0.43	–

Quebec general election, 1989: Gouin
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%
	Parti Québécois	André Boisclair	10,568	51.03	+2.57
	Liberal	Normand Hamel	8,383	40.48	-4.86
	Green	Sylvain Auclair	929	4.49	–
	New Democratic	Paul Montpetit	482	2.33	-0.54
	Workers	Gilles Bourque	186	0.90	–
	Marxist–Leninist	Michelle Dufort	63	0.30	–
	Communist	Denis Gervais	52	0.25	–
	Socialist Movement	Yvan Comeau	46	0.22	–

References

1. "Boisclair quitting". 2007-05-08. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
2. "André Boisclair: the PQ's young star". CBC News. 2005-11-16. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
3. "Boisclair's skeletons rattle bitter PQ race". The Globe and Mail. 2005-11-09. Retrieved 2015-05-28.
4. http://globeandmail.workopolis.com/servlet/Content/qprinter/20051109/BOISCLAIR09
5. "Boisclair responds to homophobic slurs", cbc.ca, March 1, 2007.
6. Don MacPherson, "The end of an error". The Gazette, October 16, 2007.
7. "Boisclair resigns as leader of Parti Québécois". CBC News. 2007-05-08. Retrieved 2014-04-02.
8. "Clouds hang over Boisclair as legislature prepares to sit". CBC News. 2007-05-08. Retrieved 2014-04-02.
9. "Boisclair leaving politics". The Montreal Gazette. 2007-10-15. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
10. "Questerre appoints André Boisclair as advisor to Board", questerre.com, September 16, 2011.
11. "Quebec Fracking Ban? PQ Eyes Banning Shale Gas, Shutting Nuclear Reactor, Ending Asbestos Industry". The Huffington Post Canada. September 20, 2012. Retrieved September 20, 2012.
12. "Former PQ leader André Boisclair named to New York post". The Gazette, November 7, 2012.

External links

• "Biography". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
• LinkedIn André Boisclair page