April 4, 1981, West Bend tornado
| Formed | April 4, 1981 approximately 5 minutes |
|---|---|
| Max rating1 | F4 tornado |
| Damage | $25.0 Million (1981 USD) |
| Casualties | 3 fatalities, 53 injuries |
| Areas affected | West Bend, Wisconsin |
| 1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale | |
The April 4, 1981, West Bend tornado was a fatal F4, anticyclonic tornado that struck the Wisconsin city of West Bend in the early morning hours of April 4, 1981. It killed 3 people, and injured another 53. The tornado was largely unexpected and the storm that produced it did not display features of a typical severe storm. Because of this the National Weather Service issued only a Severe Thunderstorm Warning prior to the West Bend Tornado, causing local law enforcement to not sound the tornado sirens in time.
Meteorological synopsis
During the early morning on April 4, 1981 meteorological conditions in Wisconsin were conducive for severe weather.[1] At around 12:00am CST (0600 GMT) a thunderstorm developed and rapidly began to grow over south central Wisconsin.[1] The growing storm caused a downburst near the village of Clyman and then continued on towards West Bend.[1] The storm however did not appear to be severe, thunderstorm tops were measured to only be 26,000 feet (7,900 m) and a weak level 3 bow echo was observed by a radar in Neenah.[1] Only a few minutes after midnight (local time) while the storm was weakening the tornado touched down.[1] The tornado was extremely narrow, but it still managed to produce F3 and F4 damage only a few seconds after touching down.[1] It cut a swath of destruction through the city, killing several and injuring many more.[1] Post storm analysis determined that not only was the tornado an extremely rare occurrence given the storm's strength, but also that it was an anticyclonic tornado. The F4 tornado is one of the strongest anticyclonic tornadoes on record.[1]
Impact
The West Bend tornado killed 3 people and injured another 53.[2][3][4] It was the most intense tornado to strike Wisconsin in 1981, and caused $25.0 Million in damages.[3] Following the tornado the American Red Cross determined that around 139 structures were damaged or destroyed by the storm.[4] With many residents left homeless and the threat of more storms looming, Governor Lee S. Dreyfus declared a state of emergency freeing up the area for aid.[4] The campus of the Moraine Park Technical Institute was severely damaged by the tornado and classes were disrupted.[5]
Aftermath
It was determined that the West Bend police did not activate the city's siren system before or during the tornado.[6] The National Weather Service in Milwaukee issued a Severe Thunderstorm Warning for the area that only mentioned a confirmed tornado touchdown.[6] However because no Tornado Warning was issued for the storm, local police failed to activate the siren.[6] Nearby Dodge County did activate their siren system after damage reports.[6] The tornado showed the problems with Operational Meteorology or "nowcasting".[1] The storm did not display the typical features of a severe storm and the tornado that was produced formed while the storm was weakening, an almost unheard of event.[1]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Wakimoto, Roger (April 23, 1982). "The West Bend, Wisconsin Storm of 4 April 1981: A Problem in Operational Meteorology". Roger Wakimoto (author), Theodore Fujita (co-collaborator), Gregory S. Forbes (co-collaborator). The University of Chicago. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
- ↑ Hayes, Paul (April 5, 1981). "Sudden shift in weather set the stage". The Milwaukee Journal. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
- 1 2 "Event Record Details". National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). Retrieved 28 February 2010.
- 1 2 3 Elving, Ron (April 5, 1981). "West Bend Surveys its damage". The Milwaukee Journal. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
- ↑ Duffy, Shatzi (April 9, 1981). "Tornado damage causes institute classes to scatter". The Milwaukee Journal. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
- 1 2 3 4 Romell, Rick (April 8, 1981). "Broadcast was too 'vague' for tornado siren, police say". The Milwaukee Sentinel. Retrieved 28 February 2010.