Bar, Vinnytsia Oblast

Bar
Бар
City

General view of Bar.

Flag
Coat of arms
Bar
Bar
Coordinates: 49°04′30″N 27°40′34″E / 49.07500°N 27.67611°E / 49.07500; 27.67611
Country  Ukraine
Oblast Vinnytsia Oblast
Raion Bar Raion
First mentioned 1401 (as Rov castle)
Magdeburg law 1540
City rights 1938
Named for Bari in Italy
Government
 • City Head Artur Anatoliyovych Tsitsyurs'ky
Area
 • Total 5.95 km2 (2.30 sq mi)
Population (2015)
 • Total 16,409[1]
 • Density 2,890/km2 (7,500/sq mi)
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 • Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code 23000-23005
Area code(s) +380-4341
Sister cities Kwidzyn in Poland, Bari in Italy
Website http://www.bar-city.com.ua/

Bar (Ukrainian: Бар; Italian: ˈBaːr; Latin: Barium; Ancient Greek: Βάρ; Polish: Barze; Russian: Бар ) i/ˈbʌr/ is a town located on the Riv River in the Vinnytsia Oblast (province) of central Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Bar Raion (district), and is part of the historic region of Podolia. Population: 16,409 (2015 est.)[1]

Original Coat of Arms History Museum in Bar
Engraving of Bona Sforza in 1517
Modern Coat of Arms History Museum in Bar

Name

Bar was named for Bari in Italy by the Polish Queen Bona Sforza in 1537. Bar is a traditional name and a most frequently used name for the city at present time.

History

Historical affiliations

Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1401-1538
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1538-1672
Ottoman Empire 1672-1699
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1699-1768
 Russian Empire 1768-1917
 Soviet Union 1921-1991
 Ukraine 1991-present

Roman Catholic Church, 1811 and Orthodox Church, 1719 in Bar
Very Old Chernyakhov culture items found near Bar, History Museum
Ukrainian Culture Exhibition, History Museum
Bar's Life Style before World War II in 1941-1945 Exhibition, History Museum
World War II in 1941-1945 Exhibition, History Museum
Central Square
St. Uspensky Orthodox Cathedral in Bar
St. Anna Catholic Cathedral in Bar

The city was a small trade outpost Rov (Duchy of Podolia) on the Riv River from the 13th to 15th centuries, and it was described as Rov for the first time in 1401 (from other information sources in 1425[2]). In 1537 the Polish Queen Bona Sforza renamed the settlement to Bar in 1537,[2] after her hometown of Bari in Italy and in 1630s Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan built a fortress there[2] and described Bar in his book: "Description d'Ukranie".

Old Picture of the Old Fortress, St. Pokrovsky Monastery and St. Anna Catholic Cathedral

In 1540 the Polish King Sigismund I the Old granted the nearby town city rights. The fortress was besieged several times in its history and resisted all assaults. But during the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648 it was captured by the Cossacks led by Maxym Kryvonis and severely damaged. The town was depopulated soon afterwards.

In 1672 the Town of Bar was captured by the Ottoman Empire and became a seat of the local administration. On November 12, 1674, the town and the fortress were recaptured by the forces of John III of Poland after four days of siege. But the Ottomans recaptured the city in 1675 and retained it until 1686 (nominally until 1699). It was constantly ravaged by Turks and Poles in turn between 1686 and 1699.

On February 29, 1768, the Bar Confederation was started in the fortress. After the Second Partition of Poland, the town fell under Russian Empire rule and was part of Podolia Governorate.

After 1922, the Town of Bar was part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Since 1991, following the fall of the Soviet Union, it has been part of independent Ukraine.

The city of Bar was comprehensively described in the doctorate thesis by Mykhailo Hrushevsky: Bar Community: Historical Outlines in the 15th to 18th centuries. The international conference on the Town of Bar history will be held in Bar on September 26, 2014,.[3] There is a monument of Mykhailo Hrushevsky in Bar city.

Old picture with a general view onto the city of Bar
Old picture of the St. Anna Catholic Cathedral in Bar

Main dates in Bar history

City museum of history

All the historical facts and findings are collected and archived in the history museum in Bar, Ukraine.[4]

Evidences of Chernyakhov culture were found at the western part of Bar city; evidences of Trypillian culture existed at the eastern part of Bar city; evidences of Scythian culture were found at the western part of Bar city.

An exposition about the Polish Queen Bona Sforza and the Bar's city history attracts a number of domestic and foreign visitors A Ukrainian culture exhibit, includes exhibits on Ukrainian clothes, ceramics, coins and iron artifacts. The museum has a collection of the icons and ancient artifacts, related to the various religions in Bar.

There is an exposition about the World War II and related historical events.[4][5]

World War II

The World War II exposition is presented at the History museum in Bar, Vinnytsia Region, Ukraine, including the historical facts description, the local people life stories and the military equipment exhibition in 1941-1945.

The life of people in Bar, Vinnytsia Region, Ukraine before the World War II is depicted, including the various collected artifacts, paintings, photographs. In addition, the military equipment findings, related to the war period, are also presented at the World War II Exhibition at History Museum in Town of Bar, Vinnytsia Region, State of Ukraine (see the photographs).

The military uniform and medals were presented by the veterans, who also shared their memories with the historians at at History Museum in Town of Bar, Vinnytsia Region, State of Ukraine.

The German fascists occupied the Town of Bar and killed many thousands of the Ukrainian, Russian and Jewish people in Bar, Vinnytsia Region, Ukraine in 1941-1943. The German fascists met the strong resistance from the side of local population and Soviet army in Bar, Vinnytsia Region, Ukraine in 1941-1943.

The Jewish community numbered in the tens of thousands people in Bar before World War II. There were many old synagogues in Bar before the World War II. The five thousands people were killed by the German fascists during the period of occupation in Bar, Ukraine in 1941-1942. [6]

There are the two big memorials, situated at the central square and at the central park, which are devoted to the World War II in Town of Bar, Vinnytsia Region, State of Ukraine.

Climate

From the Köppen climate classification, Bar has a soft humid continental climate (see the Climate chart). Bar's district is historically known as an apple tree growing region , with the presence of both a soft humid continental climate and appropriate soil.

Bar, Vinnytsia Region, Ukraine
Climate chart (explanation)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
21
 
 
2
−7
 
 
25
 
 
5
−6
 
 
47
 
 
10
2
 
 
65
 
 
18
8
 
 
106
 
 
23
13
 
 
133
 
 
27
18
 
 
395
 
 
29
22
 
 
364
 
 
30
22
 
 
169
 
 
26
17
 
 
52
 
 
20
10
 
 
53
 
 
12
3
 
 
22
 
 
4
−3
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm

The winter is relatively cold and it is usually full of snow; the early spring is warm; the summer is sunny and it is characterized by the sufficient humidity levels; the autumn is cloudy and rainy, coming with Atlantic cyclones (see the Weather box).

Climate data for Bar, Ukraine
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.6
(52.9)		 17.3
(63.1)		 22.3
(72.1)		 29.4
(84.9)		 32.2
(90)		 35.0
(95)		 37.8
(100)		 36.5
(97.7)		 31.5
(88.7)		 28.6
(83.5)		 19.9
(67.8)		 10.3
(50.5)		 37.8
(100)
Average high °C (°F) −1.4
(29.5)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 5.2
(41.4)		 13.4
(56.1)		 20.1
(68.2)		 22.7
(72.9)		 24.8
(76.6)		 24.3
(75.7)		 18.7
(65.7)		 12.4
(54.3)		 4.7
(40.5)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 12.0
(53.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.1
(22.8)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 1.2
(34.2)		 8.3
(46.9)		 14.5
(58.1)		 17.4
(63.3)		 19.2
(66.6)		 18.6
(65.5)		 13.4
(56.1)		 7.8
(46)		 1.7
(35.1)		 −2.8
(27)		 7.7
(45.9)
Average low °C (°F) −6.7
(19.9)		 −6.1
(21)		 −2.2
(28)		 3.7
(38.7)		 9.1
(48.4)		 12.3
(54.1)		 14.1
(57.4)		 13.4
(56.1)		 8.9
(48)		 4.0
(39.2)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 −5.2
(22.6)		 3.7
(38.7)
Record low °C (°F) −35.5
(−31.9)		 −33.6
(−28.5)		 −24.2
(−11.6)		 −12.7
(9.1)		 −2.8
(27)		 2.5
(36.5)		 5.2
(41.4)		 1.5
(34.7)		 −4.5
(23.9)		 −11.4
(11.5)		 −24.6
(−12.3)		 −27.2
(−17)		 −35.5
(−31.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 29
(1.14)		 28
(1.1)		 30
(1.18)		 45
(1.77)		 50
(1.97)		 94
(3.7)		 83
(3.27)		 66
(2.6)		 64
(2.52)		 30
(1.18)		 37
(1.46)		 35
(1.38)		 591
(23.27)
Average rainy days 7 6 9 13 14 15 15 11 12 11 12 9 134
Mean monthly sunshine hours 58.9 70.6 114.7 171.0 248.0 255.0 266.6 260.4 195.0 133.3 57.0 40.3 1,870.8
Source #1: Gismeteo.[7]
Source #2: Hong Kong Observatory.[8]

Cityscape

The central part of the city has a number of the historical cathedrals and the modern architecture buildings. [9] There is a central square with a fountain, which is surrounded by the history museum, cinema, culture palace, trade center, modern hotel, city library, employment center building and some other governmental buildings in the downtown.

The Bar city library has a digital library with Internet access.

There is a sport stadium to play football, basketball, volleyball in the center of the city. There is a swimming pool building not far away from the stadium. The students from the Humanitarian - Pedagogical College like to make the sport exercises and play the sport games during their lessons at the stadium. The local football team plays the football games at the stadium regularly. The pop music performances by various artists from Ukraine take place at the stadium from time to time.

The Bar city area is around 1387 hectares. The Bar district area is around 1102 square kilometers. The maximum altitude above the sea level is 368,8 meters.

The main educational institutions, including the Humanitarian-Pedagogical College and the Automobiles and Roads College are situated in close proximity to the downtown. Also, there are many secondary schools in the central district in the city.

The local market at Sobornaya Street is located on a walking distance from the downtown, with a market on Saturday and Sunday mornings.

There are the green trees park and the Riv river with many white and yellow lilies near the central district in Bar.

Photo with panoramic view

Historical population

The Bar city's total population was around 3,341 in 1850, increasing to 16,442 by 2013 approximately.[10] [11]

The historical population is accurately characterized in the following chart:

Languages

The percentage of people, who know how to speak, read, write the Ukrainian language in Bar is (95.5%).[12] In real life, the local population (100.0%) primarily speaks the Ukrainian language (70.6%), the Russian language (20.0%), the Polish language (9.0%), the Italian language (0.1%), the Hebrew language (0.1%), the German language (0.1%) and the English language (0.1%). [12]

Originally, the entire population spoke the old Slavic languages mainly, however the various historical events and the increasing international trade led to the situation, when the local population was able to get the other foreign languages skills.

The Ukrainian and Russian languages are studied as the first languages and the German and English are studied as the second languages by the local young people at the secondary schools in Bar.

The English language is also studied at the advanced level at English Language Faculty at Humanitarian - Pedagogical College in Bar.

A big collection of the American books, textbooks, dictionaries and various magazines was donated to the central city library by Dr. Margaret Hankamp, JD, New York Law School, New York University, USA a few years ago. In addition, the numerous computers with the audio-headsets were installed and connected to the Internet at the central city library due to both the personal efforts by Dr. Margaret Hankamp, JD, New York Law School, New York University, USA and the Bibliomist program. Therefore, it is possible to learn the English language at the central city library in Bar.

The Polish language is studied at all levels at weekend schools at the Polish Culture House and at St. Anna Catholic Cathedral in Bar. [13][14]

Languages in Bar, Vinnytsia Region, Ukraine
Languages Census 1980 Census 2001 Census 2013
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Ukrainian 11608 70.6% 11608 70.6% 11608 70.6%
Russian 3288 20.0% 3288 20.0% 3288 20.0%
Polish 1480 9.0% 1480 9.0% 1480 9.0%
Population 16.442 100% 16.442 100% 16.442 100%

Religion

Bar has a lot of religious traditions. It is a center of Ukrainian culture[15] and an attractive tourist destination with a large number of old Ukrainian cathedrals and the new churches such as:

Assumption Orthodox Cathedral in Bar
St. Uspensky Orthodox Cathedral in Bar
St. Anna Catholic Cathedral in Bar
St. Anna Catholic Cathedral in Bar

The Assumption Orthodox Church, built by Tymofiy Matkovsky in 1755–1757 at the same place, where the Holy Trinity Orthodox Church was founded in 1700.[16][17][18]

The Assumption Orthodox Cathedral is considered as one of the most remarkable architectural achievements and one of the oldest buildings in Bar, Ukraine, which has changed, reflecting the historical developments in Ukraine over the centuries.

The Holy Trinity Orthodox Church was founded in the early 17th century. The first written memories about the Assumption Orthodox Cathedral (the St. Uspensky Orthodox Church), which was created at the Trinity Orthodox Church place, are related to 1719. The interesting fact is that the new architectural design of the St. Uspensky Orthodox Cathedral was developed, and then, the actual cathedral was constructed, using the stone, in 1755 – 1757. As it is described in the historical documents in 1771 and 1783, the Assumption Orthodox Cathedral had a high altar with the Savior icon and the two other altars.

Vasyl Matkovsky was a priest at the Assumption Orthodox Church in Bar on that time. In 1795–1809, Ioan Sinitsky became a priest at the Assumption Orthodox Church in Bar. At the same time, Fedir Batulinsky, priest (1800–1802) and Stefan Batulinsky, priest (1804–1820) conducted their religious missions at the Assumption Orthodox Church in Bar. Pavlo Batulinsky (1838–1844) served as a priest at the Assumption Orthodox Church in Bar, and then he became a key owner and a cathedral bishop in Kamyanets soon after that. Vasyl Kuzminsky, as a priest in 1844–1849 and Simeon Karchevsky, as a priest in 1849–1861 worked to continue the religious missions at the Assumption Orthodox Church in Bar. In addition, Simeon Karchevsky was a head of the Bar Orthodox Religion School at the same time. Hryhoriy Yankovsky, as a priest in 1861–1881, Ivan Korchynsky, as a priest (1881–1892), Pavlo Savluchynsky, as a priest (1892), Afanasiy Dvernytsky, as a priest (1892–) were recognized for their outstanding religious mission services at the Assumption Orthodox Church in Bar.

The Assumption Orthodox Church was closed for the renovation in 1838–1851. The full restoration of the Assumption Cathedral was also done in 1975. The “gold plated” domes were installed and the façade renovation works were completed at the Assumption Orthodox Cathedral in 2013.

At present time, there are the two old icons at the Assumption Orthodox Cathedral in Bar, Ukraine: The St. Michael Myrlikiys’ky Miracle Man icon, created in Bari, Italy in the 16th century and presented by Bona Sforza; and The God’s Mother icon with the silver frame, created in the 17th century, which saved the cathedral from the fire in 1737 and 1760.

Priests at Assumption Orthodox Cathedral in City of Bar in State of Ukraine 1795-2016. [19] [20] [21]

Roman Catholic St. Anna Cathedral and Assumption Orthodox Church

The Rome Catholic St. Michael Cathedral, built in 1550 (the soft wood); and then, it was renamed as the, re-built in 1811 (the stone); it was renovated by Y. Tamanchuk, architector in 1900 – July 26, 1906 (the red bricks)[22][23]

The Dekanat of Bar includes the following Roman Catholic Churches: Bar - parish of St. Anna; Berezivka - Parish of St. Józef; Brahyliv - parish St. Most Holy Trinity; Chemeryshke - parish St. Jan Chrzciciel; Czerniowce- Parafia St. Mikołaja B. M.; Jałtuszków- Parafia St. Matki Bożej Szkaplerznej; Kopajgród- Parafia Zesłania Ducha Świętego; Koziarówka - Parafia Najświętszego Serca Pana Jezusowego; Kuryłowce- Parafia St. Matki Bożej Nieustającej Pomocy; Łuczyniec - Parafia Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny; Malczowce - Parafia Trójcy Przenajświętszej; Meżyrów - Parafia Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny; Mohylów Podolski - Parafia Nawiedzenia Najświętszej Maryi Panny; Mołczany- Parafia St. Wojciecha; Mytky- Parafia St. Józefa; Ozarzyńce - Parafia Nawiedzenia Najświętszej Maryi Panny; Sokół- Parafia Najświętszego Serca Pana Jezusa; Śnitków - Parafia Niepokalanego Poczęcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny; Tarasówka- Parafia St. Jana Nepomucena; Wendyczany - Parafia Najświętszego Serca Pana Jezusa; Wierzbowiec - Parafia St.Michała Archanioła; Wilchowiec- Parafia Matki Bożej Nieustającej Pomocy; Wyszczeolczydajew - Parafia Miłosierdzia Bożego; Zatoki - parish St. Antoniego Padewskiego; Zhmerynka - parish of St. Aleksego.

The Ukrainians with the Polish and Italian family roots, who belong to the Rome Catholic religion, like to visit the St. Anna Catholic Cathedral regularly. The Polish and Italian tourists visit the St. Anna Rome Catholic Cathedral occasionally. The Polish young volunteers of the Rome Catholic religion come to St. Anna Catholic Cathedral with the aim to help with the reconstruction and renovation works during the Summer time frequently.

Pokrovsky Monastery's Bell Tower
Pokrovsky Monastery

The former St. Pokrovsky Monastery, which is now known as the Benedictine Sisters-Missioners Monastery. In the beginning, the first monastery was founded by Knight Vereshagin in the woods near Semenivky not so far away from Bar. Then, the monastery was built, using the stone, in Bar in 1551. It was re-built in 1701–1781. The history of old monastery has the three periods: 1) the Orthodox period, 2) the Catholic period, 3) the Basilian period. During the newest historical period, Cyril Podolsky initiated the foundation of the St. Pokrovsky orthodox monastery for males in 1837. The monastery was re-organized for females and chaired by Sister Melitina on July 20, 1881. The red bricks cathedral with the bells was built in 1908. The monastery was closed in 1959-1995. The Benedictine Sisters-Missioners of Bar re-opened the monastery in 1996.[24]

Old Bar Fortress Walls in Bar

The Old Bar Fortress, initially built in 1537,[25][26] and later re-designed by Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan in 1630s.[2]

Greek Catholic Church

The Greek-Catholic church, opened in a newly reconstructed cathedral in 1996.

Holy Trinity Brailiv Orthodox Cathedral at Brailiv Monastery

The Holy Trinity Brailiv Monastery, made of red bricks, is in the process of construction under the management by Viktor Terletsky, priest and under the patronage by Simeon, Archbishop of Vinnytsia and Mohyliv-Podilsky at Harmaky near Bar since December 10, 2002. The St. Trinity Brailiv Monastery is intended for the females.

St. Trinity Brailiv Orthodox Cathedral at Brailiv Monastery

The St. Michael Orthodox Church in the beginning of vulytsia Bunyakovska is being re-built. The idea is to re-create the old St. Michael church, which was built at this place a few hundreds years ago. Mr. Pogrebnyak, businessman is a main sponsor of construction works.

The old historical castles in Bar require more investments.[27]

The Synagogue According to the Encyclopaedia Vocabulary by Andreevsky I E (editor) published in St. Petersburg, Russia in 1891,[11] the total population was 13,761 people, and the Jewish population was 51% of total population in 1891 in Bar. In 1900 in Bar, the total population included: 7865 Jewish people, 2803 Orthodox people, 765 Catholic people. The Jewish community was some of the tens of thousands people in Bar before the World War II. There were many old synagogues in Bar before the World War II. The five thousands people were killed by the fascists during the period of occupation in Bar, Ukraine in 1941-1942.[6] A special commemoration ceremony is usually organized in connection with the Holocaust Memorial Day in Bar, Ukraine on January 27 every year.[28][29]

The old synagogues were fully destroyed during World War II.[30] [31] [32] [33] [34]

World War II Memorial
Blossoming lilacs
Religion in Bar (2014),[30][35][36]
Christianity
  
 97%
No Religion
  
 1.5%
Judaism
  
 1%
Islam
  
 0.1%
Others/unspecified
  
 0.4%
Panoramic View on Central Square in Bar
Ukrainian Traditional Music Concert in Bar
Ukrainian Traditional Song no 1 Performed in Bar
Ukrainian Traditional Song no 2 Performed in Bar
Ukrainian Traditional Song no 3 Performed in Bar
Ukrainian Traditional Song no 4 Performed in Bar
Ukrainian Traditional Song no 5 Performed in Bar
Ukrainian Traditional Song no 6 Performed in Bar
Ukrainian Traditional Song no 7 Performed in Bar
Football Stadium in Bar
Ecopark at Riv River
Humanitarian-Pedagogical College
Humanitarian-Pedagogical College
Podil's'ky Krai Newspaper Headquarter
"Podilsky Krai" newspaper main office
Bicycle Ecotourism around Old Castles
Modern Architecture Building in Downtown
Modern and Old Architectures Buildings at Central Square
High-rise building in Downtown
Bar-Vinnytsia Intercity Bus Shuttle at Bus Station in Bar

Recreation

Green Trees at City Park at Old Fortress
Ukrainian Folk Festival in 2013
Ukrainian Folk Festival with Ukrainian Cultural Traditions Presentation in 2013.

There is a green trees park at the old fortress on the Riv river banks in the center of Bar, Ukraine, with acacias, pines, maples and other sorts of trees.[26]

It is possible to see a bi blossoming lilacs and roses flowers around Bar during spring, summer and autumn.

There are the Ukrainian traditional dancing and music clubs, functioning at the Culture Palace and at the Humanitarian Pedagogical College in downtown.

Fishing is available from the boats at Riv river during the Spring, Summer, Autumn seasons.

There is a stadium at downtown, where the local football (soccer), basketball and volleyball teams play the games.

Education

There is a modern central city library in downtown, which provides the library services to the local people and the foreign visitors in Bar's district.

Also, there are the two small libraries for the young readers, one is located in downtown and another one near the medical hospital in Bar. In addition, there are the libraries at the Hrushevsky Humanitarian Pedagogical College and at the Automobiles and Roads College in Bar. There is a network of small remote libraries at the villages in Bar's district.

Dr. Margaret Hankamp, JD, New York Law School, New York University, USA worked on the Bibliomist program[37] to modernize the modern central city library and the one library for the young people in Bar. The Bibliomist is a part of Global Libraries initiative of Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF).

The Bar city library was extensively renovated due to the financial support by KfW bank in Germany in June, 2015. [38]

There are a few educational institutions in the Bar city, for example: Hrushevsky Humanitarian Pedagogical College where the students can study English language, finances, accounting, law, teaching, painting, music and other subjects; [39][40] the Automobiles and Roads College, founded by Tunik;[41][42] the Buildings Construction College;[43] the specialized music school,[44] a cinema and a contemporary art gallery.

Culture

The Ukrainian culture is created on the base of the old Slavic culture. The Ukrainian culture was strongly influenced by the Italian, Polish and Russian cultures.

Notable tourist destinations include the St. Anna Rome Catholic Cathedral, St. Uspensky Orthodox Cathedral, St. Pokrovsky Orthodox Cathedral, old fortress, central park with the old green trees, Ukrainian music/dances folk festivals, history museum, central city library, etc. in Bar.

Ukrainian traditional songs, dances, paintings, poetry and literature are also present in Bar.

The ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," was held in Bar in September 2014.

Science

A number of scientists have lived and/or worked in Bar, including: the physicist and mathematician Viktor Bunyakovsky and medical doctor Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov.

Sport

There is a football stadium at downtown, where the local football (soccer), basketball and volleyball teams play the games in Bar.

The "Kolos" football team from Bar has played in Vinnytsia region in Ukraine for many years.

The basketball team, "Regina-Basket Bar" plays in Bar.[45]

Economy

The economy includes the ten main sectors such as the agriculture, building construction industry, machine design industry, information technologies (IT) industry, food processing industry, public utilities industry, domestic/international trade, transportation services, financial services and tourism sectors.[46]

Industrial companies in Bar include the Bar Industrial Machinery Plant.[47] There is a milk processing factory, a meat processing factory, and a fish processing factory in Bar.

The IT industry includes a number of small IT services companies (the software design) and Internet providing companies (the optical/wireline/wireless access to the Internet). There are few computer shops in the city.

The financial industry is represented by a number of Ukrainian banks, which provide the corporate finance services and the personal finance services in the city. There are a few insurance companies offices in Bar.

There are several big trade centers, big market, hundreds of medium & small shops and drugstores.

A relatively short distance from Bar, there is a natural gas compressor station, which pumps natural gas over the transcontinental Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhgorod pipeline and the Union pipeline to the Polish, German and other European customers,.[48][49]

There is an Air Traffic Control Center with the beyond-visual-range-radar nearby, which provides air traffic control services in the English language for aircraft in the Vinnytsia region of Ukraine.[50] There is also an airport, which helicopters and light airplanes can use.

Panoramic view of Bar made from an aircraft

Healthcare

The Jewish community hospital for 10 patient places, headed by Dr. Mareinis, licensed medical doctor, was in operation in Bar, Ukraine before 1920. Also, there were the three small medical hospitals for 15-20 patient places in Yaltushkov, Man'kovka and Kopaigorod villages in Bar's district before 1920.[51]

The medical hospital with 25 patient places was functional in Bar, Ukraine before 1940, but it is necessary to note a grim historical fact that Dr. Shamis, licensed medical doctor and Dr. Burstein, licensed medical doctor, including their Jewish families, were killed by German fascists in Bar, Ukraine at an occupation period during the World War II in 1940-1945.[51]

On August 1, 1945, the medical hospital of 70 patient places and with 72 medical workers was re-opened in Bar, Ukraine. The therapeutic, infectious, maternity, gynecologic, surgical, children's and x-ray diagnostic departments operated at the medical hospital in Bar, Ukraine on that time.[51]

Presently, the medical clinic and hospital provide a wide range of medical services to the patients in Bar.[51][52]

The ambulance department at the medical hospital in Bar, Ukraine was opened on February 1, 1955. The tuberculosis treatment department at the medical hospital in Bar, Ukraine was established on November 30, 1970. The blood transfusion department at the medical hospital in Bar, Ukraine was in operation since October 1, 1973. The medical clinics was opened in Bar, Ukraine on April 7, 1986. The psychoneurological department at the medical hospital in Bar, Ukraine was founded on April 4, 1989. The children's, therapeutic, neurologic, resuscitation departments at the medical hospital in Bar, Ukraine are situated in a new building, which was built in 1992.[51]

Around 10,000 patients undergo the medical treatments at the medical hospital, and around 210,000 patients visit the medical clinic in Bar, Ukraine every year.[51]

The medical school was established by Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov.[53][54][55][56]

Complex medical treatments are done in collaboration with the doctors from the medical clinics, universities and institutions in Vinnytsia, Kyiv and other places.[57]

The Vinnytsia National Medical University named after the Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov in Vinnytsia, Ukraine.[57][58]

Ethnic groups

According to the Statistics Department, there are the following ethnic groups in the city (see the diagram).[59]

Ethnic groups in 2005[59]

  White (94%)
  Asian (1%)
  Black (1%)
  Mixed (2%)
  Arab (1%)
  Other (1%)

Transport

There is a railway station nearby. The distance from the center of Bar to the Bar railway station is 7 km (4.3 mi).[60][61]

There is an inter-city bus station in the center of Bar. The distance from the city of Bar to Vinnytsia is 68 km (42 mi).

Media

The main local newspaper is Barchany (name for the city residents),[62] which discusses local news mostly.

The other newspaper is Podolsky Krai,[63][64] which provides information on local news and developments.

There is an optical cable TV station with the modern digital electronic equipment and multiple satellite antennas to produce the local / international news programs for many thousands of householders.

Cuisine

The cuisine is an integrative part of the culture of the people of any nation. Many cities provide the encyclopedic information on the cuisine, created in the course of history. The Ukrainian cuisine has formed and evolved in the historical process of the food selection and preparation through many centuries.[65]

Bar's traditional cuisine includes pork, beef, chicken, fish, potato, grains, rice, mushrooms and various vegetables. Bar's cuisine, includes borsch or Ukrainian red soup with meat, beets, cabbage, mushrooms; the Ukrainian ukha soup with the fish; the Ukrainian "shi" soup with sauerkraut; Ukrainian varenyky with meat, potato and cheese; the Ukrainian holubtsi with pork and beef, rice, carrot; the Ukrainian kotleta-po-Kyivs'ky with the pork and beef meet, the Ukrainian pork and beef sausages; Ukrainian smoked pork and beef sausages; Ukrainian shashlyk with pork and beef meat prepared on an open fire; grilled chicken with red pepper sauce; grilled duck with apples and black pepper; Ukrainian pierogi with meat, apples, and cherries; Ukrainian pizza with meat, vegetables and cheese.[66][67]

Potato with mushrooms, or macaroni and cheese, or pasta with cheese, or "dranniky" with grated potato and onions, or rice with green peas are normally provided as the garnish.

Bar's Jews have their own cuisine, based on the fish, chicken and vegetables products mainly. Stuffed pike from Riv river, cooked in the oven and liverwurst is also eaten.

A glass of red wine, a glass of white wine, a glass of champagne, cognac, whiskey and vodka are preferred by the locals during the holiday time.

The Kyivs'ky cake or the Napoleon cake or the Prague cake with a cup of the cappuccino coffee or a cup of the black/green tea are considered as the desserts-of-choice among the locals in Bar.

There are many restaurants and cafes, which serve the Ukrainian traditional food, tea, coffee in the city.

Notable people

Old Ukrainian Dresses Exhibition, History Museum
Old Ukrainian Ceramics Exhibition, History Museum
Old Ukrainian Ceramics Exhibition, History Museum
Old Roman and Ukrainian Metal Coins Exhibition, History Museum
Old Ukrainian Ceramics Exhibition, History Museum

Twin towns — sister cities

Bar is twinned with:

City/Town County / District / Region / State Country
Kwidzyn , Pomeranian , Poland Poland,
Rybnik , Silesian , Poland Poland,
Bari , Apulia , Italy Italy,

Gallery

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Bar". Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
  3. ↑ "Tourism homepage". Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  4. 1 2 "Барський районний історичний музей". Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
  5. ↑ "Достопримечательности Бара". Doroga.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  6. 1 2 "Барська районна бібліотека". Bar-library.com. 2015-01-28. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  7. ↑ "Weather in Bar. 1-3 days weather forecast for Bar, Vinnytsia Oblast, Barskyi District, Ukraine". Gismeteo.Com. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  8. ↑ "Climatological Normals of Vinnica". Weather.gov.hk. 2012-12-20. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  9. ↑ "Bar". Ukrainian.travel. 2007-12-16. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  10. ↑ "Population of Ukraine". Database.ukrcensus.gov.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  11. 1 2 Andreevsky I. E. (editor), Enciclopaedia Vocabulary, St. Petersburg, Russia, 1891.
  12. 1 2 "Офіційна сторінка Всеукраїнського перепису населення". Ukrcensus.gov.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  13. ↑ "Барська районна бібліотека". Bar-library.com. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  14. ↑ "Барська районна бібліотека". Bar-library.com. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  15. ↑ "Офіційний сайт м.Бар | Барська міська рада". Bar-city.com.ua. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
  16. ↑ "Історія Собору | Собор Успіння Пресвятої Богородиці". Bar.church.ua. 2013-11-08. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  17. ↑ "Успенский Собор (@IUspenski)". Twitter. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  18. ↑
  19. ↑ http://bar.church.ua/vitajemo-nastoyatelya-z-visokoyu-nagorodoyu/
  20. ↑ http://bar.church.ua/kafedralnij-sobor-uspinnya-presvyatoji-bogorodici-vidznachiv-prestolnij-praznik/
  21. ↑ http://bar.church.ua/istoriya/
  22. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20140902023739/http://www.rkc.kh.ua:80/index.php?. Archived from the original on September 2, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2014. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  23. ↑ "Костел Св. Анны , Костел Св. Анни Бар, ул. Св. Николая, 12". Bar.glo.ua. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
  24. ↑ "Покровский монастырь в Баре , Покровський монастир у Барі Бар, ул. Монастырская, 55". Bar.glo.ua. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
  25. ↑ "Барский замок , Барський замок Винница, Бар, ул. В. Буняковського, 7". Bar.glo.ua. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
  26. 1 2 "Landmarks in Ukraine - Bar". Ukraine.kingdom.kiev.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  27. ↑ "Vinnitsa investment". Vininvest.gov.ua. 1932-02-27. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
  28. ↑ "The Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme". Un.org. 2005-11-01. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  29. ↑ "Барська районна бібліотека". Bar-library.com. 2015-10-15. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  30. 1 2 "Bar, Ukraine Virtual Jewish History Tour". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  31. ↑ "BAR | ukraine - International Jewish Cemetery Project". Iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  32. ↑ Faina A. Vinokurova. "The Holocaust in Vinnitsa Oblast" (PDF). Rtrfoundation.org. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  33. ↑ "ukraine". Jewishwebindex.com. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  34. ↑ "Барська районна бібліотека". Bar-library.com. 2015-08-21. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  35. ↑ "Барська районна бібліотека". Bar-library.com. 2012-06-27. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  36. ↑ "Барська районна бібліотека". Bar-library.com. 2012-05-16. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  37. ↑ "Бібліоміст". Bibliomist.org. 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  38. ↑ "Барська районна бібліотека". Bar-library.com. 2015-05-20. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  39. ↑ "Блог - Барський гуманітарно-педагогічний коледж". Bar-bgpk.at.ua. 2016-01-16. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  40. ↑ "Барский гуманитарно-педагогический колледж им. Михаила Грушевского — Бар, Винницкая обл". Osvita.com.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  41. ↑ Бадт Нту. "Найкращі ВУЗИ України 2015-206 // Барський автомобiльно-дорожнiй технiкум : Головна". Badtntu.com.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  42. ↑ "Барский колледж транспорта и строительства Национального транспортного университета (БКТС НТУ) — Бар, Винницкая обл". Osvita.com.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  43. ↑ "Барский профессиональный строительный лицей — Бар, Винницкая обл". Osvita.com.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  44. ↑ "Барская детская музыкальная школа — Творческая студия (Винница, Украина)". Vinnitsa.klumba.ua. 2015-12-12. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  45. ↑ "Regina-Basket Bar basketball, News, Roster, Rumors, Stats, Awards, Transactions, Details - eurobasket.com". Basketball.eurobasket.com. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  46. ↑ "Барська районна державна адміністрація". Barrda.gov.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  47. ↑ "Виробництво обладнання для харчової промисловості. Барський машзавод. Бармаш". Barmash.com.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  48. ↑ "Germany praises condition of Ukrainian gas transport system". Ukrinform.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  49. ↑ "Ukraine together with Germany began a real project GTS modernization - InvestUkraine". Investukraine.com. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  50. ↑ "Uksatse - Air Traffic Service". Uksatse.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Барская центральная районная больница г. Бар". Med36.com. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  52. ↑ "Дані про заклад". Barrda.gov.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  53. ↑ "Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  54. ↑ "Pirogov, Nikolai Ivanovich | Article about Pirogov, Nikolai Ivanovich by The Free Dictionary". Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
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  56. ↑ USA (2015-09-28). "[N. I. Pirogov-theoretist and organizer of military medicine]. - PubMed - NCBI". Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
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  58. ↑ "Vinnitsa National Medical University - Vinnitsa Medical University Vinnitsa State Medical University - About University". Universityukraine.com. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  59. 1 2 "Відділ статистики у Барському районі". Barrda.gov.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  60. ↑ "Бар (Україна). Расписание поездов по станции Бар (Украина)". E-kassa.com. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  61. ↑ "Бар,Винницкая обл.: расписание поездов и электричек". Poezdato.net. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  62. ↑ "Офіційний сайт м.Бар | Барська міська рада". Bar-city.com.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  63. ↑ "ПОДОЛЬСКИЙ КРАЙ, РЕДАКЦИЯ РАЙОННОЙ ГАЗЕТЫ (Винницкая обл., Барский р-н, г. Бар) — сайт, контакты, адреса, телефоны, продукция и услуги, интернет реклама". Ua-region.info. 2013-07-24. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  64. ↑ "ПОДОЛЬСКИЙ КРАЙ, РЕДАКЦИЯ РАЙОННОЙ ГАЗЕТЫ, КОММУНАЛЬНОЕ ГП: адрес, телефон, сайт | подольский край, редакция районной газеты, коммунальное гп в Баре и Барском районе | 321932". Spr.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  65. ↑ "Traditional foods". Encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
  66. ↑ "Национальная кухня Украины // Украина - национальные блюда". Countries.turistua.com. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
  67. ↑ "Ukrainian Food Journal". Ufj.ho.ua. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
  68. ↑ "Joseph Barondess Papers". Americanjewisharchives.org. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
  69. ↑ "Knesset Member, Batsheva Katznelson". Knesset.gov.il. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
  70. ↑ "Барська районна бібліотека". Bar-library.com. 2015-09-17. Retrieved 2016-02-10.

Further reading

  • Hrushevsky, M., Etnographic data about Bar's population until XVIII century, Readings of Nestora-Letopistsa Historical Society, Kyiv, Ukraine, vol. VI, 1892.
  • Hrushevsky, M., Organization of management in Bar Starostvo, Readings of Nestora-Letopistsa Historical Society, Kyiv, Ukraine, vol. IX, 1895.
  • Hrushevsky, M., Bar Starostvo: Historical Notes: XV-XVIII, St. Vladimir University Publishing House, Bol'shaya-Vasil'kovskaya, Building no. 29-31, Kiev, Ukraine, 1894; Lviv, Ukraine, ISBN 5-12-004335-6, pp. 1 – 623, 1996.
  • Podolynnyi A., Town of Bar, Mayak Publishing House, Odessa, Ukraine, 1990, pp. 1 – 62.
  • Kozak O., Jaltuchowski M., Mesnyankin E., Bakalets' O., Nawrocki S., Petrina M., Neptunsky B., Sharovatova L., Lozinsky I. (editors), Bar: Key to Eastern Podillya, AMJ Marketing, Uslugi reklamowo-marketingowe, Marcin Jadach, 82-200 Malbork, ul. Jagiellonska 2/27, Poland, ISBN 978-83-927080-8-7, pp. 1 – 71, 2009.
  • Bondarczuk I., Nawrocki S., Jaltuchowski M., Telega J., Czornyj A., Bodnarczuck S., Mejdbrajer S. (editors), Bar, Wykonawca: Max, Joanna Moroczek, 86-200 Stronno, ul. Topolowa 9, Poland, pp. 1 – 91, 2001.
  • Storozhuk A., Podil's'ky Bar and its Suburbs: History and Present (Events. Features. Facts), Humanitarian - Pedagogical College, Bar, Ukraine, UDK 94 (477.44), pp. 1 – 282, 2010.
  • Jaltuchowski M. P., Lozinsky I., Lozinsky O., Siroklin O., Perun I., Bitko N., Welcome to Town of Bar at Podill'ya Region, "Papirus" Publishing House, 2005.
  • Jaltuchowski M. P., Magdeburg Right and Self - Administration in Bar and its Surrounding Districts in XVI - Beginning of XX Centuries, Grigorchuk P. S., Zin'ko Yu. A. (editors), Scientific Notes, Vinnytsia State Pedagogic University named after M. Kotsyubinsky, Series: History, Issue XIX, pp. 8 – 11, 2011.
  • Mesnyankin E. I., Role of Bona Sforza and Bernard Pretvich in Adaptation of Magdeburg Right in Town of Bar, Hryhorchuk P. S., Zin'ko Yu. A. (editors), Scientific Notes, Vinnytsia State Pedagogic University named after M. Kotsyubinsky, Series: History, Issue XIX, pp. 15 – 19, 2011.
  • Batih M. I., Bar Monastery of Fathers Vasyliyan and Bar Vasyliyan School, Hryhorchuk P. S., Zin'ko Yu. A. (editors), Scientific Notes, Vinnytsia State Pedagogic University named after M. Kotsyubinsky, Series: History, Issue XIX, pp. 93 – 97, 2011.
  • Kharitonova I. V., Historical Centers of Spiritual Life in Town of Bar, Hryhorchuk P. S., Zin'ko Yu. A. (editors), Scientific Notes, Vinnytsia State Pedagogic University named after M. Kotsyubinsky, Series: History, Issue XIX, pp. 104 – 115, 2011.
  • Khilins'ka L. V., Regional Humanitarian College in History of Town of Bar, Hryhorchuk P. S., Zin'ko Yu. A. (editors), Scientific Notes, Vinnytsia State Pedagogic University named after M. Kotsyubinsky, Series: History, Issue XIX, pp. 116 – 122, 2011.
  • Filipova S. M., History of Development of Bar District Library, Hryhorchuk P. S., Zin'ko Yu. A. (editors), Scientific Notes, Vinnytsia State Pedagogic University named after M. Kotsyubinsky, Series: History, Issue XIX, pp. 138 – 142, 2011.
  • Savchuk P. N., History and Present of Bar Humanitarian - Pedagogical College named after M. Grushevsky, Grigorchuk P. S., Zin'ko Yu. A. (editors), Scientific Notes, Vinnytsia State Pedagogic University named after M. Kotsyubinsky, Series: History, Issue XIX, pp. 149 – 151, 2011.
  • Kryzhanivsky O. A., Matyushenko O. M., Rehabilitation Center for Young People with Disabilities in Town of Bar, Hryhorchuk P. S., Zin'ko Yu. A. (editors), Scientific Notes, Vinnytsia State Pedagogic University named after M. Kotsyubinsky, Series: History, Issue XIX, pp. 152 – 155, 2011.
  • Hryhorchuk P. S., Zin'ko Yu. A. (editors), Scientific Notes, Vinnytsia State Pedagogic University named after M. Kotsyubinsky, Series: History, Issue XIX, pp. 1 – 337, 2011.
  • Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan, Description of Ukraine, 1650; Kravets Ya. (translator), Kamenyar Publishing House, Lviv, Ukraine, ISBN 5-7745-0300-3, pp. 1 – 301, 1990.
  • Tsytsyurs'ka V. A., The restoration project of the fortress in the town Bar, ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 24–42, September 2014.
  • Esiunin S., The Town of Bar in Mogilev District in the early twentieth century, ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 75–81, September 2014.
  • Klimchuk A. A., Fathers Jesuits in Bar, ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 81–85, September 2014.
  • Khikhlach B. M., The Basilians in Bar, ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 86–93, September 2014.
  • Malinovsky Yu. L., Bar monastery in space and time, ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 93–95, September 2014.
  • Kharitonova I. V., Basilian school as part of religion-spiritual life in Bar at XVI - XIX centuries, ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 96–101, September 2014.
  • Gal'chak S. D., Role by representatives of Ukrainian intelligent people in birth of regional history studies in Vinnytsia region, ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 127–132, September 2014.
  • Moroz V. S. and Moroz V. S., Roman coin on the Podillia and South-Eastern Volyn', ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 162–169, September 2014.
  • Kyrilyuk L. A., Bar's district library: Library in context of community life, II International Conference "Bar Land from Prism of Centuries", Bar, Ukraine, pp. 359–361, May 17, 2008.
  • Kyrilyuk L. A., Phenomenon of Bar's district library: Transformation of classical library into innovative organization, which intensifies social - economical development of territorial communities, ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 176–180, September 2014.
  • Kryzhanivsky A., Western European tradition of the Sforza dynasty in the era of the Italian renaissance and its influence on the formation of social and cultural formations on land of Podolian the first half of the XVI century, ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 190–196, September 2014.
  • Mesnyankin E. I., Bona Sforza and renaissance age in Podil'sky district, ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 198–201, September 2014.
  • Koval' N. O., The figure of Queen Bona Sforza in the history of Bar land in Podill'ya, ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 207–209, September 2014.
  • Zelenen'ka I. A., Bar's school of modern Ukrainian poetry, ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 291–300, September 2014.
  • Pen'kova N. O., Ethnical-psychological features of Bar's land images creation and their pedagogical potential (going from literature by Podolyans), ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 322–329, September 2014.
  • Dmytrienko M. F., Mosunov M. M., Bakalets' O. A. (editors), Proceedings of the ІІІ International Scientific Conference "Bar's Land Podill'ya: European Heritage and Innovative Development Perspectives," Bar-Kyiv, Ukraine, September 2014, Rogal's'ka І. О. Publisher, Khmel'nyts'ke Shose 145, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, ISBN 978-617-7171-10-1, pp. 1–348, 2014.
  • Bar, City in Podol'skoy Gubernii, Encyclopedia Dictionary by Brokgauz and Efron, vol. 86 (82 vols. and 4 additional vols.), St. Petersbourg, Russia, 1890—1907.
  • Bar, vol. VII, Big Soviet Encyclopedia, Soviet Encyclopedia Publishing House, Moscow, Russia, 1969—1978.

External links

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Coordinates: 49°04′30″N 27°40′34″E / 49.07500°N 27.67611°E / 49.07500; 27.67611

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