Arsenal F.C.

This article is about the men's football club from London, England. For other football teams called Arsenal, see Arsenal (disambiguation)#Football.

Arsenal
Full name Arsenal Football Club
Nickname(s) The Gunners
Founded 1886 (1886) as Dial Square
Ground Emirates Stadium
Ground Capacity 60,260[1]
Owner Arsenal Holdings plc
Chairman Sir Chips Keswick
Manager Arsène Wenger
League Premier League
2014–15 Premier League, 3rd
Website Club home page

Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Holloway, London, that plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has won 12 FA Cups, the most of any English club, 13 League titles, two League Cups, 14 FA Community Shields, and one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and Inter-Cities Fairs Cup.

Arsenal was the first club from the south of England to join The Football League, in 1893. They entered the First Division in 1904, and have since accumulated the second most points.[2] Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division.[3] In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1988 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position.[4]

Herbert Chapman won Arsenal's first national trophies, but died prematurely. The WM formation, floodlights, and shirt numbers have all been attributed to him.[5] He added the white sleeves and brighter red to Arsenal's kit. Arsène Wenger has served the longest and won the most trophies. His teams set several English records: the longest win streak; the longest unbeaten run; and the only 38 match season unbeaten.

In 1886, Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913, the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury. They became Tottenham Hotspur's nearest club, commencing the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the Emirates Stadium in nearby Holloway. Arsenal earned €435.5m in 2014–15, with the Emirates Stadium generating the highest revenue in world football.[6] Based on social media activity from 2014–15, Arsenal's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world.[6] Forbes estimates the club was worth $1.3 billion in 2015.[7]

History

Woolwich Arsenal (in dark shirts) playing Newcastle United (in striped shirts) in an FA Cup semi-final  – the club's first ever – at the Victoria Ground, Stoke.

Arsenal Football Club was formed as Dial Square in 1886 by workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, south-east London, and were renamed Royal Arsenal shortly afterwards.[8] The club was renamed again to Woolwich Arsenal after becoming a limited company in 1893.[9] The club became the first southern member of the Football League in 1893, starting out in the Second Division, and won promotion to the First Division in 1904. The club's relative geographic isolation resulted in lower attendances than those of other clubs, which led to the club becoming mired in financial problems and effectively bankrupt by 1910, when they were taken over by businessmen Henry Norris and William Hall.[10] Norris sought to move the club elsewhere, and in 1913, soon after relegation back to the Second Division, Arsenal moved to the new Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, north London; they dropped "Woolwich" from their name the following year.[11] Arsenal only finished in fifth place in the second division during the last pre-war competitive season of 1914–15, but were nevertheless elected to rejoin the First Division when competitive football resumed in 1919–20, at the expense of local rivals Tottenham Hotspur. Some books have reported that this election to division 1 was achieved by dubious means.[12]

Arsenal appointed Herbert Chapman as manager in 1925. Having already won the league twice with Huddersfield Town in 1923–24 and 1924–25 (see Seasons in English football), Chapman brought Arsenal their first period of major success. His revolutionary tactics and training, along with the signings of star players such as Alex James and Cliff Bastin, laid the foundations of the club's domination of English football in the 1930s.[5][13] Under his guidance Arsenal won their first major trophies – victory in the 1930 FA Cup Final preceded two League Championships, in 1930–31 and 1932–33. In addition, Chapman was behind the 1932 renaming of the local London Underground station from "Gillespie Road" to "Arsenal", making it the only Tube station to be named specifically after a football club.[14]

Chart showing the progress of Arsenal's league finishes since the 1893–94 season

Chapman died suddenly of pneumonia in early 1934, leaving Joe Shaw and George Allison to carry on his successful work. Under their guidance, Arsenal won three more titles, in 1933–34, 1934–35 and 1937–38, and the 1936 FA Cup while also becoming known as the "Bank of England club." As key players retired, Arsenal had started to fade by the decade's end, and then the intervention of the Second World War meant competitive professional football in England was suspended.[15][16][17]

After the war, Arsenal enjoyed a second period of success under Allison's successor Tom Whittaker, winning the league in 1947–48 and 1952–53, and the FA Cup in 1950. Their fortunes waned thereafter; unable to attract players of the same calibre as they had in the 1930s, the club spent most of the 1950s and 1960s in trophyless mediocrity. Even former England captain Billy Wright could not bring the club any success as manager, in a stint between 1962 and 1966.[17][18][19]

Arsenal began winning silverware again with the surprise appointment of club physiotherapist Bertie Mee as manager in 1966. After losing two League Cup finals, they won their first European trophy, the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. This was followed by an even greater triumph: their first League and FA Cup double in 1970–71.[20] This marked a premature high point of the decade; the Double-winning side was soon broken up and the following decade was characterised by a series of near misses, starting with Arsenal finishing as FA Cup runners up in 1972, and First Division runners-up in 1972–73.

Terry Neill was recruited by the Arsenal board to replace Bertie Mee on 9 July 1976 and at the age of 34 he became the youngest Arsenal manager to date. With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a crop of talent in the side such as Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club enjoyed their best form since the 1971 double, reaching a trio of FA Cup finals (1978, 1979 and 1980), and losing the 1980 European Cup Winners' Cup Final on penalties. The club's only success during this time was a last-minute 3–2 victory over Manchester United in the 1979 FA Cup Final, widely regarded as a classic.[17][21]

The return of former player George Graham as manager in 1986 brought a third period of glory. Arsenal won the League Cup in 1987, Graham's first season in charge. This was followed by a League title win in 1988–89, won with a last-minute goal in the final game of the season against fellow title challengers Liverpool. Graham's Arsenal won another title in 1990–91, losing only one match, won the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1993, and a second European trophy, the European Cup Winners' Cup, in 1994.[17][22] Graham's reputation was tarnished when he was found to have taken kickbacks from agent Rune Hauge for signing certain players,[23] and he was dismissed in 1995. His replacement, Bruce Rioch, lasted for only one season, leaving the club after a dispute with the board of directors.[24]

A group of people on a red open-topped bus wave to a crowd of onlookers.
Arsenal's players and fans celebrate their 2004 League title win with an open-top bus parade.

The club's success in the late 1990s and first decade of the 21st century owed a great deal to the 1996 appointment of Arsène Wenger as manager. Wenger brought new tactics, a new training regime and several foreign players who complemented the existing English talent. Arsenal won a second League and Cup double in 1997–98 and a third in 2001–02. In addition, the club reached the final of the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup (losing on penalties to Galatasaray), were victorious in the 2003 and 2005 FA Cups, and won the Premier League in 2003–04 without losing a single match, an achievement which earned the side the nickname "The Invincibles".[25] The feat came within a run of 49 league matches unbeaten from 7 May 2003 to 24 October 2004, a national record.[26]

Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first eleven seasons at the club, although on no occasion were they able to retain the title.[17] As of July 2013, they were one of only five teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, and Manchester City, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992.[27] Arsenal had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London in the competition's fifty-year history to reach the final, in which they were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona.[28] In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury.[29]

Arsenal reached the final of the 2007 and 2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively. The club had not gained a major trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until 17 May 2014, when Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2.[30] This qualified them for the 2014 FA Community Shield where they would play Premier League champions Manchester City. They recorded a resounding 3–0 win in the game, winning their second trophy in three months.[31] Nine months after their Community Shield triumph, Arsenal appeared in the FA Cup final for the second year in a row, thrashing Aston Villa 4–0 in the final and becoming the most successful club in the tournament's history with 12 titles.[32] On 2 August 2015, Arsenal beat Chelsea 1–0 at Wembley Stadium to retain the Community Shield and earn their 14th Community Shield title.[33]


Crest

Arsenal's first crest from 1888

Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannon viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich). These can sometimes be mistaken for chimneys, but the presence of a carved lion's head and a cascabel on each are clear indicators that they are cannon.[34] This was dropped after the move to Highbury in 1913, only to be reinstated in 1922, when the club adopted a crest featuring a single cannon, pointing eastwards, with the club's nickname, The Gunners, inscribed alongside it; this crest only lasted until 1925, when the cannon was reversed to point westward and its barrel slimmed down.[34]

In 1949, the club unveiled a modernised crest featuring the same style of cannon below the club's name, set in blackletter, and above the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Islington and a scroll inscribed with the club's newly adopted Latin motto, Victoria Concordia Crescit "victory comes from harmony", coined by the club's programme editor Harry Homer.[34] For the first time, the crest was rendered in colour, which varied slightly over the crest's lifespan, finally becoming red, gold and green. Because of the numerous revisions of the crest, Arsenal were unable to copyright it. Although the club had managed to register the crest as a trademark, and had fought (and eventually won) a long legal battle with a local street trader who sold "unofficial" Arsenal merchandise,[35] Arsenal eventually sought a more comprehensive legal protection. Therefore, in 2002 they introduced a new crest featuring more modern curved lines and a simplified style, which was copyrightable.[36] The cannon once again faces east and the club's name is written in a sans-serif typeface above the cannon. Green was replaced by dark blue. The new crest was criticised by some supporters; the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association claimed that the club had ignored much of Arsenal's history and tradition with such a radical modern design, and that fans had not been properly consulted on the issue.[37]

Until the 1960s, a badge was worn on the playing shirt only for high-profile matches such as FA Cup finals, usually in the form of a monogram of the club's initials in red on a white background.[38]

The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border. This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury Stadium, including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors.[39] From 1967, a white cannon was regularly worn on the shirts, until replaced by the club crest, sometimes with the addition of the nickname "The Gunners", in the 1990s.[38]

In the 2011–12 season, Arsenal celebrated their 125th year anniversary. The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season. The crest was all white, surrounded by 15 oak leaves to the right and 15 laurel leaves to the left. The oak leaves represent the 15 founding members of the club who met at the Royal Oak pub. The 15 laurel leaves represent the design detail on the six pence pieces paid by the founding fathers to establish the club. The laurel leaves also represent strength. To complete the crest, 1886 and 2011 are shown on either sides of the motto "Forward" at the bottom of the crest.[40]

Colours

Dark red shirt, white shorts, socks with blue and white stripes
Arsenal's original home colours. The team wore a similar kit (but with redcurrant socks) during the 2005–06 season.

For much of Arsenal's history, their home colours have been bright red shirts with white sleeves and white shorts, though this has not always been the case. The choice of red is in recognition of a charitable donation from Nottingham Forest, soon after Arsenal's foundation in 1886. Two of Dial Square's founding members, Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates, were former Forest players who had moved to Woolwich for work. As they put together the first team in the area, no kit could be found, so Beardsley and Bates wrote home for help and received a set of kit and a ball.[8] The shirt was redcurrant, a dark shade of red, and was worn with white shorts and socks with blue and white hoops.[41][42]

In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit, adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red. Two possibilities have been suggested for the origin of the white sleeves. One story reports that Chapman noticed a supporter in the stands wearing a red sleeveless sweater over a white shirt; another was that he was inspired by a similar outfit worn by the cartoonist Tom Webster, with whom Chapman played golf.[43] Regardless of which story is true, the red and white shirts have come to define Arsenal and the team have worn the combination ever since, aside from two seasons. The first was 1966–67, when Arsenal wore all-red shirts;[42] this proved unpopular and the white sleeves returned the following season. The second was 2005–06, the last season that Arsenal played at Highbury, when the team wore commemorative redcurrant shirts similar to those worn in 1913, their first season in the stadium; the club reverted to their normal colours at the start of the next season.[43] In the 2008–09 season, Arsenal replaced the traditional all-white sleeves with red sleeves with a broad white stripe.[42]

Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs. In 1909, Sparta Prague adopted a dark red kit like the one Arsenal wore at the time;[43] in 1938, Hibernian adopted the design of the Arsenal shirt sleeves in their own green and white strip.[44] In 1920, Sporting Clube de Braga's manager returned from a game at Highbury and changed his team's green kit to a duplicate of Arsenal's red with white sleeves and shorts, giving rise to the team's nickname of Os Arsenalistas.[45] These teams still wear those designs to this day.

For many years Arsenal's away colours were white shirts and either black or white shorts. In the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history.[46] Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red and white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their "lucky" yellow and blue strip,[46] which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83. The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before.

When Nike took over from Adidas as Arsenal's kit provider in 1994, Arsenal's away colours were again changed to two-tone blue shirts and shorts. Since the advent of the lucrative replica kit market, the away kits have been changed regularly, with Arsenal usually releasing both away and third choice kits. During this period the designs have been either all blue designs, or variations on the traditional yellow and blue, such as the metallic gold and navy strip used in the 2001–02 season, the yellow and dark grey used from 2005 to 2007, and the yellow and maroon of 2010 to 2013.[47] As of 2009, the away kit is changed every season, and the outgoing away kit becomes the third-choice kit if a new home kit is being introduced in the same year.[48]

Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors

Arsenal's shirts have been made by manufacturers including Bukta (from the 1930s until the early 1970s), Umbro (from the 1970s until 1986), Adidas (1986–1994), Nike (1994–2014), and Puma (from 2014).[49] Like those of most other major football clubs, Arsenal's shirts have featured sponsors' logos since the 1980s; sponsors include JVC (1982–1999), Sega (1999–2002), O2 (2002–2006), and Emirates (from 2006).[42][43]

Stadiums

Main article: Emirates Stadium
A grandstand at a sports stadium. The seats are predominantly red.
The North Bank Stand, Arsenal Stadium, Highbury

For most of their time in south-east London, Arsenal played at the Manor Ground in Plumstead, apart from a three-year period at the nearby Invicta Ground between 1890 and 1893. The Manor Ground was initially just a field, until the club installed stands and terracing for their first Football League match in September 1893. They played their home games there for the next twenty years (with two exceptions in the 1894–95 season), until the move to North London in 1913.[50][51]

Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing.[52] The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.[52]

Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until the early 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to 38,419 seated spectators.[53] This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley, which could house more than 70,000 spectators.[54]

An interior view of a football stadium. There are no players on the pitch but there are spectators in the stands.
The Emirates Stadium filling up on the day of Dennis Bergkamp's testimonial

Expansion of Highbury was restricted because the East Stand had been designated as a Grade II listed building and the other three stands were close to residential properties.[52] These limitations prevented the club from maximising matchday revenue during the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, putting them in danger of being left behind in the football boom of that time.[55] After considering various options, in 2000 Arsenal proposed building a new 60,361-capacity stadium at Ashburton Grove, since named the Emirates Stadium, about 500 metres south-west of Highbury.[56] The project was initially delayed by red tape and rising costs,[57] and construction was completed in July 2006, in time for the start of the 2006–07 season.[58] The stadium was named after its sponsors, the airline company Emirates, with whom the club signed the largest sponsorship deal in English football history, worth around £100 million;[59] some fans referred to the ground as Ashburton Grove, or the Grove, as they did not agree with corporate sponsorship of stadium names.[60] The stadium will be officially known as Emirates Stadium until at least 2028, and the airline will be the club's shirt sponsor until the end of the 2018–19 season.[61] From the start of the 2010–11 season on, the stands of the stadium have been officially known as North Bank, East Stand, West Stand and Clock end.[62]

Arsenal's players train at the Shenley Training Centre in Hertfordshire, a purpose-built facility which opened in 1999.[63] Before that the club used facilities on a nearby site owned by the University College of London Students' Union. Until 1961 they had trained at Highbury.[64] Arsenal's Academy under-18 teams play their home matches at Shenley, while the reserves play their games at Meadow Park,[65] which is also the home of Boreham Wood F.C..

Supporters

For more details on this topic, see Arsenal F.C. supporters.
Arsenal against rivals Tottenham, known as the North London derby, in November 2010.

Arsenal fans often refer to themselves as "Gooners", the name derived from the team's nickname, "The Gunners". The fanbase is large and generally loyal, and virtually all home matches sell out; in 2007–08 Arsenal had the second-highest average League attendance for an English club (60,070, which was 99.5% of available capacity),[66] and, as of 2015, the third-highest all-time average attendance.[67] Arsenal have the seventh highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund, FC Barcelona, Manchester United, Real Madrid, Bayern Munich, and Schalke.[68][69][70][71] The club's location, adjoining wealthy areas such as Canonbury and Barnsbury, mixed areas such as Islington, Holloway, Highbury, and the adjacent London Borough of Camden, and largely working-class areas such as Finsbury Park and Stoke Newington, has meant that Arsenal's supporters have come from a variety of social classes.

Arsenal supporters

Like all major English football clubs, Arsenal have a number of domestic supporters' clubs, including the Arsenal Football Supporters' Club, which works closely with the club, and the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association, which maintains a more independent line. The Arsenal Supporters' Trust promotes greater participation in ownership of the club by fans. The club's supporters also publish fanzines such as The Gooner, Gunflash and the satirical Up The Arse!. In addition to the usual English football chants, supporters sing "One-Nil to the Arsenal" (to the tune of "Go West").

There have always been Arsenal supporters outside London, and since the advent of satellite television, a supporter's attachment to a football club has become less dependent on geography. Consequently, Arsenal have a significant number of fans from beyond London and all over the world; in 2007, 24 UK, 37 Irish and 49 other overseas supporters clubs were affiliated with the club.[72] A 2011 report by SPORT+MARKT estimated Arsenal's global fanbase at 113 million.[73] The club's social media activity was the fifth highest in world football during the 2014–15 season.[6]

Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbours, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as North London derbies.[74] Other rivalries within London include those with Chelsea, Fulham and West Ham United. In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in recent years when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title[75] – so much so that a 2003 online poll by the Football Fans Census listed Manchester United as Arsenal's biggest rivals, followed by Tottenham and Chelsea.[76] A 2008 poll listed the Tottenham rivalry as more important.[77]

Ownership and finances

For more details on this topic, see Ownership of Arsenal F.C..

The largest shareholder on the Arsenal board is American sports tycoon Stan Kroenke.[78] Kroenke first launched a bid for the club in April 2007,[79] and faced competition for shares from Red and White Securities, which acquired its first shares off David Dein in August 2007.[80] Red & White Securities was co-owned by Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov and Iranian London-based financier Farhad Moshiri, though Usmanov bought Moshiri's stake in 2016.[81] Kroenke came close to the 30% takeover threshold in November 2009, when he increased his holding to 18,594 shares (29.9%).[82][83] In April 2011, Kroenke achieved a full takeover by purchasing the shareholdings of Nina Bracewell-Smith and Danny Fiszman, taking his shareholding to 62.89%.[84][85] As of June 2015, Kroenke owns 41,698 shares (67.02%) and Red & White Securities own 18,695 shares (30.04%).[78] Ivan Gazidis has been the club's Chief Executive since 2009.[78]

Arsenal's parent company, Arsenal Holdings plc, operates as a non-quoted public limited company, whose ownership is considerably different from that of other football clubs. Only 62,217 shares in Arsenal have been issued,[86][87] and they are not traded on a public exchange such as the FTSE or AIM; instead, they are traded relatively infrequently on the ICAP Securities and Derivatives Exchange, a specialist market. On 10 March 2016, a single share in Arsenal had a mid price of £15,670, which sets the club's market capitalisation value at approximately £975m.[88] Most football clubs aren't listed on an exchange, which makes direct comparisons of their values difficult. Business magazine Forbes valued Arsenal as a whole at $1.3 billion in 2015.[7] Consultants Brand Finance valued the club's brand and intangible assets at $703m in 2015, and consider Arsenal an AAA global brand.[89] Research by the Henley Business School modelled the club's value at £1.118 billion in 2015, the second highest in the Premier League.[90][91]

Arsenal's financial results for the 2014–15 season show group revenue of £344.5m, with a profit before tax of £24.7m.[92] The footballing core of the business showed a revenue of £329.3m. The Deloitte Football Money League is a publication that homogenizes and compares clubs' annual revenue. They put Arsenal's footballing revenue at £331.3m (€435.5m), ranking Arsenal seventh among world football clubs.[6] Arsenal and Deloitte both list the match day revenue generated by the Emirates Stadium as £100.4m, more than any other football stadium in the world.

In popular culture

Arsenal have appeared in a number of media "firsts". On 22 January 1927, their match at Highbury against Sheffield United was the first English League match to be broadcast live on radio.[93][94] A decade later, on 16 September 1937, an exhibition match between Arsenal's first team and the reserves was the first football match in the world to be televised live.[93][95] Arsenal also featured in the first edition of the BBC's Match of the Day, which screened highlights of their match against Liverpool at Anfield on 22 August 1964.[93][96] BSkyB's coverage of Arsenal's January 2010 match against Manchester United was the first live public broadcast of a sports event on 3D television.[93][97]

As one of the most successful teams in the country, Arsenal have often featured when football is depicted in the arts in Britain. They formed the backdrop to one of the earliest football-related films, The Arsenal Stadium Mystery (1939).[98] The film centres on a friendly match between Arsenal and an amateur side, one of whose players is poisoned while playing. Many Arsenal players appeared as themselves and manager George Allison was given a speaking part.[99] More recently, the book Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby was an autobiographical account of Hornby's life and relationship with football and Arsenal in particular. Published in 1992, it formed part of the revival and rehabilitation of football in British society during the 1990s.[100] The book was twice adapted for the cinema – the 1997 British film focuses on Arsenal's 1988–89 title win,[101] and a 2005 American version features a fan of baseball's Boston Red Sox.[102]

Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a defensive and "boring" side, especially during the 1970s and 1980s;[103][104] many comedians, such as Eric Morecambe, made jokes about this at the team's expense. The theme was repeated in the 1997 film The Full Monty, in a scene where the lead actors move in a line and raise their hands, deliberately mimicking the Arsenal defence's offside trap, in an attempt to co-ordinate their striptease routine.[99] Another film reference to the club's defence comes in the film Plunkett & Macleane, in which two characters are named Dixon and Winterburn after Arsenal's long-serving full backs – the right-sided Lee Dixon and the left-sided Nigel Winterburn.[99]

The 1991 television comedy sketch show Harry Enfield & Chums featured a sketch from the characters Mr Cholmondly-Warner and Grayson where the Arsenal team of 1933, featuring exaggerated parodies of fictitious amateur players take on the Liverpool team of 1991.[105]

In the community

In 1985, Arsenal founded a community scheme, "Arsenal in the Community", which offered sporting, social inclusion, educational and charitable projects. The club support a number of charitable causes directly and in 1992 established The Arsenal Charitable Trust, which by 2006 had raised more than £2 million for local causes.[106] An ex-professional and celebrity football team associated with the club also raised money by playing charity matches.[107]

In the 2009–10 season Arsenal announced that they had raised a record breaking £818,897 for the Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity. The original target was £500,000.[108]

Statistics and records

For more details on this topic, see List of Arsenal F.C. records and statistics.
Thierry Henry is Arsenal's record goalscorer, with 228 goals in all competitions.

Arsenal's tally of 13 League Championships is the third highest in English football, after Manchester United (20) and Liverpool (18),[109] and they were the first club to reach 8 League Championships. They hold the highest number of FA Cup trophies, 12.[110] The club is one of only six clubs to have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015.[111] Arsenal have achieved three League and FA Cup "Doubles" (in 1971, 1998 and 2002), a feat only previously achieved by Manchester United (in 1994, 1996 and 1999).[17][112] They were the first side in English football to complete the FA Cup and League Cup double, in 1993.[113] Arsenal were also the first London club to reach the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing the final 2–1 to Barcelona.[114]

Arsenal have one of the best top-flight records in history, having finished below fourteenth only seven times. The league wins and points they have accumulated are the second most in English top flight football.[2] They have been in the top flight for the most consecutive seasons (90 as of 2015–16).[3][115] Arsenal also have the highest average league finishing position for the 20th century, with an average league placement of 8.5.[4]

Arsenal hold the record for the longest run of unbeaten League matches (49 between May 2003 and October 2004).[26] This included all 38 matches of their title-winning 2003–04 season, when Arsenal became only the second club to finish a top-flight campaign unbeaten, after Preston North End (who played only 22 matches) in 1888–89.[25][116] They also hold the record for the longest top flight win streak.[117]

Arsenal set a Champions League record during the 2005–06 season by going ten matches without conceding a goal, beating the previous best of seven set by A.C. Milan. They went a record total stretch of 995 minutes without letting an opponent score; the streak ended in the final, when Samuel Eto'o scored a 76th-minute equaliser for Barcelona.[28]

David O'Leary holds the record for Arsenal appearances, having played 722 first-team matches between 1975 and 1993. Fellow centre half and former captain Tony Adams comes second, having played 669 times. The record for a goalkeeper is held by David Seaman, with 564 appearances.[118]

Thierry Henry is the club's top goalscorer with 228 goals in all competitions between 1999 and 2012,[119] having surpassed Ian Wright's total of 185 in October 2005.[120] Wright's record had stood since September 1997, when he overtook the longstanding total of 178 goals set by winger Cliff Bastin in 1939.[121] Henry also holds the club record for goals scored in the League, with 175,[119] a record that had been held by Bastin until February 2006.[122]

Arsenal's record home attendance is 73,707, for a UEFA Champions League match against RC Lens on 25 November 1998 at Wembley Stadium, where the club formerly played home European matches because of the limits on Highbury's capacity. The record attendance for an Arsenal match at Highbury is 73,295, for a 0–0 draw against Sunderland on 9 March 1935,[118] while that at Emirates Stadium is 60,161, for a 2–2 draw with Manchester United on 3 November 2007.[123]

Players

First-team squad

Arsenal goalkeepers David Ospina and Petr Čech, in July 2015
As of 11 February 2016.[124]
For recent transfers, see 2015–16 Arsenal F.C. season#Transfers.

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
3 England DF Kieran Gibbs
4 Germany DF Per Mertesacker (vice-captain)
5 Brazil DF Gabriel
6 France DF Laurent Koscielny
7 Czech Republic MF Tomáš Rosický
8 Spain MF Mikel Arteta (captain)
10 England MF Jack Wilshere
11 Germany MF Mesut Özil
12 France FW Olivier Giroud
13 Colombia GK David Ospina
14 England FW Theo Walcott
15 England MF Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain
16 Wales MF Aaron Ramsey
17 Chile FW Alexis Sánchez
No. Position Player
18 Spain DF Nacho Monreal
19 Spain MF Santi Cazorla
20 France MF Mathieu Flamini
21 England DF Calum Chambers
23 England FW Danny Welbeck
24 Spain DF Héctor Bellerín
25 England DF Carl Jenkinson
27 Germany FW Serge Gnabry
28 Costa Rica FW Joel Campbell
33 Czech Republic GK Petr Čech
34 France MF Francis Coquelin
35 Egypt MF Mohamed Elneny
45 Nigeria FW Alex Iwobi

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
1 Poland GK Wojciech Szczęsny (on loan at Roma until the end of the 2015–16 season)[125]
2 France DF Mathieu Debuchy (on loan at Bordeaux until the end of the 2015–16 season)[126]
22 France FW Yaya Sanogo (on loan at Charlton Athletic until the end of the 2015–16 season)[127]
No. Position Player
26 Argentina GK Emiliano Martínez (on loan at Wolverhampton Wanderers until the end of the 2015–16 season)
32 England FW Chuba Akpom (on loan at Hull City until the end of the 2015–16 season)[128]
42 England DF Isaac Hayden (on loan at Hull City until the end of the 2015–16 season)[129]

UEFA Reserve squad

As of 23 February 2016.[130][131]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
36 France MF Ismaël Bennacer
37 Poland MF Krystian Bielik
38 England MF Daniel Crowley
43 England GK Ryan Huddart
44 Republic of Macedonia GK Dejan Iliev
46 England DF Chiori Johnson
49 England GK Matt Macey
50 England FW Stephy Mavididi
51 England DF Tafari Moore
No. Position Player
52 England DF Stefan O'Connor
53 Spain DF Julio Pleguezuelo
54 France MF Jeff Reine-Adélaïde
55 England MF Tyrell Robinson
59 England FW Chris Willock
60 England MF Marcus McGuane
62 England DF Tolaji Bola
64 England FW Josh Dasilva
67 England FW Aaron Eyoma

Former players

For a list of every Arsenal player with 100 or more appearances, see List of Arsenal F.C. players. For record appearance and goalscorer statistics, see Arsenal F.C. records#Player records.

Current technical staff

Arsène Wenger, who has been managing Arsenal since 1996.
As of August 2014.[132]
Position Name
Manager France Arsène Wenger
Assistant manager England Steve Bould
First-team coaches Bosnia and Herzegovina Boro Primorac
England Neil Banfield
Goalkeeping coach Republic of Ireland Gerry Peyton
Head of athletic performance enhancement United States Shad Forsythe
Fitness coach England Tony Colbert
Head physiotherapist England Colin Lewin
Club doctor Republic of Ireland Gary O'Driscoll
Kit manager England Vic Akers
Academy director Netherlands Andries Jonker
Under-21s coaches England Steve Gatting
England Carl Laraman
Under-18s coach Netherlands Frans de Kat
Under-16s coach Netherlands Jan van Loon

Managers

There have been eighteen permanent and five caretaker managers of Arsenal since the appointment of the club's first professional manager, Thomas Mitchell in 1897.[133] The club's longest-serving manager, in terms of both length of tenure and number of games overseen, is Arsène Wenger, who was appointed in 1996.[134][135] Wenger is also Arsenal's only manager from outside the United Kingdom.[135] Two Arsenal managers have died in the job – Herbert Chapman and Tom Whittaker.[136]

Honours

Arsenal F.C.,[137][138] statto.com,[139] Bernard Joy,[140] Michael Slade,[141] the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation,[142] and the AISA Arsenal History Society[143][144] collectively cover all listed trophies.

Seasons in bold are Double winning seasons, when the club won two FA tournaments or an FA tournament and a league title. The 2003–04 season was the only 38-match season unbeaten in English football history.

Leagues

National

Winners (13): 1930–31, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1937–38, 1947–48, 1952–53, 1970–71, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04

Regional

Winners (2): 1941–42, 1942–43
Winners (1): 1939–40

Knockout cups

European

Winners (1): 1993–94
Winners (1): 1969–70

National

Winners (12): 1929–30, 1935–36, 1949–50, 1970–71, 1978–79, 1992–93, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2013–14, 2014–15 (record)
Winners (2): 1986–87, 1992–93
Winners (1): 1988–89

Regional

Winners (11): 1921–22, 1923–24, 1930–31, 1933–34, 1935–36, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1957–58, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1969–70 (record)
Winners (1): 1958–59
Winners (1): 1905–06
Winners (1): 1890–91
Winners (1): 1889–90
Winners (1): 1889–90

Super cups

Winners (14): 1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1938, 1948, 1953, 1991 (shared), 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2014, 2015
Winners (4): 1931, 1933, 1965, 1966

Friendly cups

Winners (4): 2007, 2009, 2010, 2015 (record)
Winners (1): 2015
Winners (1): 2013
Winners (1): 2013
Winners (1): 2013
  • Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust Challenge Cup[163]
Winners (1): 2012 (shared)
Winners (2): 2011, 2012
  • Markus Liebherr Memorial Cup[166]
Winners (1): 2012
Winners (3): 2005, 2007, 2008
Winners (1): 2008
Winners (1): 2002
Winners (3): 1988, 1989, 1994
Winners (1): 1993
Winners (2): 1990, 1991
  • Zenith Data Systems British Championship[173]
Winners (2): 1953, 1989
Winners (1): 1989
Winners (1): 1984
Winners (2): 1951, 1954 (record)
  • Will Mather Manor House Hospital Memorial Trophy[144]
Winners (2): 1949, 1950
  • City of Edinburgh Cup[173]
Winners (1): 1941
  • Mayor of Colchester's Cup[177]
Winners (1): 1939
Winners (1): 1937
Winners (2): 1914, 1935
  • Northampton Hospital Charity Shield[181]
Winners (3): 1930, 1931, 1932
  • Southend Hospital Cup[182]
Winners (2): 1920–21, 1921–22
  • Metropolitan Hospital Cup[182]
Winners (1): 1920–21
  • London Professional Footballers' Association Charity Fund Match[144]
Winners (4): 1908, 1910, 1911, 1912

Arsenal Ladies

For more details on this topic, see Arsenal L.F.C..

Arsenal Ladies are the women's football club affiliated to Arsenal. Founded in 1987, they turned semi-professional in 2002 and are managed by Clare Wheatley.[183] Arsenal Ladies are the most successful team in English women's football. In the 2008–09 season, they won all three major English trophies – the FA Women's Premier League, FA Women's Cup and FA Women's Premier League Cup,[184] and, as of 2009, were the only English side to have won the UEFA Women's Cup, having done so in the 2006–07 season as part of a unique quadruple.[185] The men's and women's clubs are formally separate entities but have quite close ties; Arsenal Ladies are entitled to play once a season at the Emirates Stadium, though they usually play their home matches at Boreham Wood.[186]

Footnotes

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  10. ↑ Soar & Tyler (2005). The Official Illustrated History of Arsenal. pp. 32–33.
  11. ↑ Soar & Tyler (2005). The Official Illustrated History of Arsenal. p. 40.
  12. ↑ It has been alleged that Arsenal's promotion, on historical grounds rather than merit, was thanks to underhand actions by Norris, who was chairman of the club at the time; see History of Arsenal F.C. (1886–1966) for more details. These allegations range from political machinations to outright bribery; no firm proof of any wrongdoing has ever been found. A brief account is given in Soar & Tyler (2005). The Official Illustrated History of Arsenal. p. 40. A more detailed account can be found in Spurling, Jon (2004). Rebels for the Cause: The Alternative History of Arsenal Football Club. Mainstream. pp. 38–41. ISBN 978-1-84018-900-1.
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  179. ↑ Attwood, Tony (2 November 2010). "From Woolwich Arsenal to The Arsenal". The History of Arsenal (AISA Arsenal History Society). Retrieved 31 March 2016.
  180. ↑ "Norwich City The Early Years". Barclay End Choir. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
  181. ↑ "Memorabilia Page". Leonard's Soccer Memorabilia Site. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
  182. 1 2 "Harry White". Arsenal F.C. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
  183. ↑ "Clare Wheatley". Arsenal FC. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  184. ↑ "Arsenal Ladies Honours". Arsenal F.C. Retrieved 21 May 2007.
  185. ↑ Mawhinney, Stuart (7 May 2007). "Arsenal clinch quadruple". The Football Association. Archived from the original on 2 October 2009. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
  186. ↑ "Get to Boreham Wood". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 7 September 2008.

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