Arkley
Coordinates: 51°38′52″N 0°13′52″W / 51.6477°N 0.2311°W
Arkley is a village in the London Borough of Barnet. It consists of a long village strung out between Barnet and Stirling Corner, roughly centred on the "Gate" pub, and is composed of the ancient hamlets of Barnet Gate, Rowley Green and Arkley hamlet. It is located 10.6 miles (17.1 km) north north-west of Charing Cross, and at 482 feet (147 m) above sea level is one of the highest points in London. It is also home to one of the oldest windmills in southern England.
History
| 1901 | 483 |
|---|---|
| 1911 | 494 |
| 1921 | 959 |
| 1931 | 1,929 |
| 1941 | war # |
| 1951 | 7,536 |
| # no census was held due to war | |
| source: UK census | |
Toponymy
The origins of the name Arkley are unclear; it is first recorded as Arkleyslond in 1332. The first element of the name appears to come from the Old English word (e)arc (or ark, meaning a chest, bin or other wooden receptacle), while the second element is from leāh, a woodland clearing or glade. –lond in the earlier name means "cultivated ground". The name Arkley would thus mean "woodland clearing by the ark or by the place where arks are made".[1]
Historical background
It is thought by some that Hendon Wood Lane was originally a minor Roman road. Certainly the name, 'Grendel's Gate' (now Barnet Gate, and formally known as 'Grims Gate'), is associated with the monster from the Saxon epic, Beowulf. This implies that the place was of modest importance as early as 1005. It may have been a centre of a small but significant community, founded on a woodland economy.
The area is latter referred to in medieval documents as 'Southhaw', and may have pre-dated the settlement at Chipping Barnet. Certainly, Barnet manorial court was held here in the 13th century. From at least the early 19th century until the 1890s, Arkley was commonly known as 'Barnet Common' or 'West Barnet'. The establishment of the civil parish of 830 acres (3.4 km²) in 1894 confused matters further, as it was defined by the rural area around 'Barnet Town', and included places as far east as Duck Island and Underhill. It is from the civil parish, and the later ward of Barnet Urban District (from 1905) that we have our population statistics for Arkley. Between 1901 and 1971, Arkley's rose from 483 to 16,832. It was transferred from Hertfordshire to Greater London in 1965.
Buildings
St Peter's Church, which was designed by George Beckett, was built in 1840 as a private chapel at a cost of £5,000. It contains a wall tablet of its benefactor, Enoch Durant, who died in 1848. The chancel was added in 1898. After Durant's death the advowson was transferred to the rector of Barnet, and an ecclesiastical parish was formed in 1905.[2]
Arkley Windmill was in use by 1806. It is marked as "corn" windmill on the Ordnance Survey of the 1860s . From photographs, it appears to have had only two of its original sails by the 1890s, by which time it may have been powered by steam. It ceased to be a functioning mill during World War I, and was restored in 1930, but not as a working mill. The Gate Inn retains some of its original features. The sign, in the form of a hanging five bar gate, has an inscription which reads:
- and hinders none;
- refresh and pay,
- and travel on
According to the old article displayed on one of its walls, the Gate was once visited by Anna Pavlova and her dancing troupe. Until the early 1960s a large tree grew up from the floor of the pub and out through the roof.
Nature reserves
For its size, Arkley has more Sites of Importance for Nature Conservations than any other district in Barnet:
- Arkley Lane and Pastures
- Arkley South Fields
- Barnet Gate Wood
- Glebe Lane Pastures
- Rowley Green Common
- Rowley Lodge Field
- Totteridge Fields and Highwood Hill
In addition, Dollis Brook and Folly Brook, which are also Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation, rise in Arkley.
Geography
 |
Borehamwood | South Mimms | High Barnet | |
| Elstree |  |
Chipping Barnet | ||
| ||||
 | ||||
| Edgware | Mill Hill | Totteridge |
Local industry
Local clay has been exploited for brick-making and pottery over the centuries. During the 1950s, a 13th-century kiln at Dyke Cottage was excavated, revealing a large cooking pot, and 19th century Ordnance Survey maps mark a "Tile Works". In the 1970s, John Britten produced a small racing car named the "Arkley" in the area. A War Memorial was erected in 1920. During World War II, a listening post for German messages was maintained in the area.[3]
Arkley is also home to Arkley Golf Club, founded in 1909 and designed by James Braid and Harry Vardon.
Notable residents
- Tony Blackburn - DJ
- Graham Hill - retired F1 driver and Embassy Hill car owner, lived between Borehamwood and Shenley. He was killed when his private plane crashed on Arkley Golf Course in 1975.
- Mark Heap - actor
- Trevor Howard (1913–1988) - actor, lived for many years in Arkley and also died there.
- Humphrey Lyttelton - musician
- W. E. Shewell-Cooper - organic gardener, used Arkley Manor for many years as a home and show garden
- Norman Wisdom - comedian
- Jermaine Jenas - footballer
- Bacary Sagna - footballer
- Marouane Chamakh - footballer
Transport links
Buses
- 107 - New Barnet Station to Edgware Station via Borehamwood
- 307 - Barnet General Hospital to Brimsdown via Barnet and Enfield
- 614 - Queensbury Station to Hatfield Business Park via Barnet (Monday to Saturday)
Nearby:
- 384 - Barnet (Quinta Drive) to Cockfosters Station
Tube stations
Nearby:
References
External links
Media related to Arkley at Wikimedia Commons
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