Anteosaurinae

Anteosaurinae Temporal range: Middle Permian, 270–260 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Skeleton of the anteosaurine Titanophoneus potens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Synapsida
Order:	Therapsida
Suborder:	†Dinocephalia
Family:	†Anteosauridae
Subfamily:	†Anteosaurinae Boonstra, 1954
Subgroups
†Sinophoneus †Titanophoneus †Anteosaurini †Anteosaurus †Doliosauriscus

Anteosaurinae is a group of dinocephalian therapsids. It is one of two subfamilies in the family Anteosauridae, the other being Syodontinae.^[1]

Description

Doliosauriscus

These are very specialized, very large anteosaurs. The postcanine teeth are further reduced. Deepening of the postorbital region of the skull (behind the eyes) produced a larger temporal opening, indicating more muscle mass. The boss on the angular (rear of the jaw) has become very prominent, again, another sign of powerful jaw muscles. These huge animals were clearly formidable predators.

In the Anteosaurinae, pachyostosis is taken to extremes. The dorsal (upper) surface of the nasal, frontal, and postfrontals (around and between/above the eyes) is thickened and rugose in the same manner as the tapinocephalids. Nevertheless these animals are two specialized and too late in time to have been the ancestors of the herbivorous tapinocephalids, so it is obvious that these characteristics evolved independently.

Boonstra notes that the hip joint and the femur of Anteosaurus is comparable with those of the crocodile and that these animals may have had a crawling habit. In view of the carnivorous dentition, he believes them to have been slinking predators.

Classification

Below is a cladogram showing syodontine relationships from a 2012 phylogenetic study of anteosaurians:^[2]

Therapsida	Biarmosuchus tener Dinocephalia Estemmenosuchus uralensis Ulemosaurus svijagensis Tapinocaninus pamelae Anteosauridae Archaeosyodon praeventor Anteosaurinae Sinophoneus yumenensis Titanophoneus adamanteus Titanophoneus potens Anteosaurus magnificus Syodontinae Pampaphoneus biccai Notosyodon gusevi Syodon biarmicum Australosyodon nyaphuli

References

1. Kammerer, C.F. (2011). "Systematics of the Anteosauria (Therapsida: Dinocephalia)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 9 (2). doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.492645.
2. Cisneros, J.C.; Abdala, F.; Atayman-Güven, S.; Rubidge, B.S.; Şengör, A.M.C.; Schultz, C.L. (2012). "Carnivorous dinocephalian from the Middle Permian of Brazil and tetrapod dispersal in Pangaea". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 (5): 1584–1588. doi:10.1073/pnas.1115975109.

External links

• Anteosauridae at Palaeos