Basidiobolus ranarum
| Basidiobolus ranarum | |
|---|---|
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| Basidiobolus hyphae | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Zygomycota |
| Class: | Zygomycetes |
| Order: | Entomophthorales |
| Family: | Basidiobolaceae |
| Genus: | Basidiobolus |
| Species: | B. ranarum |
| Binomial name | |
| Basidiobolus ranarum Eidam | |
Basidiobolus ranarum is a microscopic fungus in the order Entomophthorales.
Life cycle
It produces large, spherical, asexual spores that are forcibly discharged. These spores can germinate directly to produce hyphae. When they land in an unfavorable location, they can alternately germinate to produce a long, slender capilliconidiophore that bears a single, falcate capilliconidium. At the distal tip of the capilliconidium is a sticky mucous drop that is presumed to aid in dispersal. B. ranarum can also produce thick-walled resting spores that are presumably the sites of meiosis.
B. ranarum can be isolated from decaying leaf litter and the excrement of frogs and terrestrial, insect-eating reptiles. It has been considered a commensal of frogs, although there is no evidence that it multiplies or persists in a frog's gut.
Pathology
Basidiobolus ranarum can be a human pathogen, causing a disease called basidiobolomycosis[1][2] (formerly entomophthoromycosis).
Usually basidiobolomycosis is a subcutaneous infection (subcutaneous abscess).[3] Rarely gastrointestinal manifestations have been described. In gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis, the colon is most frequently involved, usually presenting with subacute mild abdominal pain. In contrast to children, only very few described adult patients had hepatic masses. Definitive diagnosis requires culture, serological testing can be helpful. The fungal morphology and the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon are characteristic histological features. There are no prominent risk factors. Usually surgery and prolonged antifungal therapy are required.[4] The antifungal therapy can be based on posaconazole. [5]
References
- ↑ van den Berk GE, Noorduyn LA, van Ketel RJ, van Leeuwen J, Bemelman WA, Prins JM (2006). "A fatal pseudo-tumour: disseminated basidiobolomycosis". BMC Infect. Dis. 6: 140. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-6-140. PMC 1574330. PMID 16978407.
- ↑ Singh R, Xess I, Ramavat AS, Arora R (2008). "Basidiobolomycosis: a rare case report". Indian J Med Microbiol 26 (3): 265–7. doi:10.4103/0255-0857.42044. PMID 18695330.
- ↑ Anaparthy, U. R.; Deepika, G (2014). "A case of subcutaneous zygomycosis". Indian Dermatology Online Journal 5 (1): 51–4. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.126033. PMC 3937489. PMID 24616857.
- ↑ Van Den Berk, G. E.; Noorduyn, L. A.; Van Ketel, R. J.; Van Leeuwen, J; Bemelman, W. A.; Prins, J. M. (2006). "A fatal pseudo-tumour: Disseminated basidiobolomycosis". BMC Infectious Diseases 6: 140. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-6-140. PMC 1574330. PMID 16978407.
- ↑ Rose, S. R.; Lindsley, M. D.; Hurst, S. F.; Paddock, C. D.; Damodaran, T; Bennett, J (2012). "Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis treated with posaconazole". Medical Mycology Case Reports 2: 11–4. doi:10.1016/j.mmcr.2012.11.001. PMC 3885966. PMID 24432205.