Apaseo el Grande
| Apaseo el Grande | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Palacio de Herrera | ||
| ||
| Motto: Et Campi tui Replebentur Ubetate | ||
 | ||
| Country |
 Mexico | |
| State |
 Guanajuato | |
| Foundation | June 24, 1536 | |
| Government | ||
| • Mayor | Lorenzo Licea Rojas (PRI) 2012-2015 | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 415.26 km2 (160.33 sq mi) | |
| Population | 85,319 | |
| Demonym(s) | Apaseense | |
| Código INEGI | 005 | |
| Website |
www | |
Apaseo el Grande is a Mexican city (and municipality) located in the state of Guanajuato. The municipality has an area of 415.26 square kilometres (1.37% of the surface of the state) and is bordered to the north by Comonfort and San Miguel de Allende, to the east by the state of Querétaro, to the south by Apaseo el Alto, and to the west by Celaya. The municipality had a population of 85,319 inhabitants according to the 2010 census.[1]
In pre-Columbian times, the region was known as Andahe ("Close to the water") and Atlayahualco ("Place of where water flows") by the Otomí and Nahua inhabitants. It was eventually known as Apatzeo ("Yellow flower") by the Purépecha. It received its present name of Apaseo el Grande in 1525 after the conquest by the Spaniards. It was the first city to be founded in what is now the state of Guanajuato.
The municipal president of Apaseo el Grande and its many smaller outlying communities is Lorenzo Licea Rojas.[2]
Etymology
The name of the town and municipality was initially Apatzeo, first used by Hernán Pérez de Bocanegra y Córdoba, who was apparently influenced by the expression in Purépecha language whose meaning is "Place of Weasels".
Other names of the present city of Apaseo el Grande were Andehe (in the Otomi language) which appears in an inscription that is placed in the choir of the parish church and means "by the water". Another name, used by the viceroy Antonio de Mendoza is Atlayahualco, from the Nahuatl language, meaning "by the lake".
On February 22, 1957, the Legislature of the State of Guanajuato ordered the publication in the Official Gazette of the State of Guanajuato, Decree Number 64, by which the city and the municipality of Apaseo took the nickname Apaseo el Grande ("greater" or "larger"). This change was intended to resolve conflicts caused by the use of the nickname Apaseo el Bajo ("Lower Apaseo") by residents of the smaller neighboring town of Apaseo el Alto ("Upper Apaseo").
History
The present city of Apaseo el Grande, was inhabited in ancient times, probably along with other towns in the region such as Izcuinapan (San Miguel Viejo, near San Miguel de Allende) and Tlachco (the present city of Querétaro), by various indigenous groups of Nahuatl, Otomi and Guamar as an area after the occupation of Mexico.
Conquest and colonization
The territory was conquered by Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán in 1530, but its formal incorporation into the orbit of the Spanish empire did not occur until 1538, by act of congregation issued by Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza, taking the upper quality Indian villages. In 1537, Don Hernán Pérez Bocanegra started the process of forming a noble heritage for his family by buying from Don Fernando P. Motoci, lord of several properties in Xuaxo. On October 11, 1564, Bocanegra and his wife Doña Beatriz Pacheco instituted "mayorazgo," Spanish for an institution for legal continuity of a lineage and their property. This area became East Bajío, under which Spaniards, Creoles, Mestizos, Indians, blacks and mulattos called the properties of the principal landowner of region.
In 1547, silver deposits were discovered in Zacatecas, inducing a steady stream of supplies and greed causes of the Chichimecas, starting the first attacks against herders and traders in the border. The village of Apaseo, headed by Don Hernán Pérez Bocanegra, participated in defense against the Chichimecas. To combat Chichimecas since 1555 decided to initiate the establishment of Spanish colonies, with the title of villas will increase population density. Thus the foundation of the town of Celaya was authorized. The Chichimeca war ended in 1586, ending the policy of enslaving Chichimecan captives and inaugurating the military policy of "peace by purchase" for which grants are awarded to Chichimecans for settling in villages and not attacking the silver traders, indigenous peoples or the Spanish villas.
Viceroyalty in Apaseo
During the decade of 1640–1650, Apaseo embarked upon a period of economic expansion through ranching in Ixtla, el Peñón and Apaseo el Alto, and fabric manufacturing in Ixtla. In 1640, the parish church existed solely as a baptistery and would only be built to its current form 50 years later.
Apaseo in the mid-seventeenth century was inhabited mostly by Indians, especially Otomi, who were already in the process of "ladinoization," when natives no longer took on indigenous surnames like Xicani or Endexi. Instead, many Otomi adopted Spanish surnames such as Valencia, Arrieta, Esparragoza, Sánchez, González; alternatively, some Otomi translated names like Águila (Eagle) or Conejo (Rabbit). Blacks and mulattos were employed as servants on farms centered around the village of Ixtla.
In 1690, Apaseo's main building, the parish church, was built with its existing architectural form with the financial assistance of Bachiller Francisco Licea, owner of the estate Mirror Aguascalientes and San Nicolás.
These were times of economic prosperity and diversification for Apaseo that united traditional grain crops, fruit production, and both cattle and sheep farmers. Sheep produced meat and wool, which was especially valued to create garments woven in Obraje de San Diego de Ixtla and Obrajuelo. Wool supplies fueled wholesale and retail markets in Zacatecas, Guadalajara, Mexico City and the Bajío zone through the Camino Real.
By 1748, Apaseo was the fourth-biggest city within the future state of Guanajuato. Indigenous people of Apaseo started to build a temple on the Calle Real, which was completed around 1824 and was dedicated to the Divina Pastora, better known today as the Pastorcita. In December 1786, the village of Apaseo and jurisdiction were incorporated into the nascent Municipality of Guanajuato, along with all the rest of the city of Celaya. Two years later, Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was appointed Sacristan Mayor Parish Apaseo. Other problems soon rose in Apaseo, mainly due to overcrowding of the village. Neighbors were forced to request land distribution and legal funds, and Apaseo clashed over water supply with Mayorazgo.
The independent time in Apaseo
Both Mr. Cura Hidalgo and Allende captain were known and esteemed people in the village of Apaseo, since the former had enjoyed a perk of Apaseo Parish and the second, had his sister Dona Maria Josefa married to Lieutenant Mayor of Apaseo.
When the armed uprising began and was approaching to the city of Celaya, a panic broke out in that city. Starting on September 22, 1810 all Spaniards were sent to Querétaro, with the same action soon taking place for peninsular people living in Apaseo.
The village of Apaseo became engaged in the War of Independence on September 26, 1810 when, perhaps in their first offensive action, colonial troops attacked Apaseo at night, to arrest Deputy Justice Don Domingo Busce, who was accused of complicity with the insurgents. During mid-November, the Camino Real and Plaza Apaseo allowed 7,000 men under the command of Don Felix Maria Calleja to stay overnight in the village of Apaseo. Don Calleja's troops were prepared to engage the men of Don Ignacio Allende. On September 9, 1812 the rebel Colonel Don Antonio Velasco attacked the village of Apaseo, defeating their small colonial garrison with relative ease. To avoid similar situations in the future, Apaseo established at least three colonial garrisons: one in the village, another on El Tunal and a third on Obrajuelo. Don Agustin de Iturbide was promoted to Colonel and began a relentless war against the insurgents, mainly in the Bajio. He partnered with Don Manuel María Rodeles, Parish Priest of Apaseo, and many other families in the village of Apaseo during this time.
In late 1815, the insurgents were active near Apaseo and on December 19, 1815 killed three soldiers of the garrison of El Tunal. Insurgents continued their tactics of damaging the economic basis of the town, attacking the Hacienda de Ameche on April 25, 1818.
The insecurity and economic damage of Bajio was so serious that Colonel Don Antonio Linares ordered on July 9, 1818 the organization of safeguards so merchants and artisans, who were mainly from Celaya, could attend to their business in Apaseo with minimal risk.
On December 30, 1819, the insurgent Pablo Esquivel, leader of the Picacho Rebels, was captured by the garrison of Apaseo, and was beheaded. On January 6, 1820, insurgent José Trinidad Aguado was captured and executed, and it seemed there was victory of the royal arms over the insurgency in Apaseo.
After Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero agreed to end the conflict in 1821, Apaseo see happen with all official honors at the last Spanish troops - marking the end of the colonial era in the Bajio. In November 1821, all remaining locations of the country, including civil and military authorities, churches and corporations declared independence.
On April 14, 1826, Apaseo was recognized as an integral part of the territory of the State of Guanajuato, and retained its status as a municipality. The Apaseenses elected their first constitutional mayor Don José Pablo Gomez.
The year 1830 was economically terrible for Apaseo because of the failure of the textile mills and the impact of importation of British textiles. A similar situation faced Querétaro and San Miguel Allende and other textile regions of the country. In that same year, a severe cholera epidemic killed 680 people.
In 1856 Don Octaviano Muñoz Ledo purchased the Hacienda Mayorazgo and the adjoining haciendas of San Jose and San Cristobal, solidifying its long-standing family relationship with Apaseo.
During the Reform War, Apaseo was used as a forward base for attacking the Bajio. The General Don Luis G. Osollo, acting in combination with Casanova and General Mejia, commanding 5,400 men and 40 guns. From Apaseo they attacked General Don Anastasio Parrodi with 7,090 men and 30 guns. Osollo chased Parrodi into Salamanca and defeated him and his forces.
Liberals suffered a serious defeat and the persecution continued in Celaya. Meanwhile, Apaseo witnessed an act of chivalry from General Miramon, who knowing that General Don Santiago Tapia was seriously injured, and that he sought refuge in Apaseo; Miramon promised not to disturb the wounded and also sent his doctor to treat him. Finally The Liberal victory means full implementation of the 1857 Constitution and the laws of reform, mainly the Confiscation Act, which affected the church and community assets. In Apaseo were expropriated substantial church properties that included several farms, and lands.
When the "Pastry War" started because of unpaid debts that Mexico owed to foreign powers, President Juarez crossed Apaseo during his withdrawal due to the advance of Franco-Mexican troops, on June 5, 1863. Liberals Apaseo receive it and invite him to a snack in the house of Don Marcos Corona.
The resistance crumbled and in November 29, 1863 neighbors from Apaseo and Celaya signed the instrument of accession to the Empire in the presence of General Don Tomás Mejía. French troops appeared in Apaseo and Celaya on December 3, 1863, under the command of General Douay, accompanied by 5,000 men and 2,000 conservatives led by General Miramon.
Maximilian of Habsburg of Belgium, accompanied by his wife Charlotte went to Mexico to take his throne. The Emperor decided to make a trip to the Bajío in August 23, 1864, with his private secretary Don Nicolás Poliakovits, his ministers and easements, escorted by cavalry Colonel Don Miguel Lopez. Maximiliano was warmly received in Apaseo.
Some liberals in Apaseo, including Don Canuto Gómez eager to spoil the party, hid the clappers of the bells of the temples. They had to improvise with several hammers to ring the bells in welcome.
Marshal Bazaine, commander in chief of the French Expeditionary Army was widowed and found a wife among the young girls of the Capitol. Bazaine married Doña María Josefa de la Peña y Azcarate,on June 26, 1865. The Emperor Maximilian is displayed on this very splendid occasion and delivering a dowry to the new Mrs. Bazaine two farms, in Apaseo. The Emperor had given more than half of the old Party Apaseo including not only mortmain particular properties but even some conservatives known, like the Hacienda Mayorazgo of Don Octaviano Muñoz Ledo.
There were many people who had risen to defend the Republic, attacked the French garrisons in the old Camino Real, now called the National Road, the attacks occur in the communities of El Rayo, Castillo and other Coachití. It's central figure is a woman captain of Bandidos called" the Carambada "whose main point of assault was called "cerca pinta" located near of Caleras de Ameche. "The Carambada" was apparently originally from Punta de Obrajuelo.
After all this discontent throughout the country, Maximilian decided with Mejia and Miramon, enclosed in Querétaro and wait for the concentration of the Republican troops. Due to its proximity to Querétaro, Apaseo became the muster area where both Imperial and Republican concentrated for the final confrontation. On 22 and 23 February 1867, three thousand men of the Imperial General Mendez Brigade stayed in Apaseo on their way to join Maximilian. Behind them, the Republicans conformed by 17,000 men passed through here on 4 and March 8.
Porfirism in Apaseo
Under Porfirio Díaz, peace allowed the creation of much-delayed public works, particularly in the current Plaza Hidalgo, that was the court of the first parish church and cemetery Apaseense.
On June 30, 1870, the town of Apaseo received the title of Villa.
On May 18, 1874, Don Octaviano Muñoz Ledo died at 68 years, after an eventful life that was Senator, Minister, Governor of Guanajuato and Querétaro, introduced the telegraph, At end of his life he had many difficulties to recover their properties.
In 1897 Don Juan Oliveros donated land to the City for the current Municipal cemetery on the way to El Cerrito. By 1880 Apaseo witnessed the construction of the embankment, culverts and railway station. On March 31, 1882 Apaseo passed the first locomotive with a train of passenger cars. The uncomfortable proximity to Querétaro and Celaya were that the railroad closer than before, Apaseo prompted to enter a condition metropolis of an agricultural area, where activities take place outside the village, in the work of the field of real estate and Ranch. The Villa of Apaseo thereby acquired a stunted and simple city life.
The Revolution of 1910—2000
Little data exists on these years but it can be inferred that Don Vicente A. Ruiz won the elections at the triumph of the Revolution Maderista and continued his post as Political Chief until the battles of Celaya. Don Vicente A. Ruiz managed to take several progressive measures, notably the introduction of electricity, the drilling for a water supply and the organization of civil defenses. Don Vicente A. Ruiz y Garcia, who was political Chief, was also appointed Chief of the Constitutionalist Army.
General Francisco Villa and Venustiano Carranza disagreed on how to reorganize the country and reached their breaking point on October 10, 1914. Apaseo witnessed fighting between the two sides in the Battle of Celaya. On April 3–4, 1915, infantry, artillery and cavalry under General Maycotte engaged Villa and his troops. The second battle of Celaya was held on April 13–15, 1915. In preparations for combat, General Don Álvaro Obregón concentrated the cavalry of General Cesareo Castro and hid them in the forests of Hacienda de La Labor. This cavalry brigade acting together with the departure of Álvaro Obregón infantry played a decisive role in the victory over General Villa's army.
During the battles, some young Apaseenses commanded by Mayor Don Vicente A. Ruiz decided to take up arms and fight on the side of General Villa against General Obregon. Many citizens never returned and their loss was deeply felt by Don Vicente A. Ruiz, who died in the battle of Celaya. The loss of the Mayor and the uprising of bandits called "The Cerro de la Rosa"(probably ex-villistas), created severe security issues in the region of Apaseo. This caused the abandonment of teach haciendas of El Peñón, Ojo Zarco, El Saucillo, Obraje de Ixtla, and the village of San Miguel de Ixtla. The reduction of the population in the haciendas and the retirement to Apaseo and other populations compounded the issues of insecurity and lack of supplies.
In 1917, the entrance of the United States in the Great War, caused the price of garlic to rise rapidly, increasing the revenue of Apaseo and bringing residents Don Magdaleno Rodriguez, Don Jaime and Don Gumersindo Francisco Mejia big profits.
In 1918 the Spanish influenza epidemic took place, taking 1,500 victims in a month.
On December 13, 1920, through a telegram, are officially inaugurated the National Telegraph Services in the municipal seat. The works in the current Town Hall were be completed in 1924.
On November 26, 1924 the town of Apaseo received the title of City.
During 1925 Apaseo serious incidents happened because President Don Plutarco Elías Calles causes a severe crisis known as the Cristero War. On July 31, 1926 the Mexican Episcopate declared suspension of guarantees for Catholic worship.
The priests of the parish decided to hide in Apaseo, the Apaseenses Cristeros faced federal army troops on January 4, 1927 at the Cerro del Capulin (now in the municipality of Apaseo el Alto). There were about 100 casualties on both sides. Cristero General Don Manuel Frías, began to operate north of the town. Meanwhile, the men's section (ACJM) and the female section (JCFM) Catholic youths organized activities to raise funds for arms and ammunition for the combatants.
On the first of April 1927, in the afternoon, the Cristero General Don Manuel Frias unexpectedly entered the County seat, surrounded the Jardín Hidalgo with his troops and arrested Don Ranulfo Molina, city treasurer, and forced him to open the Municipal building to deliver the funds deposited there. Later Don Manuel Frias raided the railway station and telegraph terminals and steals money from scratches. They bought food for their troops with the collected money and left the square.
The bishops called arrangements between the Mexican government and were signed on June 21, 1929 ending the conflict. Public worship were resumed in the Parish Church of Apaseo on July 12, 1929.
In 1939 the Pan American Highway was plotted on its stretch Querétaro - Apaseo el Alto - Celaya and completed in 1942. In February 1940, the efforts of Father Martinez Flores succeeded in getting the Sisters of the Verbo Encarnado reverend took charge of the reorganized Parish School girls "Guanajuato", which still exists.
During the holidays of 1945 Guadalupe the Father Martinez Flores hits the parish coronation of the image of the virgin venerated in La Villita.
1947 marked the breaking of the old Party and District in two municipalities: Apaseo el Grande and Apaseo el Alto.
In June 1950 the first agricultural parade was organized, with floats adorned with chariots and decorated with allegories to the life of San Juan Bautista, scenes of conquest, evangelization and local characters.
By 1954 Miss Doña María Concepción Manriquez Orchard donated his house to be built there for school children, today the Institute Dr. Carlos Navarro Origel, while Mrs. Dona Julia Frias donated the land where the College of Guanajuato would be constructed. Around 1956, construction of the elementary public school that is now called Mr. Victor Jose Lizardi on the Matamoros street began.
On October 7, 1955, in Cinema Oliveros, a prank involving exploding gunpowder caused a panic among those attending a cinematic representation, causing a stampede which left four dead and injured several others.
In the early 1956, during a visit by the Bishop, Dr. Don Salvador Martínez Silva proposed that the city of Apaseo adopt the adjective "El Grande." Don José Estrella Vazquez sent a memorandum to Congress requesting el grande(Sp. : 'the great') as a nickname for the county. The XLIII State Legislature memorandum responded with Decree No. 64 of February 22, 1957, by which the city and municipality of Apaseo were collectively changed to the title of Apaseo el Grande.
In 1957 an earthquake occurred that closely marked the start of a slow and gradual drying of the spring El Nacimiento, which brought the end of cheap water and the extinction of large density irrigation areas in the municipality. Losses estimated early this century were estimated at 105 caballerías (equivalent to 4,440 surface acres) and these led to Apaseenses's descent into poverty. It would be only partially alleviated many years later, after the installation of factories within the municipal boundaries.
In 1958 the construction of the Superhighway Querétaro-Irapuato began.
In 1961 the National Charro Championship in Querétaro was won by the charros team of Apaseo el Grande. The most notable members of that team were Don Miguel Urquiza and Don José Luis Oliveros Ramirez. On December 11, 1961 Apaseo City improved its services sector with the opening of a branch of the Bank of Commerce S. A. whose first office was in the North Goal.
Construction of the Guanajuato parochial school was completed in 1964. Girls started courses in the new building February 1964.
On December 11 a branch of Banco Nacional de Mexico (Banamex) was founded on the north side of the parish . This year begins the construction of the Technical Secondary School No. 8; which was opened on March 19, 1969, during the visit of the President of the Republic, Mr. Don Gustavo Diaz Ordaz.
On October 12, 1979, the first stone of the municipal market, Antonio Plaza, was placed and the market was inaugurated by the Mayor. On August 3, 1980 tax incentives were granted to companies who set up businesses in what would become known as the Bajio Industrial Corridor. This tax incentive accelerated the installation of industries in the town. In 1991 work began, culminating with the relocation of a Procter and Gamble factory. With private funds the construction of a "lienzo charro", also called "Guadalupano", was started, and it opened on October 20, 1996. On October 19 of that year a new hospital built by the State Government opened.
On January 1, 1998 Dr. Miguel Macias Olvera took office as Mayor of the National Action Party (PAN), and was the first to hold this position after many years of PRI rule.
Government and politics
In the last elections for Mayor in 2012 the winner was Mr. Lorenzo Licea Rojas from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in alliance with the Green Party (PVEM). The H. City Council was formed as follows.
| MAYOR | Lorenzo Rojas Licea PRI |
| SYNDIC | Moisés Ulises Macías Muñoz PVEM |
| REGIDOR | Jose Juan Cardena Maldonado PRI |
| REGIDOR | Alfonso Cabrera Oliveros PRI |
| REGIDOR | María De Los Angeles Bautista Cervantes PRI |
| REGIDOR | Moisés Guerrero Lara PAN |
| REGIDOR | Román Gómez Bravo PAN |
| REGIDOR | Ana Lilia Rodriguez Molina PAN |
| REGIDOR | Efrain Rubio Rico PRD |
| REGIDOR | Carlos Martínez Ramírez PVEM |
The Municipality is organized in 49 delegations to manage the various communities that comprise it, which in turn democratically elect delegates to represent them. The Federal Deputy District XIV is José Luis Oliveros Usabiaga and Local Representative is Martin Lopez Camacho, both representatives of the National Action Party (PAN).
Geography
The city of Apaseo el Grande is the capital of the municipality of the same name in the state of Guanajuato. The municipality is bordered on the north by the municipalities of Comonfort and San Miguel de Allende; to the east by the state of Querétaro; to the south by the municipality of Apaseo el Alto; and to the west by Celaya. The City is located at an altitude of 1,767 meters on the margins of the watercourse of the Querétaro river, a tributary of the Laja which flows into the Lerma River. Apaseo el Grande extends over an area of 415.26 km², or 1.37% of the total area of the state. It ranks 20th of 46 municipalities in Guanajuato according to its 2010 Urbanization Index value of 0.59, much lower than the state level of 25.7.
Topography
The Sierra de los Agustinos range enters the town from the south, and the Sierra Codornices from the west. Highest elevations are found in the hills Santa Rosa, Pelon, El Picacho, Peña, Ojo de Agua, El Tejocote, El Cohetero, La Huerta, Jalpa, Galvanes, Mayorazgo, Vicar Estancia de las Vacas. Their average height is 2000 meters above sea level. The highest point of the municipality is 2598 meters at Cerro de La Rosa which straddles the northernmost part of the territory and the municipality of Celaya.
Hydrography
The main body of water is the Apaseo River, a tributary of the Laja River. In Querétaro it forms currents and rivers like Huipal, from the state of Querétaro, that enters streams to the municipality of San Bartolo and Ixtla and the river Apaseo el Alto. There are two springs of sulphurous water, namely the Marroquín and the Mandujano. The town also has three alkaline water springs: El Nacimiento, Agua Tibia and Llanitos. The waters of Cañada Mandujano Cedazo and Ojos de Apaseo el Alto, gathered in streams produce an annual rainfall of 12 meters, used to irrigate the valley lands.
Climate
It is mild and pleasant throughout the year, with a maximum temperature of 37.1 °C, and a minimum of 0.9 °C. The annual rainfall total rainfall is 606.1 millimeters. In the northern part of the municipality is a dry climate, with an annual average temperature between 12 and 22 °C, and rainfalls of 400–600 mm. In the central part semi-dry climate, the least dry with annual temperature between 18 and 20 °C, and precipitation of 557–615 mm.To the south is a warm climate with summer rain, the driest in this group, holding less than 5% of the winter rain. Highest annual temperatureodf 18 °C. ratio P/T less than 43.2, and temperatures ranging from 7 to 14°C, the warmest month is June.
Vegetation
The flora of the municipality consists of deciduous forest and mesquite. As for forests: houndstooth, grass pastures, zacatón, Colorado grass, blue glandular grama filiform, bilberry cactus, buffalo, fake grass, foxtail, woolly and wolfhounds, along with forage species and huaraches, several species of cactus and cacahuetes, etc.
Wildlife
Only species that have endured heavy pressure on them, such as small mammals among which are the opossum, coyote, hare, rabbit and birds like the thrush, heal reported that due to the availability of food have been become pests, domestic sparrow and dove, among others.
Population
Based on the 2010 Census of Population and Housing conducted by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), the city of Apaseo el Grande has 85,319 inhabitants of whom 41,038 are men and 44,281 are women, and 28.3% of the population is under 30. An increase in population in the coming years is expected due to the construction of housing projects in the outskirts of the metropolitan area of Querétaro within the municipality of Apaseo el Grande.
Education
The Township of Apaseo el Grande offers 13 degree programs in 2010. 6.5% of the population 25 years and over have higher education (technical or commercial studies completed high school, undergraduate, masters and/or PhD).
Religion
The population is mostly Catholic, with 94.4% of the population identifying with Catholicism. It was from 1980 with the entry to various communities and the county seat of other Christian groups like evangelical and Pentecostal that their number has reached 2.5% of the population.
Migration
Apaseenses emigration to the United States is primarily to Texas cities, especially Dallas, possibly because of family ties(which give more job prospects) . North Carolina is also a common destination. The municipality ranks 26th in Edo. Guanajuato with migration levels.
Economy
The Municipality of Apaseo el Grande was traditionally an agricultural and livestock center, agriculture was benefited from the construction of the irrigation district of the Upper Lerma. Mainly alfalfa, beans, corn, grasses and sorghum are grown. Its residents also raise cattle, pigs and goats, stressing about other breeding fowls. These activities have been reduced as a percentage of the municipal contribution to GDP in recent years due to the development of several industrial zones in the township. Though industry thrives in Apaseo el Grande, its Production Services Gross Total (PBT) is 8.1%, still below the 25.1% statewide total.
Apaseo el Grande occupies a prominent place as in the state of Guanajuato for exporting. In 2011, it ranked third in the state, behind only Silao and Irapuato. The vast majority of these exports are produced by Procter & Gamble and are shipped to the United States and Latin America.
Apaseo el Grande ranks 6 out of 46 municipalities in per capita PBT, which is 123697.3, which is above the state value of 80315.2. But this wealth is poorly distributed among the population, since 56% of the population are considered to be living in poverty. Source: Ministry of Economic Development Sustentable.Guanajuato
Points of interest
Palacio de Herrera
The Palace of Herrera (commonly called "Casa de los Perros" or the House of Dogs) is an eighteenth-century colonial building which stands out among tourist attractions of the area. Constructed in a sober baroque style this palace was commissioned by Don Francisco Fernández de Herrera and Antonio Merino Areávalo, landowner and merchant. It is private, with no public access.
Hacienda El Tunal
Francisco Antonio Fernández de Herrera owned several farms and ranches, some of which remained in the family for generations as was the case for the Hacienda El Tunal. The hacienda was renovated in the second half of the nineteenth century, so that what one sees now no longer represents the prevailing style of the eighteenth century in the Bajío lowlands of north-central Mexico. Access is restricted.[3]
Temple and Franciscan Convent
This old set back to the sixteenth century, the exterior of the church and its convent are military monastic style and the interior of the temple is neoclassical. It has several chapels attached to the temple, an open chapel and atrium.
Hacienda El Vicario
The Vicar is a big solid construction, stunning, aesthetics and well-balanced. It is a single body, or at least so it appears from the outside. It is rumored that in 1814 the royalist army stationed soldiers on the estates of Apaseo including El Vicario.
Railway Station
It was one of the main stations of Guanajuato state for which a quarter of the products were exported, including food. The train was also used as a means of transportation until the late twentieth century by the inhabitants of Apaseo el Grande to border cities. It is now in disrepair and no public access is permitted.
Hacienda La Labor
Erected in the late eighteenth century by José Ignacio Villaseñor Cervantes, The Hacienda La Labor retains the outlines of its facade only altered by a neoclassical kick. Its outward appearance reminds one of the famous Renaissance villas upstairs open a loggia of arches on columns, a tradition in our country goes back to the same phase of conquest.
Hacienda de Obrajuelo
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The Hacienda de Obrajuelo that the mid-eighteenth century was Captain Fausto Merino who donated to the congregation of clerics of Our Lady of Guadalupe de Querétaro and mid-nineteenth century Habsburg emperor Maximilian presented with the Buenavista Palace Mexico city Marshal Achille Bazaine to marry with Pepita de la Peña.
Ixtla
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Located in a Township Community of Apaseo el Grande, Ixtla is the first settlement founded by Spaniards from Querétaro, in the state of Guanajuato. Its peculiarity is that it has about 34 chapels, some preserved better than others, belonging to different families that inhabited the ancient population. Some of the most emblematic chapels are currently being restored. San Miguel Ixtla was recognized as a town between 1550 and January 1551, a result of the application of Village for a reduction Apatzeo Indians, so their original population was mainly Otomi Indians. The family chapels were erected as part of the campaigns and Christianizing "Propaganda Fide" undertaken by Franciscans in the Otomi region (Peña, 2010).
Charrería
Charreria is the traditional sport in the history of the town and this has promoted the formation of family heritage. In 1996, The "Lienzo Charro La Guadalupana" opened, seats about 4,000 people where there have been two national championships. Besides their usual functions, the venue is also used to display other types of shows.[4]
Festivities
- Regional Fair of San Juan Bautista. It is held every year on June 24 as part of the celebration of the anniversary of the founding of the city with San Juan Bautista as patron. Beginning in 2008 further investment was made for the title of Regional Fair.
- Circumcision of the Lord.. On January 1 highlights the festivals that take place in municipal and in San Pedro Tenango.
- Day of the Three Kings. On January 6 a symbolic parade with the Magi where toys are given to children.
- Semana Santa (Easter). It is known because of its processions in different villages of the town with a final destination in the town of Ixtla, where they worship the Lord of Ojo Zarco.
- Virgen del Rosario. Held on October 30.
- Día de Muertos. Held on November 2. People perform traditional altars to honor their dead relatives in a festive atmosphere.
- Immaculate Conception. Held on December 8.
- Virgin of Guadalupe. La Villita has a stone with an image of the virgin where parishioners come to worship.
Gastronomy
"Vacas" (Cows) is a food consisting of a stew, which may typically be crackling with potato hash and even tuna. The dish is wrapped by a thin layer of bread. There is also a sweet bread stuffed with melted cheese, known by the name "Gallo" (Rooster). Sweets are also made with jamoncillo milk, cheeses and sausages. In recent years "gorditas" have enjoyed considerable fame among visitors who come to town to taste them.
Notable residents
Antonio Plaza Llamas (1830-1882), poet, soldier and journalist.
Fernando de Córdoba and Bocanegra (1565-1589). Third mayorazgo of Apaseo, Castilian and Latin poet, musician, painter and horseman. In 1586 he resigned to primogeniture and lived a life of poverty, charity to the sick Indians, penance and contemplation.
Andres Quiles Galindo (1673-1719), a Franciscan friar and lawyer. Regent of Studies, consultant and assessor of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, proministro provincial of the Franciscan Province of San Pedro and San Pablo de Michoacan. Attorney General of the Franciscan Provinces of India. Presented by King Felipe V of Spain on February 9, 1718 as Bishop of the Diocese of León (Nicaragua) currently Archdiocese of Managua, without taking possession died in Seville on July 2, 1719.
Priest Fr. Efren Flores Rico (1889-1986) Benefactor of the city. he supported the Parochial Schools boys and girls as the congregation of Verbo Encarnado and the Marianist Brothers. He also created the first high school in 1956 with his Vicar Fr. D. Sereno and Dr. Abel Navarrol. He made possible the renovation and improvement of access across the street and the square in La Villita, a temple dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe.
Francisco Fernández de Herrera and Antonio Merino Arevalo (1755-1824), landowner and merchant, Mayor of Celaya in 1805 and second Mayor in the same city in 1810. On leaving the royal authorities Celaya by the approach of Hidalgo insurgents remained at his post, managing to avoid killings and robberies in the houses of the Spaniards by his influence with Hidalgo, Allende and other insurgent commanders.
José María Fernández de Herrera and Gomez (born 1788). Advocate graduated in the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico. Deputy Mayor of his hometown in 1810, Governor of Querétaro by order of the viceroy, deputy to the Second General Conference, signed the Guanajuato Constitutive Act of the Mexican nation, repeatedly member municipalities of the cities of Querétaro and Celaya.
Marciano Tinajero and Estrada (1871-1957), priest, sixth Bishop of the Diocese of Querétaro. He was born on the farm of La Nopalera then Apaseo Party, now in the Municipality of Apaseo el Alto, on November 2, 1871. Course all queretan studies in various educational institutions. He was consecrated as a priest on December 27, 1896, conciliar seminary teacher for thirteen years Querétaro, pastor of the parish of San Sebastian and Santa Ana, Chancellor of the Diocesan Curia of Querétaro, Canon of the Cathedral Chapter of Querétaro. Appointed on January 8, 1932 Vicar General of the Diocese of Querétaro. Praised Bishop of Querétaro on June 2, 1933, a responsibility he held until his death on October 27, 1957.
José Rebolledo Borja (1886-1969), lawyer. On July 10, 1917 he joined the Attorney General's Office, where he served as the Federal Public Ministry, attached first to the Attorney General and subsequently assigned to the District Court in the State of Veracruz and shortly after, the District Court in the State of Michoacán. On March 24, 1924 the Supreme Court appointed Acting District Judge in the State of Jalisco, resident in the city of Guadalajara and later tenured judge, on January 29, 1925 the High Court he was ascribed to the State of Guanajuato. Since 1926 to 1935, exercised the judicial function of District Judge in the State of Jalisco, in Mexico City, in the states of Puebla and Veracruz. On September 11, 1939 the Supreme Court conferred the appointment of Circuit Judge, where he served in the Fifth Circuit Court, resident in the city of Puebla. On January 1941 he was appointed Minister of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation by the President of the Republic, Manuel Avila Camacho, became part of the First Chamber, of which he was elected President in 1949. In 1942 he worked temporarily in the Third Chamber. For a time he was a member of the former Commission on Rank. He voluntary retired in 1952.
Jesus Cabrera Muñoz Ledo (1928-2000), diplomat and politician. He studied international relations in France, Switzerland and the United States, with grants from the French government and the United Nations. He joined to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on March 1, 1953. He served as Mexico's ambassador to several countries, which promoted the creation of several cultural institutions, and as Head of UN specialized agencies, including UNESCO. Sponsor of culture and arts in Mexico, and was a university faculty member of the Mexican Academy of History and Geography. He was a senator for the State of Guanajuato in the L and LI Legislatures of Congress.
Hector Mendoza Franco (1932-2010). Playwright and theater director. Study at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences and Humanities of the UNAM, and with a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, theater, Yale University (1957-1959). He was a fellow of the Mexican Center of Writers (1953-1954 and 1962-1963). Professor at the UNAM (1969-) of the National Theatre School Institute of Fine Arts (1960–82) and the Center for Experimental Theatre. In 1973 he was head of the Department of Theatre de la UNAM. Collaborating Journal of the University, and Diorama Dialogues of Culture supplement of the newspaper Excelsior. In movies he directed the short film The Shunammite, member of the band "Love, Love, Love" (1965), winner of the first Fourth of Experimental Film Competition. Author of the plays Drowning, Salpícame of Love (1964) (Manuel Eduardo de Gorostiza Prize, 1952), The Simple Things (Juan Ruiz de Alarcón Prize, 1953), La Camelia (1959), a Boeotia (1965), Los asesinos (1969), Night decisive in the life of Eva Iriarte (1984), From the day that Mr. Bernal died leaving us helpless (1981), Sudden Death (1988), and Phaedra (1988). National Arts Award in 1994. He died on December 29, 2010 in Mexico City.
Roberto Tapia Conyer (born 1954) is a prominent physician epidemiologist specializing in health policy. He has degrees in Public Health and Master of Science from Harvard University and a PhD in Health Sciences of the National Autonomous University of México Director General of the Instituto Carlos Slim Health from 2007 to 2013. He is currently Director of the Carlos Slim Foundation and serves as Chairman of the Board of Juvenile Integration Centers.
David Rabago Oliveros: Farm Business and lender. Great benefactor of the city. Constructor of the chapel of the Virgin of Guadalupe, Ex- Health Center (now nursery DIF), the first and only cinema in town, expansion of the City Hall offices, among others.
Luis Oliveros Rabago: Re-founder of Charreria in Apaseo El Grande, through him and with the financial support of his brother, David Oliveros, the first Lienzo Charro of the municipality which was demolished recently to build a self-service store. His teaching gave continuity to the art of Charrería in this town.
Francisco Licea y Borja: Priest and benefactor. Constructor of the temples of the Preciosa Sangre and La Villita, Portals at Jardín Hidalgo and the Column of Hidalgo, Father of the Nation.
Caraveo Refugio Aguilar (1893 - 1974), poet and cousin of Gen. Marcelo Caraveo who fought with Gen. Pascual Orozco and Emiliano Zapata. The poet José Tlatelpas wrote a book on lines of high art on this character Lunita Caraveo, entitled The Child Jesus with a foreword by the Spanish poet Juan Cervera Sanchis.
References
- ↑ "Mexican Municipality Encyclopedia". Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México. Archived from the original on 2014-10-31. Retrieved 2007-03-22.
- ↑ Presidencia Municipal de Apaseo el Grande, Gto. - Salvador Oliveros Ramírez
- ↑ Buenrostro, José G. Apaseo el Grande, la primera frontera.'Colección de Monografías Municipales. Gobierno del Estado de Guanajuato. Guanajuato, 2010.
- ↑ Devlin, Wendy. "Charreada in Guadalajara". Mexconnect. Archived from the original on 3 Sep 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
- Buenrostro José G. "Monografía de Apaseo el Grande"
- Arredondo, Benjamín. El Bable. El pasado perfecto del futuro incierto del verbo vivir
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Apaseo el Grande. |
- Apaseo el Grande official website (Spanish)
