Archie Comics

Archie Comics
Founded November 1939 (1939-11) (as MLJ Magazines)
Founder
Country of origin United States
Headquarters location Pelham, New York
Key people
  • John L. Goldwater
  • Vic Bloom
  • Bob Montana
  • Victor Gorelick (editor-in-chief)[1]
Publication types Comic books
Fiction genres Humor, romance, superheroes
Imprints
Official website archiecomics.com

Archie Comic Publications, Inc. (or shortly known as Archie) is an American comic book publisher headquartered in Pelham, New York.[2] The company is known for its many titles featuring the fictional teenagers Archie Andrews, Betty Cooper, Veronica Lodge, Reggie Mantle, Sabrina Spellman and Jughead Jones. The characters were created by publisher/editor John L. Goldwater, written by Vic Bloom, and drawn by Bob Montana. They were based in part on people met by Goldwater "in the Midwest" during his travels throughout the United States while looking for jobs and places to stay.

Archie's first appearance in Pep Comics #22 on December 22, 1941, was drawn by Montana and written by Vic Bloom. With the creation of Archie, publisher Goldwater hoped to appeal to fans of the Andy Hardy movies starring Mickey Rooney.[3] Archie Comics is also the title of the company's longest-running publication, the first issue appearing with a cover date of Winter 1942. Starting with issue #114, the title was shortened to simply Archie.

History

MLJ Magazines

1939–1946: Early years

Maurice Coyne, Louis Silberkleit, and John L. Goldwater formed MLJ Magazines and started publishing in November 1939. The company name was derived from the initials of the partners' first names.[4]

Coyne served as MLJ's bookkeeper and CFO. Coyne and Silberkleit had been partners in Columbia Publishing, a pulp company that published its last pulp in the late 1950s. Silberkleit had a college degree from St. John's University, was a licensed and registered pharmacist, and had a law degree from New York Law School. His efforts were focused on the business, printing, separating, distribution and financial ends of the company. John Goldwater served as editor-in-chief. Goldwater was one of the founders of the Comics Magazine Association of America, and served as its president for 25 years. The Comics Magazine Association of America is best known to comic fans for its Comics Code Authority. He was also a national commissioner of the Anti-Defamation League.[5]

MLJ's first comic book published in November 1939 was Blue Ribbon Comics with the first half full color and the last half in red and white tints. In January 1940, Pep Comics debuted with the Shield, the first USA patriotic comic book hero, created by writer and managing editor Harry Shorten and artist Irv Novick. Top Notch Comics was launched in December 1941. Until March 1944, the cover feature of Pep was the Shield when Archie took over the cover. The Shield was a forerunner for Joe Simon's and Jack Kirby's Captain America, being published 14 months earlier.[3][6]

Archie Comics

1946–1990s

The Andy Hardy movies were an inspiration for Goldwater to have a comic book about a relatable normal person. Teenaged Archibald "Chick" Andrews debuted with Betty Cooper in Pep Comics #22 (Dec. 1941), in a story by writer Vic Bloom and artist Bob Montana.[3] Archie soon became MLJ Magazine's headliner, which led to the company changing its name to Archie Comic Publications. Siberkleit and Coyne discontinued Columbia Publications.[3] In the late 1950s, Archie Publishing launched its "Archie Adventure Series" line with a new version of the Shield and two new characters.[4]

The February 1962 issue of Harvey Kurtzman's Help! magazine featured his parody of the Archie characters in its Goodman Beaver story, "Goodman Goes Playboy", which was illustrated by frequent collaborator Will Elder.[7] A parody of the sybaritic Playboy lifestyle, the article featured various characters drinking, living out of wedlock, stealing cars, becoming pregnant, attending an orgy, and selling their soul to Satan. Help! publisher Jim Warren received a letter on December 6, 1961, accusing Help! of copyright infringement and demanding removal of the offending issue from newsstands. Warren couldn't recall the magazine,[8] but agreed to settle out of court rather than risk an expensive lawsuit. Warren paid Archie Comics $1000, and ran a note of apology in a subsequent issue of Help!.[9] The story was reprinted in the book collection Executive Comic Book in 1962, with the artwork modified by Elder to obscure the appearance of the Archie characters. Archie Comics found their appearance still too close to its copyrighted properties, and threatened another lawsuit. Kurtzman and Elder settled out of court by handing over the copyright to the story. Archie Comics held onto the copyright and refused to allow the story to be republished. A request from Denis Kitchen in 1983 to include the story in his Goodman Beaver reprint collection was turned down.[8] After The Comics Journal co-owner Gary Groth discovered that Archie Comics had let the copyright on "Goodman Goes Playboy" expire, he had the story reprinted in The Comics Journal #262 (September 2004),[10] and made it available as a PDF on the magazine's website.[11][12]

In the mid-1960s, during the period fans and historians call the Silver Age of Comic Books, Archie switched its superheroes to a new imprint, "Mighty Comics Group", with the MLJ heroes done in the campy humor of the Batman TV show. This imprint ended in 1967.[4]

In the early 1970s, Archie Enterprises Inc. went public. Just over 10 years later, Louis Silberkleit's son Michael and John Goldwater's son Richard returned Archie Comic Publications to private ownership.[3] Michael Silberkleit served as chairman and co-publisher, while Richard Goldwater served as president and co-publisher.[13] Coyne retired in the 1970s as CFO.[3]

Archie launched a short-lived fantasy and horror imprint, Red Circle Comics, in the 1970s. The company revived that imprint in the 1980s for its brief line of superheroes comics.[4] Later in the 1980s, Archie planned to publish superheroes again with the Spectrum Comics imprint, featuring a number of high-profile talents, but cancelled this attempt before publishing a single issue.[14]

Having licensed Archie's MLJ Superheroes in 1991, DC Comics launched its imprint Impact Comics with these heroes.[15][16]

2000s

On April 4, 2003, Dad's Garage Theatre Company in Atlanta was scheduled to debut a new play by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa, Archie's Weird Fantasy, which depicted Riverdale's most famous resident coming out of the closet and moving to New York. The day before the play was scheduled to open, Archie Comics issued a cease and desist order, threatening litigation if the play proceeded as written. Dad's Garage artistic director Sean Daniels said, "The play was to depict Archie and his pals from Riverdale growing up, coming out and facing censorship. Archie Comics thought if Archie was portrayed as being gay, that would dilute and tarnish his image."[17] It opened a few days later as "Weird Comic Book Fantasy" with the character names changed.[18]

Bill Yoshida learned comic book lettering from Ben Oda and was hired in 1965 by Archie Comics, where he averaged 75 pages a week for 40 years for an approximate total of 156,000 pages.[19]

Archie Comics sued music duo The Veronicas for trademark infringement in 2005 over the band's name, which Archie Comics alleges was taken from the comic book character. Archie Comics and Sire Records (The Veronicas' record company) reached a settlement involving co-promotion.[20]

In 2008, Archie Publications once again licensed DC Comics its MLJ Super heroes for a DC Universe integrated line, Red Circle.[15]

2010–present

Following Richard Goldwater's death in 2007 and Michael Silberkleit's in 2008, Silberkleit's widow Nancy and Goldwater's half brother Jonathan became co-CEOs in 2009.[13] Nancy Silberkleit, a former elementary-school art teacher, was given responsibility for scholastic and theater projects, and Jon Goldwater, a former rock/pop music manager, was responsible for all the other company elements.[13] The company sued Silberkleit in July 2011, and Goldwater filed another lawsuit against her in January 2012, alleging she was making bad business decisions and alienating staff; she in turn sued him for defamation.[13] As of February 2012, New York Supreme Court Justice Shirley Kornreich, in Manhattan, fined Silberkleit $500 for violating the court's autumn order to temporarily barring her from the company's headquarters, and said the court might appoint a temporary receiver to protect the company's assets.[13]

Beginning in 2010, the company partnered with Random House Publisher Services for its bookstore distribution which included trade paperbacks, children’s book formats and additional book formats. Archie Comics only published 11 book titles that year but after the new partnership those numbers grew to 33 in 2012, and 40 in 2013. The company's sales also increased by 410% for books and 1,000% for e-books since 2010.[1] In February 2010, Archie Comics partnered with A Squared Entertainment and POW! Entertainment to create Stan Lee Comics, a print and digital line.[21] Beginning in July 2010, the first issue of Life with Archie: The Married Life, a series featuring two storylines exploring possible futures where Archie married either Betty or Veronica that also dealt with adult issues such as death, marriage woes, financial problems and gun control, was released.[22] Kevin Keller, the first openly gay character in Archie Comics, first appeared in Veronica #202 in September.[23] The issue sold out prompting Archie Comics to issue their first ever re-print.[24] In June 2011, Keller was featured in his own four-part miniseries.[25] After the success of the character and his self-titled mini-series, Kevin Keller was given his own comic book beginning in early 2012 that was published bi-monthly.

In March 2011, a copy of Archie Comics #1, first published in 1942, was sold at auction for $167,300, a record for a non-superhero comic book.[26] In April 2011, Archie Comics became the first mainstream publisher to make its entire line available digitally on the same day as the print release accomplishing this five months before DC Comics and eleven months before Marvel Comics.[27] At the New York Comic Con in October 2011, Archie Comics announced that their superheroes would return as an all-digital line under the Red Circle imprint, a subscription model with back-issue archive access.[16] The imprint started in 2012 with a new New Crusaders series.[28]

In October 2013, Archie Comics launched their first horror title Afterlife with Archie, depicting Archie and his gang dealing with a zombie apocalypse which begins in their hometown of Riverdale. Afterlife with Archie was also their first title to be sold only in comic shops and carry a rating of "TEEN+".[29] The success of the series led to another horror series, Chilling Adventures of Sabrina, which debuted in October 2014.[30][31]

On April 9, 2014, Archie Comics announced that Archie Andrews would die in the July 2014 issue of Life with Archie: The Married Life which would also be the second-to-last issue of the series.[32] Archie Comics CEO Jon Goldwater verified that in both parallel futures covered by the Life with Archie series, Archie's final fate is the same.[33] On July 2014, it was revealed that Archie would be killed saving Kevin Keller from an assassination attempt from a stalker's bullet.[34]

In July 2014, Archie Comics announced that the Red Circle imprint would be relaunched as Dark Circle Comics in early 2015 with the past continuity removed. It was also announced that the ongoing titles would follow a self-contained five-issue arc while taking a brief hiatus to allow for the publication of trade collections.[35] Dark Circle Comics officially debuted with the release of the first issue of The Black Hood in February 2015. It was followed by The Fox in April, The Shield in October, and The Hangman in November.

In March 2015, after a suspending of publication of its two horror books, Archie Comics announced that they would return under a new imprint, Archie Horror, with Chilling Adventures of Sabrina #2 and Afterlife with Archie #8 being released in April and May.[36]

In December 2014, Archie Comics announced that Archie would being getting relaunched for the first time since 1942 with a new first issue being released in 2015.[37] On May 11, 2015, Archie Comics launched a $350,000 Kickstarter campaign to help them get three more planned series set in the 'New Riverdale out to the public sooner. These included a new Jughead series, Life with Kevin focusing on Kevin Keller, and a new Betty and Veronica series.[38] Five days later, Archie Comics cancelled their Kickstarter after negative critical response. They stated that the three titles will still be published although on a delayed timeline.[39] The first title in their "New Riverdale" universe, Archie was released in July and came in at #7 for comic book sales for the month.[40] The next title, Jughead, was released in October. In April 2015, Archie Comics announced Betty and Veronica set for release in July 2015. Also announced was Life with Kevin, a digital-first mini-series set to debut in June 2015.[41]

Characters

Archie and Riverdale

Archie is set in the small town of Riverdale. While the state or even the general location of the town is unspecified, John L. Goldwater attended Horace Mann School in the Riverdale section of The Bronx, New York City. In the early years of Archie, Riverdale was located in Massachusetts, with Mr. Lodge being a senator for that state, but this is no longer considered canon. Drawings of Riverdale High School appeared to follow the general design of the original high school, now City Hall, in Haverhill, Massachusetts. "The Thinker" statue still sits outside the front entrance, just like it did in the comic strip.

The New York Times postulated that "the cartoonist Bob Montana inked the original likenesses of Archie and his pals and plopped them in an idyllic Midwestern community named Riverdale because Mr. Goldwater, a New Yorker, had fond memories of time spent in Hiawatha, Kansas."[42]

For the comics' 60th anniversary in 2002, several geographical and historical hints to the location of Riverdale were printed in every digest issue. At the end of the year, it was revealed that the hints point to Riverdale being located in the "Missouri area," but that officially Riverdale has no location. It is essentially located wherever the reader wants it to be. Indeed, the geography of Riverdale is far too inconsistent for it to be any one specific location (see below).

Superheroes

Main article: Dark Circle Comics

Initially, MLJ started out publishing humor and adventure strips in anthology comic books as was the standard, but quickly added superheroes in their first title's second issue, Blue Ribbon Comics #2, with Bob Phantom.[4] In January 1940, Pep Comics debuted featuring the Shield, America's first patriotic comic book hero, by writer and managing editor Harry Shorten and artist Irv Novick.[6] MLJ's Golden Age heroes also included the Black Hood, who also appeared in pulp magazines[43][44] and a radio show;[44][45] and The Wizard, who shared a title with the Shield.[46]

Later revivals of the MLJ superheroes occurred under a number of imprints: Archie Adventure Series, Mighty Comics, Red Circle Comics[4] and one aborted attempt, Spectrum Comics.[14] Archies Publications then licensed them out to DC Comics in the 1990s for Impact Comics universe imprint then again in 2008 for a DC Universe integrated Red Circle line.[15][47]

Archie's Silver Age relaunch of its superheroes under the Archie Adventure Series imprint and then the Mighty Comics imprint began with a new version of the Shield and two new characters the Jaguar and the Fly.[4] In the mid-1960s with the Silver Age of Comics, Archie switched the heroes to a new imprint, "Mighty Comics Group", with the revival of all the MLJ heroes done as Marvel parodies with "the campy humor of the Batman TV show."[4] This imprint shift soon brought the company its first super hero team book similar to Marvel's Avengers with the Mighty Crusaders.[48] This imprint ended in 1967.[4]

With the conversion of Archie's Red Circle Comics from horror to superheroes in the 1980s, the Mighty Crusaders,[48] Black Hood, the Comet, the Fly and two version of the Shields had their own titles.[49]

Archie planned to publish superheroes again in the late 1980s with an imprint called Spectrum Comics, featuring a number of high-profile talents, including Steve Englehart, Jim Valentino, Marv Wolfman, Michael Bair, Kelley Jones, and Rob Liefeld. Planned Spectrum titles included The Fly, The Fox, Hangman, Jaguar, Mister Justice, and The Shield. Ultimately, Archie cancelled Spectrum Comics before publishing a single issue.[14]

In 2012, Archie Comics relaunched its superhero imprint, Red Circle Comics, as an all-digital line under a subscription model with back issues archive access starting with New Crusader.[16][28]

In 2015, Archie Comics rebranded its superhero imprint under the new title, Dark Circle Comics. It was launched in February with The Black Hood followed by the launch of The Fox in April with The Shield and The Hangman to follow in September and November.

Titles

Titles in publication as of 2016

New Riverdale

Archie Action

Archie Horror

Dark Circle Comics

The Archie Library

"New look" series

In 2007, Archie Comics launched a "new look" series of stories, featuring Archie characters drawn in an updated, less cartoony style similar to the characters' first appearance. There are a total of seven storylines and each one was published as a four part storyline in a digest series. Also each "new look" story was based on a Riverdale High novel, a series of twelve novels that were published in the 1990s. The only Riverdale High novels that were not adapted into one of these stories are The Trouble With Candy, Rich Girls Don't Have to Worry, Is That Arabella?, Goodbye Millions, and Tour Troubles due to the "new look" series ending in 2010.

Title Featured character(s) Comic Release Publication Date Riverdale High Novel Counterpart
"Bad Boy Trouble"Veronica, BettyBetty & Veronica Double Digest #151-154July–October 2007"Bad News Boyfriend"
"The Matchmakers"JugheadJughead's Double Digest #139-142April–August 2008"It's First Love, Jughead Jones"
"Break-up Blues"Moose, MidgeArchie's Pals 'n' Gals Double Digest #125-128October 2008-February 2009"The Big Breakup"
"My Father's Betrayal"Hiram Lodge, VeronicaBetty & Veronica Double Digest #170-173May–August 2009"My Father, The Enemy"
"Goodbye Forever"ArchieArchie's Double Digest #200-203July–November 2009"One Last Date With Archie"
"A Funny Kind of Love"ReggieArchie's Pals n' Gals Double Digest #135-138September 2009-February 2010"Class Clown"
"No Baseball for Betty"BettyBetty & Veronica Double Digest #180-183May–August 2010"Betty Cooper, Baseball Star"

Spire Christian Comics

Spire Christian Comics were a line of comic books not published by Archie Comics, but by Fleming H. Revell, which eventually became Barbour & Company. Through Al Hartley, one of Spire's illustrators who also worked for Archie Comics at the time, Revell obtained license to feature the Archie characters in several of its titles, including Archie's Sonshine, Archie's Roller Coaster, Archie's Family Album, and Archie's Parables. These comics used Archie and his friends to tell stories with strong Christian themes and morals, sometimes incorporating Bible scripture. In at least one instance, the regular characters meet a Christ-like figure on the beach, and listen as he gently preaches Christian values.[51] Spire Christian Comics were produced from 1972 through to the 1980s.

Reprints

Honors and awards

The United States Postal Service included Archie in a set of five 44-cent commemorative postage stamps on the theme "Sunday Funnies", issued July 16, 2010. The Archie stamp featured Veronica, Archie, and Betty sharing a chocolate milkshake. The other stamps depicted characters from the comic strips Beetle Bailey, Calvin and Hobbes, Garfield, and Dennis the Menace.[52]

Archie characters in other media

Television

Animation

In 1968, CBS began airing episodes of The Archie Show, a cartoon series produced by Filmation. Although it only lasted for a single season, it aired in reruns for the next decade, and was followed by several spin-off programs, which used segments from this original Archie show and new material. In 1970, Sabrina, the Teenage Witch got her own animated series, also produced by Filmation. In 1970, another Archie property received the Saturday morning cartoon treatment: Josie and the Pussycats. Unlike Archie and Sabrina, Josie's show was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, the company behind such animated hits as The Flintstones, The Jetsons, and Scooby-Doo, Where Are You?. The show was followed by a spin-off, Josie and the Pussycats in Outer Space, in 1972. The Archie Show, Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, Josie and the Pussycats, and several of the spin-off shows including Josie and the Pussycats in Outer Space are currently available on DVD in complete series boxed sets.

In 1987, DIC Entertainment produced an NBC Saturday morning cartoon, The New Archies. This children's television cartoon re-imagined the teenage students of Riverdale High School as pre-teens in junior high. Fourteen episodes of the show were produced, which aired during the show's only season in 1987 and were repeated in 1989. A short-lived Archie Comics series was produced bearing the same title and set in the same universe as the animated series. Reruns of the series ran on The Family Channel's Saturday morning lineup from 1991 to 1993, and on Toon Disney from 1998 to 2002. The cast was basically the same, but Dilton Doiley was replaced as the "intellectual" character by an African American named Eugene. Eugene's girlfriend Amani was another addition to the cast. Archie also gained a dog named Red.

In 1999, another animated program featuring Archie and his friends was produced by DIC Entertainment. Archie's Weird Mysteries featured core Archie characters solving mysteries occurring in their hometown of Riverdale. The show ran on the PAX network for a single 40-episode season, and continues to air sporadically in reruns on various other networks. The complete series was released on DVD in 2012. As a companion to the Archie series, DIC also produced Sabrina: the Animated Series, Sabrina's Secret Life and Sabrina: Friends Forever; the cartoons featured Sabrina and her aunts at a younger age than they were in the comic books. Tie-in comic book titles were produced for all of these series.

In 2012, it was announced that MoonScoop would produce a new Sabrina the Teenage Witch series titled Sabrina: Secrets of a Teenage Witch. It ran for a single 26-episode season on Hub Network from October 2013 until June 2014.

In 2013, MoonScoop announced that it will also produce a new Archie animated series titled It's Archie which will feature Archie and friends in junior high.[53][54] The first season was set to feature 52 11-minute episodes.[55] However, since its announcement no other information about the series has been released.

Live action

1970 Special and Archie: To Riverdale and Back Again

In the early 1970s, a live-action special of Archie and the Archie characters was aired on U.S. television. In 1990, NBC aired Archie: To Riverdale and Back Again (titled Archie: Return to Riverdale on video), a TV movie featuring Christopher Rich as a 30-something Archie Andrews who returns to his hometown for a high school reunion, and reunites with Betty, Veronica, and several other original comic book characters.

Sabrina, the Teenage Witch

In 1996, cable network Showtime aired Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, a live-action TV movie starring Melissa Joan Hart as Sabrina. The film served as the pilot for a TV series, also starring Hart, which began airing in the fall of 1996 on ABC. The sitcom was relatively faithful to the comic book series, and enjoyed a lengthy run until 2003. It is now available in its entirety on DVD, as is the original TV movie.

Riverdale

By October 2014, Greg Berlanti was developing a drama series for Fox titled Riverdale with Berlanti and Sarah Schechter as executive producers through Berlanti Productions, and Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa writing the series. It will feature Archie, Betty, Veronica, Jughead, Reggie, Kevin and Josie & the Pussycats.[56] In July 2015, the pilot was moved to The CW.[57][58] In addition to the series offering a bold, subversive take on the gang, Aguirre-Sacasa has described Riverdale as "Archie meets Twin Peaks".[59]

The pilot was ordered by the network in January 2016 with filming set to begin in the spring.[60] In February 2016, Deadline reported that K.J. Apa, Lili Reinhart, Cole Sprouse, Camila Mendes, Ashleigh Murray, Madelaine Petsch and Luke Perry had been cast as Archie Andrews, Betty Cooper, Jughead Jones, Veronica Lodge, Josie McCoy, Cheryl Blossom and Fred Andrews and in March 2016, Ross Butler, Cody Kearsley, Daniel Yang and Casey Cott were cast as Reggie Mantle, Moose Mason, Dilton Doiley and Kevin Keller.[61][62][63][64][65][66][67]

Film

In 2001, Universal Studios and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released Josie and the Pussycats, based on the comic of the same name.

In 2003, Miramax announced that they were working on a Betty and Veronica movie, but the project was cancelled.[68]

In 2013, Warner Bros. closed a deal for a live-action movie based on the Archie Comics books with Roy Lee and Dan Lin producing, Jon Goldwater, Krishnan Menon and Jon Silk executive producing, Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa writing and Jason Moore has signed on to direct. The film is described as a "high school comedy based on the original line of Archie Comics set in present-day Riverdale".[69] In an interview with Comic Book Resources, Aguirre-Sacasa has hinted about doing an Afterlife with Archie film.[70]

Broadway

In 2015, Archie Comics announced that they would be bringing Archie, Betty, Veronica, Jughead and the rest of the Riverdale gang to Broadway with an all-new musical. Adam McKay is set to write the book for the show while Funny Or Die will serve as a presenting partner. CEO Jon Goldwater and CCO Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa will oversee production. Triptyk Studios packaged the partnership and Tara Smith, B. Swibel and Adam Westbrook will oversee development of the musical for the company. At this time no creative team for the musical has been announced.[71]

Painting

In 2014, the Tripoli Gallery in Southampton, New York, displayed a collected of oil paintings by Gordon Stevenson, also known as Baron Von Fancy, featuring Archie Comic characters in adult-oriented scenes.[72]

Official site

According to Archie publisher Michael Silberkleit, the official Archie website receives 40 million hits a month.[73] There have been many Archie licensing deals and products, including Archie tattoos from Topps Chewing Gum in 1968.

On the blogs on ArchieComics.com, there also is a story starter page where the beginning of an Archie-related story is listed, and replaced once a week. Fans may write a story about the starter and post it on the blog for all to read. In a couple of weeks, if the fan wins because their story is the best, they are rewarded with either a comic subscription or a comic collector set. They may go on to win the grand prize and get their story published in an Archie comic book.

References

  1. 1 2 Reid, Calvin (May 11, 2013). "Archie Comics Grows Book Side". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
  2. ↑ "Archie Comics leaves Mamaroneck for Pelham." John Golden. May 28, 2015. Westfair Communications. Retrieved on October 20, 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Offenberger, Rik (March 1, 2003). "Publisher Profile: Archie Comics". Borderline (19). Retrieved 19 April 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Archie (MLJ) Comics at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 13, 2013.
  5. ↑ "Paid Notice: Deaths: Goldwater, John L.". The New York Times. February 28, 1999.
  6. 1 2 "The Shield". An International Catalogue of Superheroes. internationalhero.co.uk. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
  7. ↑ Goodman Beaver at Don Markstein's Toonopedia.
  8. 1 2 Harvey 2011, p. 4.
  9. ↑ Kitchen & Buhle 2009, p. 204.
  10. ↑ Markstein 2010; Petersen 2010, p. 249.
  11. ↑ Frauenfelder 2008.
  12. ↑ "Goodman Goes Playboy" public domain parody at Wikimedia Commons
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 Peltz, Jennifer (February 20, 2012). "CEOs' Clash Roils Company Behind Comic Hero Archie". Associated Press via The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 20, 2012.
  14. 1 2 3 "Archie Comics Scraps Spectrum Comics Imprint". 'The Comics Journal' (131): 5–7. September 1989.
  15. 1 2 3 Renaud, Jeffrey (October 30, 2008). "JMS Gets Brave & Bold with Archie Gang". comicbookresources.com. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
  16. 1 2 3 Gustines, George Gene (October 10, 2011). "For Archie Comics, a Return to Superheroes". New York Times. p. B5. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
  17. ↑ Hicks, Cinque (April 9, 2003). "Fallen Archies | Off Script | Creative Loafing Atlanta". Atlanta.creativeloafing.com. Retrieved August 16, 2010.
  18. ↑ Holman, Curt (2003-04-16). "Arch humor: Fantasy sends comic characters into real world". Creative Loafing. Retrieved 2012-10-28.
  19. ↑ Weiland, Jonah (April 3, 2005). "Long Time Archive Comics Letterer Bill Yoshida Dies".
  20. ↑ Archie Comics sues The Veronicas, Comics Bulletin, August 16, 2005
  21. ↑ Truitt, Brian (February 22, 2010). "Meet Stan Lee's newest super-team, 'Super Seven'". USA TODAY. Retrieved August 12, 2011.
  22. ↑ http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/09/the-life-afterlife-and-rebirth-of-an-american-icon-1.html
  23. ↑ Forbes. Com: Associated Press: "Archie Comics plans series for 1st gay character." Moore. April 1, 2011.
  24. ↑ http://www.comiclist.com/index.php/news/veronica-202-earns-first-reprint-in-archie-history
  25. ↑ http://www.newsarama.com/7807-archie-tries-to-avoid-gay-stereotypes-in-kevin-keller-series.html
  26. ↑ Melrose, Kevin (March 3, 2011). "Archie #1 sets auction record; more bookstore layoffs". Robot 6 (Comic Book Resources). Retrieved March 4, 2011.
  27. ↑ http://www.wired.com/2014/03/archie-comics/
  28. 1 2 Phegley, Kiel (October 12, 2011). "Inside the Red Circle with Archie's "New Crusaders"". comicbookresources.com. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
  29. ↑ http://www.cbc.ca/news/arts/archie-comics-veers-into-horror-with-afterlife-series-1.1929380
  30. ↑ http://www.wired.com/2014/03/archie-comics/
  31. ↑ Rivera, Joshua (March 19, 2015). "Archie Comics announces Archie Horror imprint, teases a third series following return of Sabrina and Afterlife". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 18, 2015.
  32. ↑ "Archie to die", New York Daily News; accessed April 9, 2014.
  33. ↑ Henry Hanks, CNN (8 April 2014). "Farewell, Archie: Beloved comic book character to die". cnn.com.
  34. ↑ "Archie to die taking bullet for gay friend in comic book". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  35. ↑ Truitt, Brian (July 10, 2014). "Archie to launch Dark Circle superhero line in 2015". USA Today. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  36. ↑ http://www.ew.com/article/2015/03/19/archie-comics-announces-new-horror-imprint-teases-series
  37. ↑ http://comicsalliance.com/what-archie-relaunches-in-2015-with-mark-waid-and-fiona-staples/
  38. ↑ http://www.ew.com/article/2015/05/11/archie-comics-reboot-kickstarter-announcement-details
  39. ↑ http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/archie-comics-cancels-350000-kickstarter-796003
  40. ↑ http://www.comichron.com/monthlycomicssales/2015/2015-07.html
  41. ↑ http://ca.ign.com/articles/2016/04/12/archies-kevin-keller-returns-in-new-digital-first-series
  42. ↑ Finn, Robin (April 13, 2012). "The Battle for a Comic Empire That Archie Built". The New York Times.
  43. ↑ Pulps. The Mighty Crusaders Network.
  44. 1 2 The Black Hood. International Catalogue of Superheroes
  45. ↑ Radio. The Mighty Crusaders Network.
  46. ↑ Shield-Wizard Comics. The Mighty Crusaders Network.
  47. ↑ "SDCC '08 JMS Talks DC's Brave & the Bold... and Archie???". Newsarama. July 26, 2008. Retrieved September 18, 2008.
  48. 1 2 Mighty Crusaders at Don Markstein's Toonopedia.
  49. ↑ Scott Martin. "Red Circle Index." Imprints. Mighty Crusader Network.
  50. ↑ Moore, Debi (December 14, 2014). "Archie Comics Launching Horror Imprint; Teases Third Series to Join Afterlife and Sabrina". DC.
  51. ↑ Fleming H. Revell Company (1974). Archie's Sonshine: 12–17. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  52. ↑ "US Postal Service Gives Archie a Stamp". World Stamp News. May 16, 2010. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011.
  53. ↑ ""It's Archie" Cartoon Sends Riverdale's Gang Back to Junior High". Comic Book Resources.
  54. ↑ "EXCLUSIVE: Behind The Scenes Of Animated "It's Archie" With Jon Goldwater". Comic Book Resources.
  55. ↑ ""It’s Archie"… Or Is It?". cartoonbrew.com.
  56. ↑ Andrews, Nellie (October 23, 2014). "Archie Comics Drama Series 'Riverdale' Set At Fox With Greg Berlanti Producting". Deadline.
  57. ↑ Lisa de Moraes. "Archie TV Series Pilot ‘Riverdale’ Moved To CW — Comic Con - Deadline". Deadline.
  58. ↑ Siegel, Lucas (November 5, 2015). "Riverdale Casting Breakdown Reveals Major Changes for Archie Andrews and Friends". ComicBook.com.
  59. ↑ Paxton-Gillilan, Rachel (October 26, 2014). "Riverdale Writer Says the Show Will Be "Archie Meets Twin Peaks"". IGN.
  60. ↑ C., Ron (January 30, 2016). "Archie Comics kicks off 75th anniversary celebration with major news: The CW officially picks up "RIVERDALE" live-action TV pilot". Archie Comics.
  61. ↑ Andreeva, Nellie (February 9, 2016). "‘Riverdale’ Archie Comics CW Pilot Casts Its Betty Cooper & Jughead Jones". Deadline.
  62. ↑ Andreeva, Nellie (February 24, 2016). "‘Riverdale’: Luke Perry To Play Archie’s Dad In Archie Comics CW Pilot". Deadline.
  63. ↑ Andreeva, Nellie (February 24, 2016). "‘Riverdale’ Finds Its Archie & Josie: KJ Apa To Topline CW Pilot". Deadline.
  64. ↑ Andreeva, Nellie (February 24, 2016). "‘Riverdale’ CW Pilot Finds Cheryl Blossom". Deadline.
  65. ↑ Andreeva, Nellie (February 26, 2016). "‘Riverdale’ CW Pilot Finds Veronica". Deadline.
  66. ↑ Ge, Linda (March 9, 2016). "CW’s Archie Pilot ‘Riverdale’ Casts Reggie, Moose and Dilton (Exclusive)". The Wrap.
  67. ↑ Slezak, Michael (March 12, 2016). "The CW's Riverdale Pilot Casts Newbie as Gay Student Kevin Keller". TVLine. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  68. ↑ "Betty and Veronica Comic Book to Movie". About.com Entertainment.
  69. ↑ Nikki Finke,Mike Fleming Jr. "Archie Comics Movie Deal Set At Warner Bros: High School Comedy With Zombies? Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa To Write, Jason Moore To Direct, Roy Lee-Dan Lin Producing". Deadline.
  70. ↑ "An ‘Afterlife with Archie’ Movie is Possible, Execs Say". Comic Book Resource. March 3, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  71. ↑ "Adam McKay and Funny Or Die Join Archie Comics To Create a New Broadway Musical Based on the Characters of the Beloved Comic Series ARCHIE". http://archiecomics.com. August 5, 2015. Retrieved August 6, 2015. External link in |work= (help)
  72. ↑ "I Remember It Differently" (Press release). Tripoli Gallery. 23 April 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  73. ↑ "Michael Silberkleit: Archie Andrews' Best Pal - [First Comics News]". FirstComicsNews.com. Retrieved 2010-08-16.

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