Maria Clementina of Austria (24 April 1777 – 15 November 1801) was an Austrian archduchess and the tenth child and third daughter of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain. In 1797 she married her first cousin Hereditary Prince Francis of Naples, heir of Naples and Sicily. She was modest, well educated and kind becoming popular in her adoptive country.[2] Afflicted with frail health, she died of tuberculosis, age twenty four. Her only surviving child was the famous duchesse de Berry.
Early life
Archduchess Maria Clementina was born at the Villa del Poggio Imperiale, Poggio Imperiale then located in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, which had been ruled by her father Leopold I, Grand Duke of Tuscany (later Holy Roman Emperor) since 1765. She was named after Prince Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony, her mother's uncle and brother of Maria Amalia of Saxony, Maria Clementina's maternal grandmother.
Her father was a son of Empress Maria Theresa and her mother a daughter of Charles III of Spain and Maria Amalia of Saxony. Maria Clementina was her parents' tenth child among sixteen children. She was raised in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany where her father ruled and the family lived until 1790 when, at the death of Maria Clementina's paternal uncle, Joseph II, her father became Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and the family moved to the court of Vienna
In the same year, 1790, she was engaged to Francis, Hereditary Prince of Naples,[1] eldest surviving son of Ferdinand IV of Naples and his consort, Maria Carolina of Austria. Prince Francis was the Heir apparent to both the Neapolitan and Sicilian thrones. They were double first cousins as they shared all their grandparents in common. Their union was the last of three between the Austrian and Neapolitan royal families, the previous two being between Archduke Francis, her oldest brother and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily in 1790 after Archduke Ferdinand and Luisa of Naples and Sicily.
The marriage by proxy took place on 19 September 1790. It was a turbulent period with the Napoleonic wars afflicting the Italian peninsula and the actual wedding did not occur for several years. In the meantime, both of Maria Clementina's parents died in 1792, in a short period of time, and her brother Francis became the new Emperor. A truce with France finally allowed Maria Clementina to travel to Naples in 1797. A frigate picked he up in Trieste, and her new family awaited her at Foggia where the wedding took place on 26 June 1797. It was a simple event since it was war time.
Hereditary Princess
Maria Clementina was marked by smallpox, but was regal in her bearing. "My son loves her passionately and she reciprocates," wrote the Queen of Naples, her mother-in-law, adding that: "It is a pleasure to see them harmonize so well... I am delighted with the Princess, gentle, fresh sensible and accommodating." [3] However, Maria Clementina was homesick and her character was sullen and reserved. Some weeks later Queen Maria Carolina added about the couple: "Her husband is her husband two or three times in twenty four hours, a matter which interests her. In spite of this, there is a sadness, a boredom, an invincible disgust. I think it must be due to her health or it is unnatural, she has no taste for anything at all. It is not that she regrets her life in Vienna.... I will do everything for her happiness, although I am sowing amid brambles and on thorny soil. But she is my son's wife. Thanks to my training the young man is very much in love with her as a woman... but this may not last with so much disgust, boredom and no charm of feature, which he is fortunately too nice to notice... I shall try to win her confidence, but I am not sure of succeeding. All her wants are anticipated; nothing is lacking; she is discontented and everybody notices it."
Maria Clementina was dignified and kind. Better educated and more intelligent than her placid husband, she dominated him. The couple got along well. "Her husband adores her in every sense of the word. He says she loves him, and assuredly shows and demands many proofs of love" wrote the Queen of Naples. The couple's marital passion astonished the Queen who: "asked heaven to calm their over-excited senses by sending them children".[4] Like her husband, Maria Clementina cared little for court life. She preferred family games, moonlit walks on the terrace, and conversation.
They had two children. She died in Naples the year after she gave birth to a son. She is thought to have died from lung disease or tuberculosis. She was buried in Basilica of Santa Chiara, Naples, with her son.
After her death, her husband married Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain, again his first cousin, the youngest surviving daughter of Charles IV of Spain (brother of Maria Clementina's mother) and Maria Luisa of Parma.
Her only daughter, Carolina, married Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry in April 1816. He was the son of Charles X of France and Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy. The couple were the parents of the French pretender Henri d'Artois, comte de Chambord and the Duchess of Parma making Maria Clementina an ancestress of the present Duke of Calabria and his rival the Duke of Castro.
Issue
- Princess Carolina of Naples and Sicily (5 November 1798 – 17 April 1870) married Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry and had issue.
- Prince Ferdinando Francesco d'Assisi of Naples and Sicily (27 August 1800 – 1 July 1801) died in infancy.
Ancestry
Ancestors of Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria |
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| 16. Charles V, Duke of Lorraine |
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| 8. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine | |
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| 17. Eleonora Maria of Austria Queen Dowager of Poland-Lithuania |
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| 4. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor | |
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| 18. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans |
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| 9. Princess Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans | |
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| 19. Countess Palatine Elizabeth Charlotte of Simmern |
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| 2. Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor | |
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| 20. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor |
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| 10. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor | |
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| 21. Eleonor Magdalene of the Palatinate-Neuburg |
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| 5. Maria Theresa of Austria Queen of Hungary & Bohemia | |
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| 22. Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |
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| 11. Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel | |
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| 23. Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen |
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| 1. Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria | |
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| 24. Louis, Dauphin of France |
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| 12. Philip V of Spain | |
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| 25. Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria |
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| 6. Charles III of Spain | |
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| 26. Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma |
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| 13. Elisabeth Farnese | |
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| 27. Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg |
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| 3. Maria Luisa of Spain | |
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| 28. Augustus II of Poland Elector of Saxony |
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| 14. Augustus III of Poland Elector of Saxony | |
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| 29. Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth |
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| 7. Maria Amalia of Saxony | |
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| 30. Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor |
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| 15. Maria Josepha of Austria | |
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| 31. Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg |
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Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles and styles
- 24 April 1777 – 26 June 1797 Her Royal Highness Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria, Princess of Tuscany
- 26 June 1797 – 15 November 1801 Her Royal Highness the Hereditary Princess of Naples[1]
Notes
- 1 2 3 Acton, The Bourbons of Naples, p. 302
- ↑ Acton, The Bourbons of Naples, p. 463
- ↑ Vovk, In Destiny's Hands, p. 327
- ↑ Acton, The Bourbons of Naples, p. 304
References
- Acton, Harold. The Bourbons of Naples (1734-1825). Prion books limited, London, 1989 (first published in 1957). ISBN 1-85375-291-6
External links
Media related to Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria at Wikimedia Commons
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| 6th generation |
- Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Hetherlands*
- Catherine Michelle, Duchess of Savoy*
- Archduchess Maria*
- Anna, Queen of Spain
- Elisabeth, Queen of France
- Archduchess Maria (1555–56)
- Archduchess Maria (1564)
- Archduchess Margaret (1567–1633)
- Archduchess Eleanor (1568-80)
- Archduchess Maria (1562-67)
- Archduchess Anna Eleanor
- Archduchess Maria (1584–1649)
- Anna, Holy Roman Empress
- Anna, Queen of Poland
- Maria Christina, Princess of Transilvania
- Archduchess Catherine Renata
- Archduchess Elisabeth (1577–86)
- Archduchess Gregoria Maximiliana
- Archduchess Eleanor (1582–1620)
- Margaret, Queen of Spain
- Constance, Queen of Poland
- Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
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| 13th generation |
- Archduchess Ludovika Elisabeth
- Marie Louise, Empress of the French
- Archduchess Carolina Ferdinande**
- Archduchess Maria Caroline
- Archduchess Caroline Ludovika
- Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil
- Clementina, Princess of Salerno
- Archduchess Maria Luisa**
- Archduchess Alexandrine
- Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia**
- Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony
- Archduchess Maria Anna
- Archduchess Amalia Theresa
- Maria Theresa, Queen of the Two Sicilies
- Maria Theresa, Countess of Chambord***
- Archduchess Hermine
- Archduchess Franziska
- Archduchess Maria Caroline
- Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia
- Maria Beatrix, Countess of Montizón***
- Archduchess Maria Caroline
- Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska
- Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians
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| 14th generation | |
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| 15th generation |
- Archduchess Sophie
- Gisela, Princess Leopold of Bavaria
- Archduchess Marie Valerie
- Margarete Sophie, Duchess of Württemberg
- Archduchess Maria Annunziata
- Elisabeth, Princess Aloys of Liechtenstein
- Archduchess Maria Antonietta**
- Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony**
- Anna, Princess of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein**
- Archduchess Margareta**
- Archduchess Germana**
- Archduchess Agnes**
- Archduchess Maria Theresa**
- Karoline Marie, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha**
- Archduchess Maria Antonietta**
- Maria Immaculata, Duchess of Württemberg**
- Archduchess Henriette**
- Maria Christina, Princess Emmanuel of Salm-Salm
- Maria Anna, Princess Elias of Bourbon Parma
- Maria Henrietta, Princess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst
- Archduchess Natalie
- Archduchess Stephanie
- Archduchess Gabrielle
- Isabella, Princess Georg of Bavaria
- Alice, Baroness Waldbott of Bassenheim
- Archduchess Eleonora, Mrs. Alfons von Kloss
- Renata, Princess Hieronymus Radziwill
- Mechthildis, Princess Olgierd Czartoryski
- Archduchess Gisele
- Archduchess Sophie
- Archduchess Magdalena
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| 16th generation |
- Elisabeth Marie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
- Helena, Duchess Philipp of Württemberg**
- Rosa, Duchess of Württemberg**
- Archduchess Dolores**
- Maria Inmaculada, Nobile Inigo Neri Sereneri**
- Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio**
- Princess Maria Antonia, Mrs. Luis Pérez**
- Archduchess Assunta, Mrs. Joseph Hopfinger**
- Elisabeth, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil**
- Hedwig, Countess of Stolberg-Stolberg**
- Gertrud, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil-Trauchburg**
- Archduchess Maria Elisabeth**
- Archduchess Agnes**
- Archduchess Margarethe, Mrs. Alexander Cech
- Ilona, Duchess of Mecklenburg
- Archduchess Anna Theresia
- Archduchess Maria Kynga, Mrs. Joachim Krist
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| 17th generation |
- Descent of Charles I :
- Archduchess Adelheid
- Charlotte, Duchess of Mecklenburg
- Elisabeth, Princess Heinrich of Liechtenstein
Tuscany :
- Elisabeth, Edle Hubert von Braun**
- Alice, Baroness Vittorio Manno**
- Marie Antoinette, Baroness of Proff in Irnich**
- Archduchess Marie Christine**
- Archduchess Walburga, Mrs. Carlos Tasso**
- Archduchess Verena**
- Archduchess Katharina, Mrs. Roland Huber**
- Agnes, Baroness Peter of Fürstenberg**
- Maria Ileana, Countess Adam Kottulinski**
- Alexandra, Baroness Viktor of Baillou**
- Maria Magdalena, Baroness of Holzhausen**
- Archduchess Elisabeth, Mrs. Friedrich Sandhofer**
- Agnes, Princess Karl Alfred of Liechtenstein**
- Archduchess Maria Margaretha**
- Archduchess Ludovica**
- Archduchess Allix**
- Josepha, Countess Clemens of Waldstein-Wartenberg**
- Valerie, Margravine of Baden**
- Alberta, Baroness Alexander of Kottwitz-Erdödy**
- Theresa, Princess Rasso of Bavaria**
- Maria Inmakulata, Countess Reinhart of Hoensbroech**
Palatines :
- Archduchess Monika, Mrs. Charles de Rambures
- Archduchess Marie Christine, Mrs. Raymond van der Meide
- Archduchess Maria, Mrs. Wilhelm de Witt
- Margherita, Countess Benedikt of Piatti
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| 18th generation |
- Descent of Charles I :
- Andrea, Hereditary Countess of Neipperg
- Monika, Duchess of Maqueda
- Michaela, Countess Hubertus of Kageneck
- Archduchess Gabriela, Mrs. Christian Meister
- Walburga, Countess Archibald Douglas
- Maria Beatrix, Countess Riprand of Arco-Zinneberg***
- Isabella, Countess Andrea Czarnocki-Lucheschi***
- Maria del Pilar, Edle Vollrad-Joachim von Poschinger
- Kinga, Baroness Wolfgang of Erffa
- Archduchess Marie Adelheid, Mrs. Jaime Corcuerra
- Archduchess Viridis, Mrs. Karl Dunning-Gribble
- Archduchess Alexandra, Mrs. Héctor Riesle
- Maria Constanza, Princess of Auersperg-Trautson
- Maria Anna, Princess Peter Galitzine
- Catharina, Countess Maximiliano Secco d'Aragona
Descent of Maximilian :
- Archduchess Elisabeth, Mrs. James Litchfield
- Sophie, Princess of Windisch-Grätz
- Archduchess Marie Christine, Mrs. Clemens Guggenberg
Tuscany :
- Archduchess Marie Bernadette, Mrs. Rupert Wolff**
- Archduchess Katharina, Mrs. Niall Brooks**
- Archduchess Alicia**
- Archduchess Maria Christina**
- Archduchess Margaretha, Mrs. Andreas Baumgartner**
- Archduchess Marie Valerie, Mrs. Martin Josef Wagner**
- Archduchess Hedwig**
- Archduchess Veronika**
Palatines :
- Archduchess Johanna
- Archduchess Elisabeth
- Archduchess Celina
- Archduchess Maria Floriana
- Archduchess Sofía
- Archduchess Anna Carolina
- Archduchess Theresa
- Archduchess Sophie
- Archduchess Ladislaya
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- * also an infanta of Spain
- ** also a princess of Tuscany
- *** also a princess of Modena
- ° also a princess of Belgium
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Tuscan princesses by birth |
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| 9th generation | |
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| 10th generation | |
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| 11th generation | |
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| 12th generation |
- Helena, Duchess Philipp of Württemberg*
- Rosa, Duchess of Württemberg*
- Princess Dolores*
- Maria Immaculada, Nobile Inigo Neri Sereneri*
- Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio*
- Princess Maria Antonia, Mrs. Luis Pérez*
- Princess Assunta, Mrs. Joseph Hopfinger*
- Elisabeth, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil-Hohenems*
- Hedwig, Countess of Stolberg-Stolberg*
- Gertrud, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil-Trauchburg*
- Princess Maria Elisabeth*
- Princess Agnes*
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| 13th generation |
- Elisabeth, Edle Hubert von Braun*
- Alice, Baroness Vittorio Manno*
- Marie Antoinette, Freifrau von Proff zu Irnich*
- Princess Marie Christine*
- Princess Walburga, Mrs. Carlos Tasso*
- Princess Verena*
- Princess Katharina, Mrs. Roland Huber*
- Agnes, Freifrau Peter von Fürstenberg*
- Maria Ileana, Countess Adam Kottulinski*
- Alexandra, Freifrau Viktor von Baillou*
- Maria Magdalena, Freifrau von Holzhausen*
- Princess Elisabeth, Mrs. Friedrich Sandhofer*
- Agnes, Princess Karl Alfred of Liechtenstein*
- Princess Maria Margaretha*
- Princess Ludovica*
- Princess Allix*
- Josepha, Countess Clemens of Waldstein-Wartenberg*
- Valerie, Margravine of Baden*
- Alberta, Freifrau Alexander von Kottwitz-Erdödy*
- Theresa, Princess Rasso of Bavaria*
- Maria Inmakulata, Countess Reinhart of Hoensbroech*
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| 14th generation |
- Princess Marie Bernadette, Mrs. Rupert Wolff*
- Princess Katharina, Mrs. Niall Brooks*
- Princess Alicia*
- Princess Maria Christina*
- Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Andreas Baumgartner*
- Princess Marie Valerie, Mrs. Martin Josef Wagner*
- Princess Hedwig*
- Princess Veronika*
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| 15th generation |
- Princess Tatyana*
- Princess Anabella*
- Princess Tara*
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| * also an archduchess of Austria ^did not have a royal or noble birth |
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