Auckland Council

Auckland Council
Māori: Te Kaunihera o Tāmaki Makaurau
Unitary territorial authority

Logo
Nickname(s): Super City, City of Sails

The Auckland Region (population density) as of early 2010
Country  New Zealand
Region Auckland
Legislated 1 November 2010
Named for George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland
Wards
Government
 • Mayor Len Brown
 • Deputy Mayor Penny Hulse[1]
 • CEO Stephen Town
Area
 • Land 4,894 km2 (1,890 sq mi)
  [2]
Population (June 2015 estimate)
 • Total 1,570,500
Demonym(s) Aucklanders
Time zone NZST (UTC+12)
 • Summer (DST) NZDT (UTC+13)
Area code 09
Website www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz

The Auckland Council is the local government council for the Auckland Region in New Zealand. The governing body consists of a mayor and 20 councillors, elected from 13 wards. There are also 149 members of 21 local boards who make decisions on matters local to their communities.[3][4] It is the largest council in Australasia,[5] with a $3 billion annual budget, $29 billion of ratepayer equity,[6] and approximately 8,000 staff.[7] The council began operating on 1 November 2010, combining the functions of the previous regional council and the region's seven city and district councils into one "super council" or "super city".

The Council was established by a number of Acts of Parliament, and an Auckland Transition Agency, also created by the central government. Both the means by which the Council was established and its structure came under repeated criticism from a broad spectrum during the establishment period.

The initial Council elections in October 2010 returned a mostly centre-left council with Len Brown as mayor.[8] Brown was re-elected in October 2013, again with a largely supportive council.[9]

Predecessors

The Auckland Council took over the functions of the Auckland Regional Council and the region's seven city and district councils: Auckland City Council, Manukau City Council, Waitakere City Council, North Shore City Council, Papakura District Council, Rodney District Council and most of Franklin District Council.

The Auckland Regional Council was formed in 1989, replacing the Auckland Regional Authority. One of the mainstays of its work was expanding the parks network, and it brought into the Auckland Council 26 regional parks with more than 40,000 hectares, including many restored natural habitats and sanctuaries developed in co-operation with the Department of Conservation and volunteers.[10] A variety of often public transport-focused projects like the Northern Busway as well as significant rail and public transport investments were realised through the Auckland Regional Transport Authority, much of it supported by retaining Ports of Auckland in public hands (after the deregulation of the Auckland Harbour Board) to fund the improvements with the dividends.[10]

Establishment

Royal Commission

Until 2010, the Auckland Region had seven "City/District" authorities, plus one "Regional" authority. In the late 2000s, New Zealand's central government and parts of Auckland's society felt that this large number of Councils, and the lack of strong regional government (with the Auckland Regional Council only having limited powers) were hindering Auckland's progress, and that a form of stronger regional government, or an amalgamation under one local council, would be beneficial. Others pointed to the fact that a previous integration of the many much smaller Borough Councils did not bring the promised advantages either, and reduced local participation in politics,[11] with editorialists pointing out that the (supposedly mainly Wellingtonian) proponents of the 'super city' have carefully not made any promises of savings in light of past rises in rates and utilities bills.[12]

In 2007, the government set up a Royal Commission on Auckland Governance to report on what restructuring should be done.[13][14] The report was released on 27 March 2009[15] and the government subsequently announced that a "super city" would be set up to include the full metropolitan area under an Auckland Council with a single mayor and 20–30 local boards, by the time of the local body elections in 2010,[16][17] though it also changed some key recommendations of the Royal Commission.

Unimplemented recommendations

Some recommendations of the Royal Commission which have not been adopted or implemented:

a) give Auckland Council CCOs providing council services the opportunity to share the unified service facilities if they wish.
b) require Auckland Council CCOs providing council services to adopt the council's ICT infrastructure standards.[20]
a) reviewing the adequacy and relevance of CCO performance targets.
b) protecting the consumer's interests and advocating for them in respect of the reliability and affordability of council services. This will include reviewing services in terms of established customer service standards.
c) in the case of Watercare Services Limited, undertaking three-yearly efficiency and effectiveness reviews, incorporating international comparative industry benchmarking and an evaluation of service levels, efficiency, affordability of water, and demand management performance.[20]

Legislation

The Council was set up by three pieces of legislation, the Local Government (Tamaki Makaurau Reorganisation) Act 2009,[21] the Local Government (Auckland Council) Act 2009[22] and the Local Government (Auckland Transitional Provisions) Act 2010.[23]

Controversies

Many aspects of the reorganisation are contentious, such as whether all of the Auckland Region should be integrated into the super city, or whether the new structure allows sufficient local democracy.[24][25]

Local board powers

Many critics have argued that there was little space for "local" democracy in the new "local government" setup for Auckland, with the proposed "local boards" having little power, such as having no funding or staff of their own, and being forbidden from undertaking numerous government roles, especially where those roles might clash with regional functions such as transport or utilities. Local Government Minister Rodney Hide, in the opinion of The New Zealand Herald, ignored concerns about the "powerlessness" of the local boards.[12] Hide argued that "local boards will engage like never before" and "represent their local communities and make decisions on local issues, activities and facilities".[26]

A further concern was that candidates for local boards would have to campaign without knowing the scope of the local board's financial resources, and that a salary for a local board member of around $37,100 was insufficient for what amounted to a full-time position.[27]

Inclusion of rural areas

Numerous residents of and (to some degree) the councils of the Franklin and Rodney Districts opposed their inclusion in the new supercity, and instead campaigned for retention of their councils, or inclusion with other, more rural-focused councils in the north (such as merging the areas north of Puhoi with the Kaipara District area) or the south.

There was a perception that these rural areas would receive very little benefit in terms of infrastructure for their rates money, and that they would be swallowed up by an Auckland that has different interests and character than their communities.[28] Politicians like Rodney Hide answered that inclusion is necessary to allow a regional approach to the wider interests of the region, and that tangible benefits would ensue for all of Auckland's communities. Also, that changing the boundaries in 2010 would have a domino effect on the restructuring of the ward system for the future Auckland councillors. In turn, the opponents of inclusion argue that big city developers preferred the inclusion of the rural areas in the Auckland Council boundaries to make development and new subdivision of rural land easier.[28]

Ward sizes and boundaries

Several editorialists have criticised the size and composition of wards for the election of Auckland Council councillors. The criticism ranges from the wards being too big (and thus throwing together communities with few common interests), to some ward boundary lines being drawn against the local understanding of what constituted their community.[4]

More serious criticism was centred around the fact that urban wards contained significantly more people than some rural wards (and thus received less influence in the future Council per person) and in regards to the small number of Councillors for all of Auckland (with fewer Councillors per head than Aucklanders have MPs representing them in Parliament),[29] and the institution of two-member wards (meaning that contenders would have to field much larger and more costly election campaigns). Editorialist Brian Rudman accused the Local Government Commission of attempted gerrymandering in its draft proposal for one particular ward.[4]

Council-controlled organisations

In early 2010 a further dispute emerged. As set out in the third bill establishing the future Auckland Council, major functions (such as transport, water services and Auckland waterfront development) were to be devolved into council-controlled organisations (CCOs) controlled by unelected boards, operating at "arm's length" from Council.[30] This separation, as argued by backers of the move, had become necessary due to "local politicians [having] failed to deliver the results expected of them."[31]

The Government's plan to outsource the majority of Council's functions was decried by numerous people (including the main mayoral contenders, Len Brown, and to a lesser degree, John Banks) and groups across the political and societal spectrum – from the Auckland Regional Council and many community boards,[32] to Local Government New Zealand,[33] and organisations considered to be National Party-friendly[34] such as the Auckland Chamber of Commerce and the Employers & Manufacturers Association.[30][34] Supporters include the New Zealand Council for Infrastructure Development, a right-wing think tank.[31]

The introduction of Auckland Transport, the CCO for transport functions (with more than half the city's future rate spend),[34] was discouraged even by the government's own Treasury and Department of Internal Affairs, as well as other departments.[32][35]

The main proponents of the CCO system, Prime Minister John Key, Local Government Minister Rodney Hide and Transport Minister Steven Joyce, remained adamant about the introduction (and the appropriateness) of the system.[36][37] Others like the New Zealand Council for Infrastructure Development called the claim that the mayor and Council would have no ability to hold the CCOs accountable "farcial nonsense".[31]

The New Zealand Herald, Auckland's largest newspaper, ran a series of articles and editorials in March 2010 criticising the proposed move, which was described as "The lockout of Auckland", arguing that elected councillors would have little control over the day-to-day decisions, and potentially even over massive changes such as Auckland's waterfront development or the city's transport focus.[30] The main Herald editorials noted that the CCO concept introduced "undemocratic elements" in a number of ways, and "could not stand". They also noted that saddling the super city with this system would be the most serious handicap, and a recipe for a "frustrated and disappointed citizenry".[38]

Several editorialists went even further and accused the ACT party, and especially Rodney Hide, of preparing Auckland's assets for a sell-off, and of setting up the structure to allow it even before Aucklanders get to vote on the matter – all under the guise of a "manufactured crisis".[39][40] Others, while criticising the lack of democratic oversight, dismissed concerns about asset sales, noting that amalgamation was likely to result in surplus real estate.[41]

The Sunday Star-Times noted in an editorial that "we'll merely end up trading in political dysfunction for a quasi-commercial dysfunction forced on us by the National-led government."[42] It also criticised, in the case of Auckland Transport, that with most of the expertise, staff and planning ability being held in the "semi-autonomous" CCO, Council would not have the central planning and policy role as claimed by the proponents of the system, but would instead have to share (or compete for) this role with Auckland Transport. It also argued that the Royal Commission suggested a strong Council and subservient CCOs, not vice versa.[42]

New Zealand Local Government magazine followed the story, and criticised the lack of transparency that would ensue from establishing independent CCOs.[43]

The changes were seen as a potential "neutering" the power of the new Auckland Mayor to implement the policies on which he would be elected.[30] Further criticised were lack of accountability of the proposed CCOs, which would not have to hold public board meetings, or provide agendas or minutes.[34] Groups like 'Heart of the City' (the Auckland CBD business association) also called for stronger oversight and mayoral powers over the CCOs.[44]

Unelected Māori representation

One of the proposals that was hotly criticised by some during the initial Royal Commission proposal was the provision of elected Māori members of the Council (analogous to the Māori seat representation in Parliament).

This was later dropped from the relevant establishing laws. However, it later became clear that instead, the city's new Māori Statutory Board, appointed by the Maori Affairs Department, would receive "broadly ordained powers". These include the right to send one or two delegates, with full voting powers, to any council committee meeting and dealing with "the management and stewardship of natural and physical resources". This unelected representation of Māori on committees voting on matters such as transport or infrastructure, as well as the fact that the advisory board requested (and initially received) a $3.4 million yearly budget (called "exorbitant" by some), created significant public concern and debate.[45][46]

Structure

Mayor

Main article: Mayor of Auckland
Len Brown, the current Mayor of Auckland

The Mayor of Auckland has significant executive powers, their own staff and the ability to appoint the chairpersons of the Council's committees. Some columnists said in 2010 that the post was the second most powerful public position in New Zealand after the Prime Minister.[47][48] However, when the Minister for the Rugby World Cup, Murray McCully, took control of the Rugby World Cup fan area on the Auckland waterfront in 2011 without first notifying mayor Len Brown,[49] columnist John Armstrong declared the myth finished.[50][51]

The mayor is directly elected by voters living in the Auckland Council area every three years by postal ballot using the first-past-the-post system. Len Brown is the current Mayor of Auckland, winning the first election, which ended on Saturday 9 October 2010. The second election, ending Saturday 12 October 2013, returned Len Brown as Mayor.

Governing body

The governing body of the Auckland Council consists of the Mayor, Deputy Mayor and 19 other members. The members of the governing body are elected from thirteen wards across the Council area using the first-past-the-post system every three years at the same time as the mayor. Decision-making for the governing body's areas of oversight is done by committees, a few of which consist of the whole governing body, and most of which consist of a chairperson appointed by the mayor and a subset of the governing body members.[52]

Role Name Affiliation (if any) Ward
Mayor Len Brown
Deputy Mayor Penny Hulse West At Heart Waitakere
Councillor Arthur Anae Manukau
Councillor Cameron Brewer Orakei
Councillor Cathy Casey City Vision Albert-Eden-Roskill
Councillor Bill Cashmore Communities and Residents Franklin
Councillor Ross Clow Labour Whau
Councillor Linda Cooper Waitakere
Councillor Chris Darby Taking The Shore Forward North Shore
Councillor Alf Filipaina Labour Manukau
Councillor Christine Fletcher Communities and Residents Albert-Eden-Roskill
Councillor Denise Krum Communities and Residents Maungakiekie-Tamaki
Councillor Mike Lee Waitemata & Gulf
Councillor Calum Penrose Independent for Manurewa Manurewa
Councillor Dick Quax Howick
Councillor Sharon Stewart Howick
Councillor John Walker Independent for Manurewa Manurewa
Councillor Wayne Walker Putting People First Albany
Councillor John Watson Putting People First Albany
Councillor Penny Webster Rodney
Councillor George Wood Fair Deal For Shore [53] North Shore

Local boards

Name Population
(June 2015 estimate) 		Ward Members (subdivision)
Albert Eden Local Board 104,400 Albert-Eden-Roskill Peter Haynes Chair (Maungawhau)

Glenda Fryer (Deputy Chair) (Owairaka)

Helga Arlington (Owairaka)

Lee Anne Corrick (Maungawhai)

Rachel Langton (Maungawhai)

Margi Watson (Owairaka)

Tim Woolfield (Maungawhau)

Devonport-Takapuna Local Board 60,200 North Shore Joseph Bergin (Chair)

Grant Gillon (Deputy Chair)

Dianne Hale

Jan O'Connor

Mike Cohen

Allison Roe

Franklin Local Board 71,200 Franklin Andrew Baker (Chair) (Pukekohe)

Jill Naysmith (Deputy Chair) (Pukekohe)

Angela Fulljames (wairoa)

Malcolm Bell (Wairoa)

Lynnette Murphy(wairoa)

Murray Kay (Pukekohe)

Sarah Higgins (Pukekohe)

Brendon Crompton (Waiuku)

Alan Cole (Pukekohe)

Great Barrier Local Board 970 Waitemata and Gulf Izzy Fordham (Chair)

Susan Daly (Deputy Chair)

Judy Gilbert

Jeff Cleave

Christina Spence

Henderson-Massey Local Board 117,400 Waitakere Vanessa Neeson (Chair)

Shane Henderson (Deputy Chair)

Brenda Brady

Tracy Kirkly

William Flavell

Peter Chan

Warren Flaunty

Luke Wilson

Hibiscus and Bays Local Board 98,700 Albany Julia Parfitt (Chair) (East Coast Bays)

Greg Sayers (Deputy Chair) (Hibiscus Coast)

Gary Holmes (East Coast Bays)

Gaye Harding-Kirikiri (Hibiscus Coast)

Lovisa Rasmussen (Hibiscus Coast)

David Cooper (East Coast Bays)

Lisa Whyte (East Coast Bays)

Janet Fitzgerald (Hibiscus Coast)

Howick Local Board 142,700 Howick David Collings (Chair) (Pakuranga)

Adele White (Deputy Chair) (Howick)

Katrina Bungard (Pakuranga)

John Spiller (Howick)

Stephen Udy (Pakuranga)

Lucy Schwaner (Botany)

Robert Wichman (Botany)

Gary Boles (Botany)

Jim Donald (Howick)

Kaipatiki Local Board 90,000 North Shore Kay McIntyre (Chair)

Ann Hartley (Deputy Chair)

Lindsay Waugh

Lorene Pigg

Grant Gillon

John Gillon

Danielle Grant

Richard Hills

Mangere-Otahuhu Local Board 78,900 Manukau Lemauga Lydia Sosene

Carrol Elliott

Nick Bakulich

Tasi Lauese

Christine O'Brien

Peter Skelton

Walter Togiamua

Manurewa Local Board 90,500 Manurewa-Papakura Angela Dalton (Chair)

Simeon Brown (Deputy Chair)

George Hawkins

Angela Cunningham-Marino

MIchael Bailey

Darryl Wrightson

Kenneth Penney

Danella McCormick

Maungakiekie-Tamaki Local Board 76,500 Maungakiekie-Tamaki Simon Randall (Maungakiekie)

Christopher Makoare (Tamaki)

Josephine Bartley (Tamaki)

Bridget Graham (Maungakiekie)

Obed-Edom Unasa (Tamaki)

Alan Verall (Tamaki)

Brett Clark (Maungakiekie)

Orakei Local Board 86,400 Orakei Delsey Simpson

Kit Parkinson

Ken Baguley

Troy Churton

Colin Davis

Mark Thomas

Kate Cooke

Otara-Papatoetoe Local Board 84,500 Manukau Fa'anana Efeso Collins (Otara)

Harold Robertson (Papatoetoe)

Lotu Titi Fuli (Otara)

Stephen Grey (Papatoetoe)

Mary-Ann Gush (Otara)

Donna Lee (Papatoetoe)

John McCracken (Papatoetoe)

Papakura Local Board 51,200 Manurewa-Papakura Bill Mc Entee

Michael Turner

Stuart Britnell

Brent Catchpole

Graham Purdy

Katrina Winn

Puketapapa Local Board 59,900 Albert-Eden-Roskill Julie Fairey

Harry Doig

Michael Wood

Ella Kumar

David Holm

Nigel Turnbull

Rodney Local Board 60,000 Rodney Brenda Steele (Kumeu)

Steven Garner (warkworth)

Greg Sayers (warkworth)

Beth Houlbrooke (Warkworth)

Phelan Pirrie (Kumeu)

James Colville (Wellsford)

Thomas Grace (Kumeu)

John McLane (dairy Flat)

Warren Flaunty (Kumeu)

Upper Harbour Local Board 60,400 Albany Lisa Whyte

Brian Neeson

Margaret Miles

Christine Rankin-MacIntyre

Callum Blaire

John McLean

Waiheke Local Board 8,990 Waitemata and Gulf Paul Walden

B Treadwell

Becs Ballard

Johannes Meeuwsen

Shirin Brown

Waitakere Ranges Local Board 52,300 Waitakere Sandra Coney

Denise Yates

Steve Tollestrup

Saffron Toms

Gregory Presland

Neil Henderson

Waitemata Local Board 94,600 Waitemata and Gulf Shale Chambers

Pippa Coom

Greg Moyle

Vernon Tava

Robert Thomas

Deborah Yates

Christopher Demsey

Whau Local Board 80,900 Whau Catherine Farmer

Susan Zhu

Ami Chand

Duncan MacDonald

Derek Battersby

Simon Matafai

Ruby Manukia-Schaumkel

Council-controlled organisations

Auckland Council has six substantive CCOs and a number of smaller ones.[54]

Substantive CCOs
CCO Acronym Chief executive Value (NZD)
Auckland Council Investments Limited[55] ACIL Gary Smith Increase $2.541 billion
Auckland Tourism, Events and Economic Development Ltd ATEED Brett O'Riley N/A
Auckland Transport AT David Warburton N/A
Panuku Development Auckland - John Dalzell N/A
Regional Facilities Auckland[56] RFA Robert Domm Decrease $968 million
Watercare Services Ltd - Raveen Jaduram Increase $8.7 billion

Pānuku Development Auckland replaced Auckland Council Property Ltd and Waterfront Auckland on 1 September 2015.[57]

Michael Redman, formerly mayor, then chief executive of Hamilton City Council, was chief executive of Auckland Tourism, Events and Economic Development from November 2010[58] to October 2011.[59]

Chief executive

In March 2010, Doug McKay was announced as the inaugural chief executive officer of the Council by the Auckland Transition Agency. The 54-year-old was selected ahead of 27 other candidates, which apparently included several existing council chief executives. He had no experience in local government, but was described as having strong Auckland ties, and 30 years' corporate experience. He was to receive a salary of $675,000 and an incentive bonus of $67,500.[6]

The choice was criticised by left-wing political organiser Matt McCarten, arguing that McKay's previous tenure in the liquor industry was marked by anti-union behaviour that he did not object to, and by strong advertising of alcohol to the youth market. Compared to this, the editorial argued, the fact that McKay was to be paid three times the salary of the Prime Minister, had no local government or non-profit experience and was selected by an unelected transition authority, were all to be expected, seeing the lead-up to the new Council.[60]

Mayoral candidates John Banks and Len Brown were positive about his appointment, Len Brown noting McKay's business and restructuring experience was a "good fit", and would help improve economic performance as well as build links with businesses.[61]

McKay's contract ended in December 2013 and he was replaced by Stephen Town.

Planning documents

Auckland Plan

It is intended that the Auckland Council, as one of the major tasks of its first years, will prepare a "spatial plan" to guide Auckland's growth. This plan will cover matters such as the limits of residential development and the zoning and densities of the suburbs and areas, and will assess how elements like transport and land use are to be linked. It is intended to be one of the main documents out of which a unified District Plan will eventually grow. Some critics have noted that this spatial plan will need years to develop and CCOs would fill the policy vacuum in the meantime. Apart from conflicting with Council's plans, this might also pit CCOs against each other.[42]

After the first round of plan development and public consultation, the draft plan was launched mid-2011. Commentators noted that one of the strongest discrepancies between Auckland Council's vision for Auckland and that of the John Key-led Wellington government was that the draft Auckland Plan envisaged a more contained growth (combatting sprawl by having 75% of population growth occur in existing settlement areas), while National is more favourable of relaxing constraints on new greenfields development.[62]

Long Term Council Community Plan

The first Long Term Council Community Plan (LTCCP), the longer-term financial budget of the city, will not be produced until July 2012.[27] Until that time, longer-term finances will be decided by the Council, guided by the existing LTCCPs of the subsumed bodies.

City Centre and Waterfront Plans

Another big focus of the planning work in the first year of the Council is planning for the Auckland CBD (now called 'City Centre') and the Auckland Waterfront. Including the proposed CBD rail tunnel, these two transformations are costed at approximately $5.5 billion over 20 years. Projects proposed in the draft plans include partial or full pedestrianisation of a number of city centre streets, light rail possibilities for the Waterfront and Queen Street, turning Nelson and Hobson Street from wide one-way roads into two-way roads with more trees and urban amenity, and a waterfront walk- and cycleway.[63]

Assets

The Council owns approximately $34 billion of assets (2010),[64] including over 100,000 hectares of open space, parks and reserves,[7] as well as the large transport assets administered by the Auckland Transport CCO (see that article for more detail).

Auckland Council Investments Limited (ACIL), the CCO responsible for non-transport investment assets, manages Council investments worth $2.54 billion, including a 22.4% stake in Auckland Airport worth $1.13 billion, as well as a 100% share of Ports of Auckland Limited worth $1.08 billion, and Auckland Film Studios, worth $8 million (values at May 2014).[65]

Finances

Rates

Auckland Council rates combine the rates of the various amalgamated local councils and the Auckland Regional Council rates. For the 2011–2012 year, ratepayers are being charged the same rate as before the amalgamation, plus a 3.94% increase, with Council noting that they had achieved a much lower rates increase than originally foreseen.[66] Rates made up 53% of Council's income in 2011, with the remainder being "grants, subsidies, development and financial contributions, user charges and fees".[66]

As of 2011, 24% of Council's money was spent on "Art services and galleries, events, museums, parks, recreation facilities and the zoo", while 22% was spent on "transport management". Further big elements were "Planning and regulation" at 14.5% and "Community services, libraries, emergency management and cemeteries" at 11.5%.[66]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Orsman, Bernard (13 October 2010). "Penny Hulse appointed Super City Deputy Mayor". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
  2. ↑ "Auckland Council Draft Annual Plan 2011/2012 – Volume 1: Our Region" (PDF). Auckland Council. p. 2. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
  3. ↑ "Auckland Council explained". Auckland Council. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 Rudman, Brian (15 March 2010). "Fix-up misses more wrong lines". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
  5. ↑ Orsman, Bernard (25 June 2008). "Super city's council Australasia's biggest". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  6. 1 2 Orsman, Bernard (26 March 2010). "Local govt newbie to lead Super City". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
  7. 1 2 "Auckland Council – History in the Making". Our Auckland. Auckland Council. p. 5.
  8. ↑ Orsman, Bernard; Dickison, Michael (9 October 2010). "Left-leaning council for Len Brown". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  9. ↑ Orsman, Bernard (14 October 2013). "New look council". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  10. 1 2 Lee, Mike (July 2010). "From the Chairman". Region Wide. Auckland Regional Council. p. 1.
  11. ↑ Lessons from the history of local body amalgamation – The New Zealand Herald, Wednesday 6 September 2006
  12. 1 2 "Editorial: CCO plan mocks democracy". The New Zealand Herald. 14 March 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  13. ↑ Auckland governance inquiry welcomed – NZPA, via 'stuff.co.nz', Tuesday 31 July 2007. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
  14. ↑ Royal Commission of inquiry for Auckland welcomed – NZPA, via 'infonews.co.nz', Tuesday 31 July 2007. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
  15. ↑ Minister Releases Report Of Royal Commission – Scoop.co.nz, Friday 27 March 2009
  16. ↑ Gay, Edward (7 April 2009). "'Super city' to be in place next year, Maori seats axed". The New Zealand Herald.
  17. ↑ "Making Auckland Greater" (PDF). New Zealand Government via New Zealand Herald. 7 April 2009.
  18. 1 2 "Report: Recommendations Part 1". Royal Commission on Auckland Governance, Report. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 "Report: Recommendations Part 2". Royal Commission on Auckland Governance, Report. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Report: Recommendations Part 3". Royal Commission on Auckland Governance, Report. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
  21. ↑ "Local Government (Tamaki Makaurau Reorganisation) Act 2009 No 13 (as at 02 November 2010), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation". Legislation.govt.nz. 2 November 2010. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  22. ↑ "Local Government (Auckland Council) Act 2009 No 32 (as at 10 May 2011), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation". Legislation.govt.nz. 10 May 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  23. ↑ "Local Government (Auckland Transitional Provisions) Act 2010 No 37 (as at 21 December 2010), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation". Legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  24. ↑ "Govt papers reveal another Rodney plan". The New Zealand Herald. 28 September 2009.
  25. ↑ "Draft raises fears for democracy". The New Zealand Herald. 4 November 2009.
  26. ↑ "Rodney Hide: Local boards will engage like never before". The New Zealand Herald. 4 March 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  27. 1 2 Bernard Orsman (19 July 2010). "Local board nominees to stand without budget data". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
  28. 1 2 Cumming, Geoff (3 April 2010). "Rebels at the gate". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  29. ↑ "Super City structure still unfair". Local Government Commission via Auckland Transport Blog. 11 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 March 2010. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
  30. 1 2 3 4 Orsman, Bernard (8 March 2010). "The lockout of Auckland". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  31. 1 2 3 Orsman, Bernard (15 March 2010). "Big-business lobbyist backs CCOs". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
  32. 1 2 Orsman, Bernard (9 March 2010). "City powerless on its biggest issue". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
  33. ↑ Cheng, Derek (17 March 2010). "Super City tweaks still an option – PM". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
  34. 1 2 3 4 Rudman, Brian (8 March 2010). "This is a recipe for tears before bedtime". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  35. ↑ "Super City CCOs: Good and bad facets to business units". The New Zealand Herald. 8 March 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  36. ↑ Orsman, Bernard (9 March 2009). "Auckland lockout – Key backs CCO plan". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  37. ↑ Orsman, Bernard (11 March 2010). "Joyce adamant on city transport giant". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  38. ↑ "Editorial: CCO powers show scale of civic shut-out". The New Zealand Herald. 13 March 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  39. ↑ "John Minto: Unelected positions spell trouble for ratepayers". The New Zealand Herald. 17 March 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
  40. ↑ McCarten, Matt (14 March 2010). "Auckland's riches to be handed to corporate cronies". Herald on Sunday. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  41. ↑ Roughan, John (13 March 2010). "Who'd be mayor if you can head CCO". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  42. 1 2 3 "Erecting a new dysfunction". Sunday Star Times. 21 March 2010. Archived from the original on 24 March 2010. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
  43. ↑ "Super City finances – who can tell?". New Zealand Local Government Magazine. 20 April 2010. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  44. ↑ "Alex Swney: One simple step to avoid spectacular failure". The New Zealand Herald. 15 April 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  45. ↑ "Brian Rudman: Show 'em who's boss, council". The New Zealand Herald. 11 February 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  46. ↑ "Minister, mayor at odds over Maori board". Radio New Zealand. 11 February 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  47. ↑ Laws, Michael (10 October 2010). "Leadership prize not all that potent". Sunday Star-Times.
  48. ↑ Hill Cone, Deborah (28 September 2010). "Election suffering lack of gravitas". The New Zealand Herald.
  49. ↑ Orsman, Bernard (14 September 2011). "Rugby World Cup party gatecrashers". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  50. ↑ Armstrong, John (17 September 2011). "McCully uses authority to keep Nats in power". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  51. ↑ Orsman, Bernard (29 October 2011). "Len Brown: Year of the game changer". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  52. ↑ "How your governing body works". Auckland Council. 24 April 2014. Retrieved 2014.
  53. ↑ Former Citizens and Ratepayers Councillor
  54. ↑ "Council-controlled organisations". Auckland Council. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  55. ↑ "Auckland Council Investments Limited". Our Auckland (Auckland Council newsletter). August 2012.
  56. ↑ "Regional Facilities Auckland (RFA)".
  57. ↑ Orsman, Bernard (1 September 2015). "Got some panuku? The council does". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  58. ↑ Preston, Nikki (26 October 2011). "V8 Supercar parties express concern over official audit on $40m cost". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  59. ↑ "Auckland events chief resigns suddenly". Auckland Now. 28 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  60. ↑ McCarten, Matt (28 March 2010). "Booze peddler to spin democracy down the toilet". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
  61. ↑ Rudman, Brian (29 August 2011). "Gauntlet thrown down over urban sprawl". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  62. ↑ Orsman, Bernard (29 August 2011). "$5.5b wishlist for city centre". The New Zealand Herald. p. A2. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  63. ↑ Auckland Council (2012). Draft Long-term Plan 2012–2022. p. 13.
  64. ↑ "Auckland Council's investments grow". Stuff. 21 May 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  65. 1 2 3 "Now we're together we're really moving forward". Auckland Council rates info leaflet. August 2011.

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Coordinates: 36°51′S 174°47′E / 36.850°S 174.783°E / -36.850; 174.783

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