Ashfield, New South Wales

Ashfield
Sydney, New South Wales

Liverpool Road, Ashfield
Population 22,000 (2011 census)[1]
 • Density 6,290/km2 (16,300/sq mi)
Established 1838
Postcode(s) 2131
Area 3.5 km2 (1.4 sq mi)
Location 9 km (6 mi) west of Sydney CBD
LGA(s) Municipality of Ashfield
State electorate(s)
Federal Division(s) Grayndler
Suburbs around Ashfield:
Croydon Five Dock Haberfield
Croydon Park Ashfield Summer Hill
Ashbury Hurlstone Park Dulwich Hill
NASA image of Sydney's CBD and inner west suburbs, with borders of Ashfield shown in orange

Ashfield is a suburb in the Inner West[2] of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Ashfield is about 9 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of the Municipality of Ashfield. The official name for the Ashfield Local Government Area was changed to Ashfield Council in November 2011.

Ashfield's population is highly multicultural. Its urban density is relatively high for Australia, with the majority of the area's dwellings being a mixture of mainly post-war low-rise flats (apartment blocks) and Federation-era detached houses. Amongst these are a number of grand Victorian buildings that offer a hint of Ashfield's rich cultural heritage.

History

Aboriginal people

Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the area now known as Ashfield within a broader area Wangal people moved and lived, having migrated from South East Asia and then downwards. Exact numbers are unknown, some research indicates there was between 8000 and 10000 aborigines in the broader Sydney region, fluctuating with the seasons and tribal conflict. Their territory was believed to be centred on modern-day Concord and stretched east to the swampland of Long Cove Creek (now known as Hawthorne Canal). The land was heavily wooded at the time with tall eucalypts covering the higher ground and a variety of swampy trees along Iron Cove Creek. The people hunted by killing native animals and fish. Violence is known to have occurred both between tribes and within tribes, in particular towards women.

Early British settlement

By 1790, a rough track had been built between the colony's two settlements at Sydney Cove and Parramatta. This route later became the main artery of the expanding Greater Sydney and, as the northern boundary of what is now Ashfield, dictated early British settlement in the area. The first land grant in the area was made to Rev Richard Johnson in 1793 and all of it had been granted by 1810. By the 1820s, all the grants had been amalgamated into two large estates: Ashfield Park (the northern half between Liverpool Rd and Parramatta Rd) and Canterbury Estate (the area south of Liverpool Rd). Ashfield Park was named by Robert Campbell, whose father was the laird of Ashfield in Scotland.[3]

Population growth

In 1838, Elizabeth Underwood, then owner of Ashfield Park, subdivided part of her land to form the village of Ashfield between Liverpool Rd and Alt St. Part of the subdivision was the building of St John's Church in Alt St in 1841. This is the oldest surviving building in Ashfield. By 1855, the village had about 70 houses and 200 residents. However, the opening of the Sydney-Parramatta railway line that year, with Ashfield as one of its six original stations, led to a population explosion. In 1872, there were enough residents for the area to be granted a municipal council. By 1890, the population had grown to 11,000.[4]

Amesbury, a Victorian home built in 1888

During this time, Ashfield was seen as a highly desirable location compared to the city, which had become crowded and pestilent. Many grand Victorian houses were built in the latter part of the 19th century. But by the time of World War I, the suburb had fallen out of favour and the rich residents had mostly headed for the North Shore. Many of the grand homes were knocked down in the 1920s and 30s and replaced with small art deco blocks of flats or semi-detached houses. A few remain, however, and are listed in the Landmarks section.[5]

By the 1950s, the population of Ashfield had begun to fall, as it had in many surrounding suburbs, as people moved to newer houses on larger blocks of land on the urban fringe. The Council's response was to start approving large blocks of flats, many of which were built during the 1960s and 70s but which also continue to be built today. There is, however, recognition of the area's heritage with many buildings in the suburb protected by heritage orders.[6]

Industrial history

Workers in the old AWA factory in 1936
Peak Freans American biscuit factory (1937) corner Frederick Street and Parramatta Road Ashfield
Former Peek Freans biscuit factory, now a Bunnings Warehouse (2009)

While never a noted industrial suburb, Ashfield has had a couple of significant industries. On Parramatta Rd near Frederick St was the Australian Six motor car factory which opened in 1920. The site later became an AWA factory producing radio valves and other components. The site has since been turned into a commercial and residential development. On the other side of Frederick St was the Peek Freans biscuit factory, the tower of which was (and still is) a familiar site to passing motorists on Parramatta Rd. However, this factory is also no longer industrial, serving today as a large hardware store.[7]

Infrastructure

Commercial area

Shanghai restaurants on Liverpool Road

The main shopping precinct is located along Liverpool Road south of Ashfield railway station. Along this strip, there are a few medium-sized office blocks, many street-level shops and Ashfield Mall, a shopping centre containing supermarkets, a discount department store and specialty shops. This commercial area also extends into Charlotte Street and Elizabeth Street on the northern side of the station. A second commercial precinct is located along Parramatta Road consisting mostly of automotive-related retail and light industry.

Transport

According to the 2006 census, the most common way of getting to work from Ashfield was by car (46%) followed by train (41%). Ten per cent of people used buses for all or part of their journey while six percent walked and one percent rode a bike. The total patronage of public transport (46%) is more than double the rate for Sydney overall.[8][9]

Ashfield is located at the intersection of two major roads. Parramatta Road runs from Sydney city to Parramatta and ultimately continues on as the Great Western Highway through Penrith and the Blue Mountains to Bathurst. Liverpool Road runs from Parramatta Road at Ashfield to Liverpool and ultimately continues on as the Hume Highway to Melbourne via Goulburn and Albury. While completion of the Sydney Orbital Network has bypassed these two roads somewhat, they remain busy and well connected to all parts of Sydney. Another major road is Frederick/Milton Street which connects the City West Link Road at Haberfield with Georges River Rd at Croydon Park. There is also a proposal to build a tunnel connecting the City West Link Road with the start of the M4 Western Motorway at North Strathfield. However, the proposal has drawn substantial local opposition and the plan is currently under review.[10][11]

Ashfield railway station

Ashfield railway station is on the Airport, Inner West & South Line of the Sydney Trains network. Ashfield was opened in 1855 as part of the original Sydney to Parramatta railway.[12] It was renovated in 2002. There are express and all stations services to the City Circle, Homebush and Campbelltown.[13][14]

Ashfield is the terminus for three Sydney bus services: 462 & 464 (to Mortlake via Enfield & Burwood) and 466 (to Cabarita via Enfield & Burwood). Another nine routes pass through Ashfield: 418 (to Burwood and Bondi Junction), 406 (to Five Dock and Hurlstone Park), 413 (City to Campsie), 461 (City to Burwood), 490 & 492 (Drummoyne to Rockdale and Hurstville), 491 (Five Dock to Hurstville) and 480 & 483 (City to Strathfield).[15]

From the 1890s to 1948 a tram service ran from Ashfield to Enfield and Burwood. The trams were originally powered by steam, but were electrified in 1910.

There are virtually no dedicated bicycle paths in the suburb of Ashfield but there is a local bicycle users group which has worked with the Council to identify preferred routes through Ashfield for cyclists. The Strathfield-Newtown route is the most important of these, passing down Park Lane and Robert Street towards Summer Hill where it links with the Cooks River to Iron Cove Greenway Corridor providing access to those two popular local cycleways.[16]

Education

St Vincent's Primary School

Ashfield has three primary schools: Ashfield Public (on Liverpool Rd), St Vincents (a Catholic school in Bland St), and Yeo Park Infants (on Victoria St at the southern extremity of the suburb). It also has three high schools: Ashfield Boys High School (next to Ashfield Public on Liverpool Rd), Bethlehem College (a Catholic girls school in Bland St), and De La Salle College (a Catholic boys school next to Bethlehem in Bland St).

Ashfield Public is the oldest of these having been established in 1876 after much lobbying from local residents. Prior to that there had been schools operating out of the Methodist, Anglican and Presbyterian churches and there had even be a public school operating briefly out of the Methodist church between 1862 and 1866 but it wasn't till 1876 that it became a permanent fixture. In 1907, two years of secondary school were added and the school became a Superior School but it wasn't till 1965 that Ashfield Boys High was formally established and separated from the primary school.[17]

Bethlehem was the first high school in the area, established by the Sisters of Charity in 1881. It led to a Catholic primary school St Charles being established shortly after. When it burnt down in 1904, St Vincents became the replacement, taking on the name of the newly built church next door. The De La Salle school was established a little later in 1915.[18]

The year after Bethlehem was established, an Anglican girls boarding school called Normanhurst was started in Bland St. It moved to Orpington St in 1888 and stayed there till 1941 when it closed down. It produced a number of notable students including Pamela Travers (author of Mary Poppins) and tennis champion Daphne Akhurst. There were a number of other private schools in the area during this period as well but none survived to the present day.[19]

Health

There are no public hospitals in Ashfield although there are two private facilities. The Sydney Private Hospital on the corner of Victoria Street and Robert St first opened in 1931 as the Masonic Hospital. It did at one point have an Accident and Emergency Unit, an Intensive Care Unit, and a Maternity Unit. All of these were closed down in 2000 when the hospital changed ownership. It now focuses on elective surgery. The Wesley Private Hospital in Frederick Street is a well established mental health facility.[20][21]

The nearest public hospitals to Ashfield are Canterbury Hospital in Campsie and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Camperdown.

There are a surprising number of residential aged care facilities in the suburb including stand alone services and services operated by larger organisations. Most are located in large buildings that were once rather grand domestic establishments with a small number of modern, purpose built faciilites.

Landmarks

Location map of selected Ashfield landmarks

For visitors passing through Ashfield along Parramatta Road, Liverpool Road or the railway line, the three main landmarks that stand out are the tower of the old Peek Frean Biscuit factory (now Bunnings) on Parramatta Road, Wests Leagues Club on Liverpool Road next to the railway line and the Ashfield water reservoir in Holden Street to the south of the town centre. The water tower was built in 1912 and provides the water supply for the surrounding areas.[22]

Houses

Ashfield Castle, Queen Street

Ashfield Council produces a number of guides for heritage walks in the area.[23] To the south of the town centre are Plynlimmon (built 1867) in Norton St and now a child care centre; Glenore (built 1897) and Buninyong (built 1901), two adjacent properties in Tintern Road; Mountjoy (built 1870) now part of the hospital in Victoria Street; Glentworth (built 1887) also in Victoria Street and now part of a retirement village; Ashfield Castle (built 1887) in Queen Street and originally known as Ambleside; Thirning Villa, (built 1868) and now part of Pratten Park; Gallop House in Arthur Street, now part of a nursing home; and Milton in Blackwood Avenue, which was built in the 1850s and was once home to NSW Premier Sir Henry Parkes. North of the railway line are Pittwood in Charlotte Street, formerly part of a nursing home but now used by Sydney Missionary and Bible College;[24] the impressive tower of Amesbury (built 1888) in Alt Street; nearby Taringa in Taringa Street; and Gorton in Henry Street, which was built in 1860 and since 1876 has been the Infants Home.

A number of these properties are listed on the Register of the National Estate including Amesbury, Ashfield Castle, Buninyong, Glenore, Taringa and two unnamed Gothic houses at 177-179 Norton Street. Also listed on the Register are Ashfield Park (see Parks section), the police and fire station in Victoria Street, and the band rotunda in Yeo Park.[25][26]

Churches

St John the Baptist's Anglican Church, Ashfield
St Vincent's Roman Catholic Church
Ashfield Baptist Church

The first church in Ashfield was St. John the Baptist's Anglican Church in Alt Street. It was part of Elizabeth Underwood's 1838 subdivision that gave rise to the village of Ashfield and was reserved by her for the purpose of 'the erection of an Episcopalian Church'. Prior to then, Anglican church services had been held in her house. Work on St Johns began in 1840 and, after the project was taken over by colonial architect Edmund Blacket, it was consecrated in 1845. It is the oldest surviving building in Ashfield.[27]

In 1842, neighbouring landowner Robert Campbell made an acre of land between Liverpool Road and Norton Street available for a Methodist chapel and schoolhouse. In 1864, a larger building was erected on the site which still exists as the Ashfield Uniting Church. It is also home of the Exodus Foundation providing 400 meals a day to the needy.[28]

The Presbyterians didn't build a local church until 1876, choosing a site on the corner of Liverpool Rd and Knox Street. Prior to this, they had been going to St David's in Haberfield. Although they later built a larger church on the same Knox Street site, the original church is located at the South Western corner of the property, having been moved twice from its original location.[29]

Catholic services began in the area in 1880 with the establishment of Bethlehem College. Services quickly outgrew the school's small chapel and in 1894, the Vincentian Fathers started building a church in Bland Street, opposite Bethlehem. Designed by Catholic Architects Sheerin and Hennessy in a grand Romanesque style, St Vincents was completed in 1907.[30]

The Baptists held their first service in the School of Arts building on the corner of Liverpool Road and Holden Street. After building a small church further down Holden Street in 1886, they returned to the School of Arts in 1903 which then became known as the Baptist Tabernacle. In 1937, they sold the building, which was knocked down and replaced with a cinema, and moved to their current site on the corner of Holden and Norton Streets. It is Gothic in style with a landmark tower, an impressive street facade and a sympathetically designed adjoining hall.[31]

The Seventh-day Adventists have had a church in Ashfield for over 100 years. The church was first established from a series of camp meetings held in the area in the late 1890s. The current church is located on Charlotte Street.

Parks

Cricket at Pratten Park with Thirning Villa on the far side of the ground and Ashfield town centre behind that.

Ashfield Park on Parramatta Road is one of the finest urban landscapes in Sydney. It features big phoenix palms, a war memorial, a children's playground with a statue of Mary Poppins, a monument to International Mother Language Day built by former artist-in-residence Ian Marr and the Bangladeshi community, a statue of Philippines national hero Jose Rizal, a sporting field and one of Sydney's oldest bowling clubs. The park, which is just over 6 hectares in area,[32] was proclaimed in 1885 when it was claimed at the time you could 'see all the way to Martin Place'.[33]

The area's major sporting ground is Pratten Park, home of the Western Suburbs grade cricket club in summer and used by the Canterbury District Soccer Football Association in winter. There are also tennis courts and a bowling club adjacent to the main oval. Thirning Villa, located within the park, is home to the Ashfield District Historical Society and an artist in residence sponsored by the local council.[34]

The other sporting field in the area is at Hammond Park on Frederick Street. It predates both Ashfield Park and Pratten Park having begun life in 1877 as a private cricket ground. In 1888, it was intended to be the setting for the first descent of a parachute from a hot air balloon in Australia. Unfortunately, the parachutist (JT Williams) missed the mark and landed in Homebush, roughly 4 km away. This park was also the site of an ice skating rink in the late 1800s.[35]

The other parks of note in the area are Yeo Park on the southern edge of the suburb and featuring a National Heritage listed band rotunda, and Explorers Park on the corner of Parramatta Road and Liverpool Road, built to commemorate the point where many early British explorers began their journeys west and south. It also features engraved images from early indigenous people in Sydney.

Swimming pools

Ashfield Aquatic Centre has 3 swimming pools.[36] The outdoor 50m pool is open all year round and heated in winter. There is also a 25m indoor pool and a 33m water polo pool which was refurbished in 2009.

Governance

Ashfield Town Hall in 1938. The original Victorian building was extensively remodelled in the Art Deco style in the 1920s. This building was demolished in the 1970s to make way for Ashfield Mall and the current Council buildings. Photo courtesy State Library of NSW

The suburb of Ashfield is entirely within the Municipality of Ashfield, the boundaries of which have not changed since the Municipality was formed in 1872. The area also falls under the jurisdiction of the New South Wales state government and the federal government, the Commonwealth of Australia.

For federal elections, Ashfield is part of the electoral division of Grayndler, currently held by Labor's Anthony Albanese. Since 1977, it has mostly been in this Division although parts have been in the neighbouring Divisions of Lowe and Watson at various times. Previously, the suburb was in the electorate of Parkes from Federation in 1901 until 1949. From then until 1977 it was in the now abolished electorate of Evans.

For state elections, Ashfield is part of the Summer Hill electorate. Before the 2015 state election, the suburb was split between the electoral divisions of Strathfield and Canterbury. Prior to 1894, Ashfield was in the state electorate of Canterbury. From 1894 until 1999, there was a state electorate of Ashfield, which was abolished when the state government decided to reduce the total number of electorates in the state.

Politics

Voting in Ashfield since 2008
Elections Ash08[37] Fed10[38] NSW11[39][40]
First Preference Results
  Labor 32% 48% 41%
  Liberal 20% 30% 36%
  Greens 24% 18% 20%
  Independents 20% nc 2%
  Other 4% 4% 2%
nc=no candidate
Ashfield Council building

Ashfield is generally considered a safe Labor area. As the attached table shows, Labor has outpolled all other parties in the area at the most recent federal, state and council elections. However, the Liberals and Greens have strong voices in the area with the Council electing a member of the Greens Party as mayor and the northern part of Ashfield represented by a Liberal Party member in the NSW Parliament. Prior to the 1970s, the area was more conservative, generally returning members who were Free Trade, Nationalist, UAP or Liberal although it wasn't unheard of for Labor members to get elected during this period.[41][42][43]

The present council is composed of four Labor councillors, four independents and four Liberals. The current mayor is Lucille McKenna, the Council's first woman mayor.[44] Current local issues in the area include the redevelopment of Ashfield Mall and concerns about overdevelopment in general;[45] construction of the M4 East tunnel because it might lead to increased traffic pollution;[46] and the general state of the commercial area, which one councillor labelled 'Trashfield'.[47] Also contentious is Ashfield Council itself. In 2003, it was described by the Daily Telegraph as one of the worst councils in Sydney after one councillor took out a restraining order against another. Since then another councillor has been sacked for not being a bona fide resident of the municipality while other councillors have made outspoken comments on issues such as the Iraq War, bird flu, the Monarchy and 30 km/h speed limits within residential areas.[48]

Population

Demographics

Chinese lion dancing entertains a crowd in the Ashfield shopping mall.
2011 Census Ashfield
Ashfield[1] Sydney[49] Australia
Population 22,189 4,391,674 21,507,717
Median age 35 36 37
Median weekly income $1314 $1447 $1234
Born in Australia 41% 60% 70%
Born in China 15% 3.4% 1.5%
Living in houses 27% 61% 76%
Living in apartments 63% 26% 14%

In the 2011 census of Population and Housing, Ashfield had a population of 22,189 people, in an area of 3.5 square kilometres. The median age (35) was slightly younger than the national average (37) while the median household income ($1314 per week) was slightly better off than the national average but lower than the figure for the Greater Sydney region.[1]

One area where Ashfield differed markedly from the national figures was in its ethnic mix. Australian born residents are a minority with only 41% of Ashfield residents being Australian-born. Foreigner birth were from 15% born in China and 6% born in India. A fifth of the population spoke a Chinese language at home (Mandarin 14% and Cantonese 6%).[50]

The number of people professing no religion was (26%). Catholicism (25%) was the most common religion, followed by Hindus (9%), Buddhists (7%) and Anglicans (7%).[51]

The other area where Ashfield differs is its housing. Of the 8,215 occupied private dwellings counted, 63% were flats (compared to the national figure of just 14%), 27% were detached houses, while 9% were semi-detached or attached houses. The high number of flats contributed to a higher than average number of people renting (46%) compared to houses owned outright (24%) or being purchased (26%).[1]

Notable residents

Bust of Mei Quong Tart near Ashfield train station

The following notable people were born or lived in Ashfield:

Culture

Events

2007 Carnival of Cultures

The major community event in Ashfield each year is the Carnival of Cultures, a celebration of the area's multiculturalism. Held every year since 1996 in Ashfield Park, it includes performances, food stalls and children's entertainment.[52] In recent years, the Sydney Writers' Festival has also held part of its program in Ashfield as part of the regular Authors at Ashfield series of talks.[53]

Arts

Ashfield Council has developed a program of community arts in the suburb. This includes the funding of an artist-in-residence, who is based at Thirning Villa in Pratten Park. The current artist is Dubbo painter Lara Scolari.[54] Part of her residency involves artist talks, community workshops and teaching at local schools. In front of Thirning Villa is Ashfield's version of the Rosetta Stone, made by former artist-in-residence Ian Marr and featuring a passage from the Iliad by Homer in twelve different community languages. Another former artist was the writer Van Badham.[55][56]

Sport

Ashfield has a long history with the sport of rugby league. The Western Suburbs Magpies rugby league team was formed in Ashfield in 1908 and played in the inaugural New South Wales Rugby League competition that year. The club won its four premierships (1930, 1934, 1948 & 1952) while based at Pratten Park. It moved west to Lidcombe in 1967, then southwest to Campbelltown in 1987. In 2000, the club merged with the Balmain Tigers to create the Wests Tigers which splits its games between Leichhardt and Campbelltown. The Wests Leagues Club has stayed in Ashfield since 1908 despite the wanderings of its home ground.[57]

Ashfield also holds a cycling milestone when it hosted the first woman's cycling race in the world in 1888. Dorothy Morrell won the two-mile (3 km) race.[58]

References and notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Ashfield (State Suburb)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  2. ↑ Australian Suburb Guide: Sydney Inner West Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  3. ↑ Pratten, C: "A short walk through Ashfield's past", page 1>"A short walk through Ashfield's past" (PDF). Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
  4. ↑ Pratten, C: "A short walk through Ashfield's past", page 1-2>"A short walk through Ashfield's past" (PDF). Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
  5. ↑ Pratten, C: "A short walk through Ashfield's past", page 2-3>"A short walk through Ashfield's past" (PDF). Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
  6. ↑ Pratten, C: "A short walk through Ashfield's past", page 4>"A short walk through Ashfield's past" (PDF). Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  7. ↑ Pratten, C: "A short walk through Ashfield's past", page 3,21,24>"A short walk through Ashfield's past" (PDF). Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
  8. ↑ "2006 Census Community Profile Series : Ashfield (State Suburb)". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 29 July 2008.
  9. ↑ "2006 Census Community Profile Series : Sydney (Statistical Division)". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 29 July 2008.
  10. ↑ "Traffic Volume Data for Sydney Region 2002 p.23,26,33" (PDF). Roads & Traffic Authority of NSW. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 September 2007. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
  11. ↑ "M4 East shelved in roads makeover". Sydney Morning Herald. 27 April 2005. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
  12. ↑ Bozier, Rolfe, "NSWRail.Net: Ashfield Railway Station". Retrieved 3 November 2007.
  13. ↑ "Your chance to be part of the 150 years celebrations". Railcorp. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
  14. ↑ "Timetable-Inner West Line". CityRail. Archived from the original on 9 May 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
  15. ↑ "Sydney Buses Southern Region Map" (PDF). Sydney Buses. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  16. ↑ "The HCAT Innerwest Bike Map" (PDF). Marrickville South Sydney Bicycle Group. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  17. ↑ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 74-75,107-110, 211-213. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
  18. ↑ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 112-114,214-215. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
  19. ↑ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 112-114. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
  20. ↑ "The History of Sydney Private Hospital". Sydney Private Hospital. Archived from the original on 23 January 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2007.
  21. ↑ "Wesley Private Hospital". Wesley Mission. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 13 September 2007.
  22. ↑ "Ashfield Reservoir" (PDF). Sydney Water. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 September 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  23. ↑ "Ashfield Council - Heritage Walks". Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  24. ↑ Sydney Missionary and Bible College, "SMBC: About: Campuses: Ashfield". Retrieved 26 September 2007. Archived 20 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
  25. ↑ "Australian Heritage Database". Dept of the Environment, Water, Heritage and Arts. Retrieved 9 February 2008.
  26. ↑ The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan Company, 1981, p.2/11
  27. ↑ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 48-51. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
  28. ↑ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 51. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
  29. ↑ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 81-83. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
  30. ↑ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 112-114,148-149. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
  31. ↑ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 81,186. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
  32. ↑ "Ashfield Council- Our Parks". web page. Ashfield Council. 2008. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  33. ↑ "The story behind Ashfield Park" (PDF). Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  34. ↑ "Ashfield Municipal Council - Hiring Parks and Sporting Fields". Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  35. ↑ Pratten, C: "A short walk through Ashfield's past", page 4,9>"A short walk through Ashfield's past" (PDF). Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  36. ↑ Aquatic Centre | Ashfield Council
  37. ↑ "The Council of the Municipality of Ashfield Elections". Elections NSW. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  38. ↑ "Federal Election 2004 - Polling Booth Results (Grayndler)". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  39. ↑ "NSW Election 2011 - State Electoral District of Strathfield". Elections NSW. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  40. ↑ "NSW Election 2007 - State Electoral District of Canterbury". Elections NSW. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  41. ↑ "Parkes 1901-69". Dr Adam Carr. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  42. ↑ "Evans". Dr Adam Carr. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  43. ↑ "Grayndler". Dr Adam Carr. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  44. ↑ "First Female Mayor elected to Ashfield Council". Ashfield Municipal Council. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  45. ↑ "Mall plans for approval". News Digital Media. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2008.
  46. ↑ "M4 East campaign". Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
  47. ↑ "Welcome to Trashfield". News Digital Media. Retrieved 7 February 2008.
  48. ↑ "Ashfield goes slow". News Digital Media. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2008.
  49. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Greater Sydney (Capital City Statistical Area)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  50. ↑ Wise, A: "Contact Zones", page 6>"Contact Zones" (PDF). Centre for Research on Social Inclusion, Macquarie University. Retrieved 4 May 2007.
  51. ↑ "2011 Census QuickStats Ashfield". web page. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 21 June 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  52. ↑ "Carnival of Cultures". Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2007.
  53. ↑ "Authors at Ashfield". Ashfield Municipal Council. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2007.
  54. ↑ "Current Artist in Residence". Ashfield Municipal Council. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
  55. ↑ "Past Artists in Residence". Ashfield Municipal Council. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
  56. ↑ "Artist in Residence Program". Ashfield Municipal Council. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
  57. ↑ "Wests History Milestones". Western Suburbs Leagues Club. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  58. ↑ Brown, R: Collins Milestone in Australian History. Collins, 1986 ISBN 0-00-216581-3

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