Baluran National Park

Baluran National Park
IUCN category II (national park)

Wild deer near Bama Point, Baluran
Map showing the location of Baluran National Park
Baluran NP

Location in Java

Location Situbondo Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Coordinates 7°50′S 114°22′E / 7.833°S 114.367°E / -7.833; 114.367Coordinates: 7°50′S 114°22′E / 7.833°S 114.367°E / -7.833; 114.367
Area 250 km2
Established 1980
Visitors 10,192 (in 2007[1])
Governing body Ministry of Forestry

Baluran National Park is located in Situbondo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. It has a relatively dry climate and mainly consists of savanna (40%), as well as lowland forests, mangrove forests and hills, with Mount Baluran (1,247m) as its highest peak.[2]

Baluran National Park is situated at the north-eastern extremity of Java, close to the islands of Bali and Madura. The park is bordered by the Madura Strait to the north, the Bali Strait to the east, the river Bajulmati (Wonorejo village) to the west and the river Klokoran (Sumberanyar village) to the south. The park is a rough circle, with the extinct volcano, Baluran, at its centre. Its total area is 25,000 ha.[3] It consists of five zones: the Main Zone (12,000 ha), the Wilderness Zone (5,537 ha, comprising 1,063 ha water and 4,574 ha land), the Intensive Utilization Zone (800 ha), the Specific Utilization Zone (5,780 ha) and the Rehabilitation Zone (783 ha).[4]

Flora and fauna

Ziziphus mauritiana trees in the park

There have been 444 species of plant recorded in the park, including some endangered plant species, such as: Ziziphus rotundifolia, Tamarindus indica, Dioscorea hispida, Aleurites moluccanus and Corypha utan.[3]

The park is host to 26 species of mammals, including the endangered banteng, Sumatran dhole, Indian muntjac, Java mouse-deer, fishing cat, Javan leopard and Javan lutung. The banteng population decreased form 338 in 1996 to just 26 in 2012.[2]

Bird species in the park include the green peafowl, red junglefowl, Malabar pied hornbill, rhinoceros hornbill and lesser adjutant.[3] Until 2010 there had been 155 species of bird recorded in the park, but following a bird photography competition in 2012, the number of species was revised to 196.[5]

Conservation and threats

The area has been protected since 1928, first initiated by the Dutch hunter A.H. Loedeboer. In 1937 it was declared a wildlife refuge by the Dutch colonial government.[6] In 1980 the area was declared a national park.[3]

Poaching poses a major threat to the wildlife in the park, especially to the decreasing Banteng population. According to ProFauna Indonesia, not only locals but also members of the military have been involved in poaching.[6]

Acacia nilotica has occupied at least 6,000 hectare of the savannah at Baluran National Park made Bos javanicus (banteng) had difficulty to find their foods. In 2013, there are only 35 banteng, while in 1996 there are still 320 banteng.[7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Forestry statistics of Indonesia 2007, retrieved 20 May 2010
  2. 1 2 Indra Harsaputra, 'Baluran: the little Africa of Java', The Jakarta Post, 20 July 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia: Baluran National Park, retrieved 20 December 2013
  4. ↑ Baluran National Park: History, Location and Area (Indonesian)
  5. ↑ "Baluran National Park Holds 4th Annual Birding Competition" in Tempo, 26 June 2013
  6. 1 2 Indra Harsaputra: "Baluran Banteng herd dying out", The Jakarta Post, 10 January 2013.
  7. ↑ Ika Ningtyas (February 7, 2015). "Acacia Trees Invade Baluran National Park".

External links

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