Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm, BWV 171
| Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm | |
|---|---|
| BWV 171 | |
| Church cantata by J. S. Bach | |
 Thomaskirche, Leipzig | |
| Related | Patrem omnipotentem of the Mass in B minor |
| Occasion | New Year's Day |
| Performed | 1 January 1729? – Leipzig |
| Movements | 6 |
| Cantata text | Picander |
| Bible text | Psalms 48:10 |
| Chorale |
"Jesu, nun sei gepreiset" by Johannes Hermann |
| Vocal | SATB choir and solo |
| Instrumental |
|
Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm (God, as Your name is, so is also Your praise),[1] BWV 171,[lower-alpha 1] is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in Leipzig for New Year's Day and probably first performed it on 1 January 1729.
Bach composed the cantata years after the complete cantata cycles from the beginning of his tenure as Thomaskantor in Leipzig in 1723. The text by Picander appeared in a 1728 collection of texts for all occasions of the liturgical year. The feast day also celebrated the circumcision and naming of Jesus. Picander focused on the naming, beginning with a psalm verse mentioning God's name. He used for the conclusion the second stanza from Johannes Hermann's hymn "Jesu, nun sei gepreiset".
Bach structured the cantata in six movements, an opening choral fugue, alternating arias and recitatives and closing chorale. He scored the work for four vocal soloists, a four-part choir and a festive Baroque instrumental ensemble of three trumpets and timpani, two oboes, strings and continuo. The oboes and strings play with the voices in motet style in the choral sections, while the trumpets add the style of a new time.
Background and words
Bach had taken up his tenure as Thomaskantor in Leipzig in 1723. During his first year there he composed a first cantata cycle for almost all occasions of the occasions of the liturgical year. The second year he composed a cycle of mostly chorale cantatas, based on Lutheran hymns. The third year, Bach began a third cycle but wrote the works more irregularly. Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm was from a later incomplete cycle, which the Bach scholar Christoph Wolff calls the Picander cycle, after the librettist Picander with whom Bach had collaborated already for the St Matthew Passion, and worked together for several years. The preface of Picander's 1728 collection of cantata texts written for Bach said that "lack of poetic elegance would be compensated for by the sweetness of the incomparable Kapellmeister Bach".[2]
The prescribed readings for New Years Day, which also celebrated the naming of Jesus eight days after his birth, were from the Epistle to the Galatians, "by faith we inherit" (Galatians 3:23–29), and from the Gospel of Luke, the Circumcision and naming of Jesus (Luke 2:21). The text was written by Picander and published in 1728 in a collection of texts for all occasions of the liturgical year.[3] Picander included for the first movement a verse from Psalm 48 (Psalms 48:10 in the King James version, otherwise verse 11). He used as the closing chorale the second stanza from Johannes Hermann's hymn "Jesu, nun sei gepreiset".[3] Picander's poetry is focused on the name of Jesus, similarly to Bach's later cantata for the same occasion, Part IV of his Christmas Oratorio. The biblical quotation from the Old Testament already mentions the name of God. The first recitative adds the thought that the name of Jesus is a gift for the New Year. The second aria contemplates that the name of Jesus, being the first word in the new year, should also be the last in the hour of death. The last recitative refers to John 16:23, of Jesus saying: "Whatsoever ye shall ask the Father in my name, he will give it you." The final movement combines prayers and hopes for the new year.[3]
Bach led the Thomanerchor in the first performance. The earliest possible date is 1 January 1729, but it could have been also a year later or two.[3]
Structure and scoring
Bach structured the cantata in six movements. An opening chorus and a closing chorale frame a sequence of alternating arias and recitatives. Bach scored the work for four vocal soloists (soprano (S), alto (A), tenor (T), bass (B)), a four-part choir and a festive Baroque instrumental ensemble of three trumpets (Tr) and timpani (Ti), two oboes (Ob), two violins (Vl), viola (Va), and basso continuo.[4][5] The heading of the autograph score reads: "J.J. Festo Circumcisionis Xsi. Concerto . à 4 Voci. 3 Trombe, Tamburi, 2 Hautb. 2 Violini, Viola e Contin: di Bach", which means "Jesus help. Feast of the circumcision of Christ. Concerto for 4 voices, 3 trumpets, timpani, 2 oboes, 2 violins, viola and continuo".[6] The duration is given as 22 minutes.[3]
In the following table of the movements, the scoring follows the Neue Bach-Ausgabe.[5] The keys and time signatures are taken from the book on all cantatas by the Bach scholar Alfred Dürr, using the symbols for common time (4/4) and alla breve (2/2).[3] The continuo, playing throughout, is not shown.
| No. | Title | Text | Type | Vocal | Winds | Strings | Key | Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm | Psalm | Chorus | SATB | 3Tr Ti 2Ob | 2Vl Va | D major | 2/4 |
| 2 | Herr, so weit die Wolken gehn | Picander | Aria | T | 2Vl | A major |  | |
| 3 | Du süßer Jesus-Name du | Picander | Recitative | A | | |||
| 4 | Jesus soll mein erstes Wort | Picander | Aria | S | Vl solo | D major | 12/8 | |
| 5 | Und da du, Herr, gesagt | Picander | Recitative | B | 2Ob | A major |
| |
| 6 | Laß uns das Jahr vollbringen | Herman | Chorale | SATB | 3Tr Ti 2Ob | 2Vl Va | B minor |
|
Music
1
The first movement, "Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm bis an der Welt Ende." (God, as Your name is, so also Your praise is to the ends of the world.),[1] deals with universal praise of God's name is a choral fugue. While the trumpets are independent, the strings and oboes mostly double the voices in the style of Bach's motets. The first trumpet even plays the fugue theme.[3] The Bach scholar Alfred Dürr argues that the work is probably no new composition but the reworking of an older lost movement, which forms the basis of both this movement and the later second part of the Credo of this music to the Mass in B minor, Patrem omnipotentem, factorem coeli et terrae ([I believe in the] almighty father, maker of Heaven and Earth). The idea of both is the "world-embracing almighty power of God".[3]
John Eliot Gardiner, who conducted the Bach Cantata Pilgrimage in 2000, summarized:
there is something old-fashioned and motet-like about the way the fugue unfolds with colla parte strings and oboes doubling. But then after twenty-three bars Bach brings in his first trumpet for a glittering restatement of the theme and the music suddenly acquires a new lustre and seems propelled forwards to a different era for this assertion of God's all-encompassing dominion and power.[7]
2
The tenor aria, "Herr, so weit die Wolken gehen" (Lord, as far as the clouds stretch),[1] is accompanied by two instruments not specified in the manuscript score, perhaps violins, according to the range.[3]
3
An alto recitative, "Du süßer Jesus-Name du" (O You sweet name of Jesus),[1] is secco.[8] The musicologist Julian Mincham notes the development from the initial F-sharp minor, illustrating "introverted contemplation", to "confident assertion" in D major.[9]
4
The soprano aria, "Jesus soll mein erstes Wort in dem neuen Jahre heißen" (Jesus shall be my first word uttered in the new year),[1] is a parody of an aria from the secular Zerreißet, zersprenget, zertrümmert die Gruft, BWV 205, in which a virtuoso solo violin represents a gentle wind, while in the church cantata solo it serves the praise of the name Jesus.[4]
5
A tripartite bass recitative, "Und da du, Herr, gesagt" (And as You, Lord, have said),[1] begins as an arioso, only accompanied by the continuo, leading to prayers, accompanied by two oboes, concluding in an arioso with the oboes.[3][2]
6
The final chorale,"Laß uns das Jahr vollbringen" (Let us complete the year),[1] is taken from Jesu, nun sei gepreiset, BWV 41, written for the same occasion in 1725. While the earlier cantata used the third stanza, this one has a setting of the second[4] and is transposed up a step.[7] It matches the opening chorus with a support of the voices by oboes and strings, while trumpets and timpani play interludes which add weight to the movement.[2]
Selected recordings
The listing is taken from the selection on the Bach-Cantatas website.[10] Choirs and orchestras are roughly marked as large by red background; instrumental groups playing period instruments in historically informed performances are highlighted green under the header Instr..
| Title | Conductor / Choir / Orchestra | Soloists | Label | Year | Choir type | Instr. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J. S. Bach: Cantatas BWV 171 & BWV 127 | Gönnenwein, WolfgangWolfgang GönnenweinSüddeutscher MadrigalchorSouth West German Chamber Orchestra |
|
Cantate | 1961 | Period | |
| Die Bach Kantate Vol. 20 | Rilling, HelmuthHelmuth RillingGächinger KantoreiBach-Collegium Stuttgart |
|
Hänssler | 1983 | ||
| Bach Cantatas Vol. 1 – Advent and Christmas | Richter, KarlKarl RichterMünchener Bach-ChorMünchener Bach-Orchester | Archiv Produktion | 1971 | Bach | Bach | |
| J. S. Bach: Das Kantatenwerk • Complete Cantatas • Les Cantates, Folge / Vol. 40 – BWV 170–174 | Harnoncourt, NikolausNikolaus HarnoncourtTölzer KnabenchorConcentus Musicus Wien |
|
Teldec | 1987 | Boys | Period |
| Bach Edition Vol. 12 – Cantatas Vol. 6 | Leusink, Pieter JanPieter Jan LeusinkHolland Boys ChoirNetherlands Bach Collegium |
|
Brilliant Classics | 1999 | Boys | Period |
| Bach Cantatas Vol. 17: Berlin / For New Year’s Day / For the Sunday after New Year | Gardiner, John EliotJohn Eliot GardinerMonteverdi ChoirEnglish Baroque Soloists |
|
Soli Deo Gloria | 2000 | Period | |
| J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 19 | Koopman, TonTon KoopmanAmsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir | Antoine Marchand | 2003 | Period | ||
| J. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 49 – BWV 156, 159, 171, 188 | Suzuki, MasaakiMasaaki SuzukiBach Collegium Japan | BIS | 2010 | Period |
Notes
- ↑ "BWV" is Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis, a thematic catalogue of Bach's works.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dellal, Pamela. "BWV 171 - "Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm"". Emmanuel Music. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
- 1 2 3 Wolff, Christoph (2003). "The cantatas of the period 1726-1731 and of the Picander cycle (1728-29)" (PDF). Bach-Cantatas. pp. 12–13. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Dürr, Alfred; Jones, Richard D. P. (2006). The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text. Oxford University Press. pp. 41, 154–157. ISBN 0-19-929776-2.
- 1 2 3 Hofmann, Klaus (2010). "BWV 171 Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm / According to Thy Name, O God, So Is Thy Praise" (PDF). Bach-Cantatas. pp. 7–8. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- 1 2 Bischof, Walter F. "BWV 171 Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm". University of Alberta. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- ↑ Grob, Jochen (2014). "BWV 171 / BC A 24" (in German). s-line.de. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- 1 2 Gardiner, John Eliot (2008). "Cantatas for New Year’s Day / Gethsemanekirche, Berlin" (PDF). Bach Cantatas. pp. 7–9. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ↑ Dürr, Alfred (1981). Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach (in German) 1 (4 ed.). Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag. pp. 155–156. ISBN 3-423-04080-7.
- ↑ Mincham, Julian (2010). "Chapter 39 BWV 171 Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm / God, as is Your Name, so is Your Renown.". jsbachcantatas.com. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- ↑ Oron, Aryeh. "Cantata BWV 171 Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm". Bach-Cantatas. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
Sources
- Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm, BWV 171: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm BWV 171; BC A 24 / Sacred cantata (New Year/Circumcision) Leipzig University
- BWV 171 Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm: English translation, University of Vermont
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