Austrobaileyales

Austrobaileyales
Schisandra rubriflora
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
Order:	Austrobaileyales Takht. ex Reveal[1][2]
Families
Austrobaileyaceae Croizat Schisandraceae Bl. (including Illiciaceae) Trimeniaceae Gibbs

Austrobaileyales is an order of flowering plants, consisting of about 100^[3] species of woody plants growing as trees, shrubs and lianas. Perhaps the most familiar species is Illicium verum, from which comes the spice star anise. The order belongs to the group of basal angiosperms, the ANA grade, which diverged earlier from the remaining flowering plants, and, as such, it is the extant group after the Amborellales and Nymphaeales, that is sister to all remaining extant angiosperms outside of the ANA grade.^[4][5][6] The order includes just three families of flowering plants, the Austrobaileyaceae, a monotypic family containing the sole genus, Austrobaileya scandens, a woody liana, the Schisandraceae, a family of trees, shrubs, or lianas containing essential oils, and the Trimeniaceae, essential oil-bearing trees and lianas.^[2]

In different classifications

Until the early 21st century, the order was only rarely recognised by systems of classification (an exception is the Reveal system).

The APG system, of 1998, did not recognize such an order. The APG II system, of 2003, does accept this order and places it among the basal angiosperms, that is: it does not belong to any further clade. APG II uses this circumscription:

• order Austrobaileyales
  • family Austrobaileyaceae, one species of woody vines from Australia
  • family Schisandraceae [+ family Illiciaceae], several dozen species of woody plants, found in tropical to temperate regions of East and Southeast Asia and the Caribbean.
  • family Trimeniaceae, half-a-dozen species, of woody plants found in subtropical to tropical Southeast Asia, eastern Australia and the Pacific Islands

Note: "+ ..." = optional seggregrate family, that may be split off from the preceding family. The Cronquist system, of 1981, also placed the plants in families Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae together, but as separate families, united at the rank of order, in the order Illiciales.

Angiosperms Amborella Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales magnoliids Chloranthales monocots Ceratophyllum eudicots

The phylogeny of the flowering plants, as of APG III (2009).

References

1. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
2. Stevens, Peter F. (Sep 2013) [2001 onwards]. "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website – Austrobaileyales". Version 13, 28 Sep 2013 with updates. Retrieved 14 Dec 2013.
3. Jeffrey D. Palmer, Douglas E. Soltis and Mark W. Chase (2004). "The plant tree of life: an overview and some points of view". American Journal of Botany 91 (10): 1437–1445. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1437. PMID 21652302.
4. Angiosperm Phylogeny: A Framework for Studies of Genome Evolution, Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2, pp. 1–11, 2013, Springer, Pamela S. Soltis and Douglas E. Soltis
5. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 171, 640–654, Structure of the unusual explosive fruits of the early diverging angiosperm Illicium (Schisandraceae s.l., Austrobaileyales), Mikhail S. Romanov, Alexey v. F. CH. Bobrov, and Peter k. Endress.
6. Insights into the dynamics of genome size and chromosome evolution in the early diverging angiosperm lineage Nymphaeales (water lilies), Jaume Pellicer, Laura J Kelly, Carlos Magdalena, Ilia Leitch, 2013, Genome, 10.1139/gen-2013-0039