Basketball Association of America

Basketball Association of America
Sport Basketball
Founded June 6, 1946 (1946-06-06)
Ceased August 1949 merger
No. of teams 16
Countries  United States
 Canada
Last champion(s) Minneapolis Lakers
Related competitions National Basketball Association

The Basketball Association of America (BAA) was a professional basketball league in North America, founded in 1946. Following its third season, 1948–49, the BAA and the National Basketball League (NBL) merged to create the National Basketball Association (NBA).[1]

The Philadelphia Warriors won the inaugural BAA championship in 1947, followed by the Baltimore Bullets and the Minneapolis Lakers in 1948 and 1949. Six teams from the BAA remain in operation in the NBA as of the 2012–13 season, three who co-founded the league in 1946 and three who joined it from the NBL in 1948 (below). The inaugural BAA season began with 11 teams, of which four dropped before the second season. One ABL team joined to provide 8 teams for 1947–48 and four NBL teams joined to provide 12 for 1948–49. The records and statistics of the BAA and NBL prior to the merger in 1949 are considered in official NBA history only if a player, coach or team participated in the newly formed NBA after 1949 for one or more seasons.[2][3]

The NBA generally claims the BAA's history as its own. For example, at NBA History online its table of one-line "NBA Season Recaps" begins 1946–47 without comment.[4] It celebrated "NBA at 50" in 1996, with announcement of its 50 Greatest Players among other things.[5]

History

An exterior view of a building. The building has a sign that says "Maple Leaf Gardens" on the front.
Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto hosted the first BAA game.

When the BAA was founded there were two established professional leagues in the United States: the American Basketball League in the East, founded 1925, and the National Basketball League in Midwestern industrial cities, founded 1937. However, most of the ABL and NBL teams played in small arenas, and in some cases even ballrooms or high school gymnasiums. Walter Brown, owner of the Boston Garden, believed that major ice hockey arenas, which sat empty on many nights, could be put to profitable use hosting basketball games when there were no ice hockey games to be played.[6] To put this theory into practice, the BAA was founded in New York City on June 6, 1946. Maurice Podoloff, who was already serving as president of the American Hockey League, was appointed president of the BAA, becoming the first person to simultaneously lead two professional leagues[7] (Joseph Carr had been president of the ABL from 1925 to 1928 while also overseeing the National Football League, although the NFL and ABL seasons did not overlap).[8]

The owners of the BAA, while experienced businessmen, had little practice at owning basketball teams.[9] The league started with 11 teams, which played a 60-game regular season. This was followed by the playoffs and the final series to determine the league winner.[7] Similar to Major League Baseball, nobody expected signing or drafting black players.[10]

Although there had been earlier attempts at professional basketball leagues, including the American Basketball League (ABL) and the NBL, the BAA was the first league that attempted to play primarily in large arenas in major cities, such as Madison Square Garden and Boston Garden.[11] At its inception, the quality of play in the BAA was not significantly better than in competing leagues, or among leading independent clubs such as the Harlem Globetrotters. For instance, both the 1948 and 1949 titles were won by teams that had played in other leagues during the previous year, the Baltimore Bullets in 1948 and the Minneapolis Lakers in 1949 respectively.[12][13]

1946–47 season

The league started with 11 teams, which were divided into two divisions, the Eastern Division and the Western Division. Each team played 60 or 61 regular season games. The best three teams from each division advanced to the playoffs. The two division winners received first round byes and qualified directly to the semifinals while the two second-placed teams and two third-placed teams contest a best-of-3 quarterfinal and semifinal. The final series was also played in a best-of-7 format.

On November 1, 1946, at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, the Toronto Huskies hosted the New York Knickerbockers, which the NBA now regards as the league's first official game.[14] In the opening game of the BAA, Ossie Schectman scored the opening basket for the Knickerbockers.[15] The Eastern Division winner, the Washington Capitols, who had the best record with 49 wins, were defeated in the best-of-7 semifinal by the Western Division winner, the Chicago Stags. The Stags advanced to the finals along with the Philadelphia Warriors who defeated the New York Knickerbockers in the other semifinal. The Warriors won the inaugural BAA championship by winning the series 4–1.[11][16][17]

The first year had many problems. In arenas shared with hockey teams, some arena owners simply put a wooden basketball floor over the ice. This caused some games to be cancelled due to puddles on the floor. In addition, some owners would not heat their buildings, leading fans to bring blankets to the games and players to wear gloves. Attendance averaged just 3,000 per game. Teams with large leads would stall by having players dribble the ball for long periods. The owners discussed trying a 60-minute game and even doing "innings" where each team would have the ball for a certain period of time.[18] In addition, the teams in the league were financially weak.[19] However, the BAA still had fans eager to see former college stars play.[20]

From the beginning, the league aspired to be a major league. The league also differed from its rival, the National Basketball League. The BAA played a 48-minute game instead of a 40-minute game, and allowed players to play until they committed six fouls as opposed to five. The league formation did not alarm team owners in the NBL until some NBL players switched to the BAA.[21]

1947–48 season

Before the season started, the Cleveland Rebels, Detroit Falcons, Pittsburgh Ironmen and Toronto Huskies folded, leaving the BAA with only seven teams. The Baltimore Bullets joined the league from the ABL, and were assigned to the Western Division along with the Washington Capitols to even the divisions. Prior to the start of the season, the league held its inaugural college draft on July 1, 1947.[22] Each team played 48 regular season games. The Eastern Division was won by the Philadelphia Warriors, the West by the St. Louis Bombers.[12]

The 1948 Playoffs followed the same format as the previous year. The Eastern Division winner, the Philadelphia Warriors defeated the Western Division winner, St. Louis Bombers. In the finals, the Warriors were defeated by the Bullets 4–2.[12][23][24]

1948–49 season

Prior to the start of the season, four teams from the NBL, the Fort Wayne Pistons, Indianapolis Jets, Minneapolis Lakers and the Rochester Royals, joined the BAA. This caused a surge in talent as players such as George Mikan were now playing in the BAA.[13] With twelve teams, the league was realigned into a two six-team divisions. Each team played 60 regular season games. The Eastern Division was won by the Washington Capitols who had 38 wins, while the Western Division was dominated by the two new teams, the Royals and the Lakers who had 45 and 44 wins respectively.[25]

The 1949 Playoffs were expanded to include eight teams. The four best teams from each division contested in divisional semifinals and divisional finals to find each division winners. The two division winners then advanced to the finals. The divisional semifinals and finals were played in a best-of-3 format while the final series were played in the best-of-7 format. The Lakers defeated the Royals to become the inaugural Western Division winner. In the other divisional final, the Capitols defeated the New York Knicks to become the inaugural Eastern Division winner. The Lakers then won the finals by defeating the Capitols 4–2.[13][25][26]

The end of the BAA

On August 3, 1949, the BAA agreed to merge with the NBL, creating the National Basketball Association (NBA). The six remaining NBL teams were absorbed into the BAA, which then had ten teams after the Indianapolis Jets and the Providence Steamrollers folded prior to the absorption. The Indianapolis Olympians, a planned expansion team for the NBL, also joined the newly formed league. In total, the new league had 17 teams located in a mix of large and small cities, as well as large arenas, smaller gymnasiums, and armories.[7][27] Prior to the merge, the league held the 1949 College Draft on March 21, which was the last event held under the name BAA.[22]

The NBA claims the BAA's history as its own.[4][5] It reckons the 1949 deal as an expansion, not a merger, and does not recognize NBL records.

League championships

Main article: List of NBA champions
Year Champion Finals
wins		 Losing finalist Ref.
1947Philadelphia Warriors 4–1Chicago Stags [11]
1948Baltimore Bullets[a] 4–2Philadelphia Warriors[12]
1949Minneapolis Lakers 4–2Washington Capitols[13]

Teams

^ Denotes a franchise that currently plays in the NBA
Team City Years
active		 Seasons
played		 Win–Loss
record		 Win pct. Playoff
seasons		 Champion
seasons		 Ref.
BAA Buffalo Buffalo, New York Never Played 0 0–0 N/A 0 0 [28]
BAA Indianapolis Indianapolis, Indiana Never Played 0 0–0 N/A 0 0 [28]
Baltimore Bullets[a] Baltimore, Maryland 1947–49 2 57–51 .528 2 1 [29]
Boston Celtics^ Boston, Massachusetts 1946–49 3 67–101 .399 1 0 [30]
Chicago Stags Chicago, Illinois 1946–49 3 105–64 .621 3 0 [31]
Cleveland Rebels Cleveland, Ohio 1946–47 1 30–30 .500 1 0 [32]
Detroit Falcons Detroit, Michigan 1946–47 1 20–40 .333 0 0 [33]
Fort Wayne Pistons^[b] Fort Wayne, Indiana 1948–49 1 22–38 .367 0 0 [34]
Indianapolis Jets[g]  Indianapolis, Indiana 1948–49 1 18–42 .300 0 0 [35]
Minneapolis Lakers^[c] Minneapolis, Minnesota 1948–49 1 44–16 .733 1 1 [36]
New York Knickerbockers^  New York City 1946–49 3 91–77 .542 3 0 [37]
Philadelphia Warriors^[d] Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1946–49 3 90–78 .536 3 1 [38]
Pittsburgh Ironmen Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1946–47 1 15–45 .250 0 0 [39]
Providence Steamrollers Providence, Rhode Island 1946–49 3 46–122 .274 0 0 [40]
Rochester Royals^[e] Rochester, New York 1948–49 1 45–15 .750 1 0 [41]
St. Louis Bombers St. Louis, Missouri 1946–49 3 96–73 .568 3 0 [42]
Toronto Huskies Toronto, Ontario 1946–47 1 22–38 .367 0 0 [43]
Washington Capitols[f] Washington, D.C. 1946–49 3 115–53 .685 3 0 [44]
  • a Not affiliated with the present-day Washington Wizards, which were known as the Baltimore Bullets from 1963 to 1973, Baltimore moved from the ABL to the BAA in 1947.
  • b Known as the Detroit Pistons since 1957, Fort Wayne moved from the NBL to the BAA in 1948.
  • c Known as the Los Angeles Lakers since 1960, Minneapolis moved from the NBL to the BAA in 1948.
  • d Known as the Golden State Warriors since 1971, Philadelphia relocated to San Francisco in 1962.
  • e Known as the Sacramento Kings since 1985, Rochester moved from the NBL to the BAA in 1948 (and relocated three times).
  • f Not affiliated with National Hockey League Washington Capitals
  • g Indianapolis moved from the NBL to the BAA in 1948, along with three other teams that remain in operation.

Annual standings

1946–47

Eastern Division[11]
Team W L Pct. GB
Washington Capitols 49 11 .817 –
Philadelphia Warriors 35 25 .583 14
New York Knicks 33 27 .550 16
Providence Steamrollers 28 32 .467 21
Boston Celtics 22 38 .367 27
Toronto Huskies 22 38 .367 27
Western Division[11]
Team W L Pct. GB
Chicago Stags 39 22 .639 –
St. Louis Bombers 38 23 .623 1
Cleveland Rebels 30 30 .500 8½
Detroit Falcons 20 40 .333 18½
Pittsburgh Ironmen 15 45 .250 23½

1947–48

Eastern Division[12]
Team W L Pct. GB
Philadelphia Warriors 27 21 .563 –
New York Knicks 26 22 .542 1
Boston Celtics 20 28 .417 7
Providence Steamrollers 6 42 .125 21
Western Division[12]
Team W L Pct. GB
St. Louis Bombers 29 19 .604 –
Baltimore Bullets 28 20 .583 1
Chicago Stags 28 20 .583 1
Washington Capitols 28 20 .583 1

1948–49

Eastern Division[13]
Team W L Pct. GB
Washington Capitols 38 22 .633 –
New York Knicks 32 28 .533 6
Baltimore Bullets 29 31 .483 9
Philadelphia Warriors 28 32 .467 10
Boston Celtics 25 35 .417 13
Providence Steamrollers 12 48 .200 26
Western Division[13]
Team W L Pct. GB
Rochester Royals 45 15 .750 –
Minneapolis Lakers 44 16 .733 1
Chicago Stags 38 22 .633 7
St. Louis Bombers 29 31 .483 16
Fort Wayne Pistons 22 38 .367 23
Indianapolis Jets 18 42 .300 27

Awards

Main article: All-NBA Team

The All-BAA Team was an annual BAA honor bestowed on the best players in the league following every season. The All-BAA Team was composed of two five-man lineups—a first and second team, comprising a total of 10 roster spots. The players were selected without regard to position.[45]

* Denotes a Hall of Fame player
Player (X) Denotes the number of times the player has been selected
All-BAA Team[45]
Season First team Second team
PlayersTeams PlayersTeams
1946–47 Joe Fulks*Philadelphia WarriorsErnie CalverleyProvidence Steamrollers
Bob FeerickWashington CapitolsFrank BaumholtzCleveland Rebels
Stan MiasekDetroit FalconsJohnny LoganSt. Louis Bombers
Bones McKinneyWashington CapitolsChick HalbertChicago Stags
Max ZaslofskyChicago StagsFred ScolariWashington Capitols
1947–48 Joe Fulks* (2)Philadelphia WarriorsJohnny Logan (2)St. Louis Bombers
Max Zaslofsky (2)Chicago StagsCarl BraunNew York Knicks
Ed SadowskiBoston CelticsStan Miasek (2)Chicago Stags
Howie DallmarPhiladelphia WarriorsFred Scolari (2)Washington Capitols
Bob Feerick (2)Washington Capitols Buddy Jeannette*Baltimore Bullets
1948–49 George Mikan*Minneapolis Lakers Arnie Risen*Rochester Royals
Joe Fulks* (3)Philadelphia WarriorsBob Feerick (3)Washington Capitols
Bob Davies*Rochester RoyalsBones McKinneyWashington Capitols
Max Zaslofsky (3)Chicago StagsKen SailorsProvidence Steamrollers
Jim Pollard*Minneapolis LakersJohnny Logan (3)St. Louis Bombers

References

  1. ↑ "AUG 03: Sports: 1949: NBA is born". This Day in History. History.com. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  2. ↑ "Basketball Association of America League Minutes 1946–1949". The Association for Professional Basketball Research. APBR.org. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  3. ↑ 2012–13 Official National Basketball Association Register. NBA.com.
  4. 1 2 "NBA Season Recaps". NBA History (nba.com/history). July 1, 2014. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  5. 1 2 "NBA at 50 celebrates legends of league". Announced October 29, 1996. NBA History (nba.com/history). August 26, 2011. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  6. ↑ Schumacher, Michael (2007). Mr. Basketball: George Mikan. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 71–72. ISBN 0-8166-5675-4. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
  7. 1 2 3 Berger, Phil. "First Season". AmericanHeritage.com. American Heritage Publishing. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  8. ↑ http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/06-05-182.pdf Archived November 27, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  9. ↑ Riess, Steven A. (1998). Sports and the American Jew. Syracuse: Syracuse University press. ISBN 978-0-8156-2754-8. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
  10. ↑ Thomas, Ron (2002). They cleared the lane; the NBA. First Nebraska Paperback pringting. ISBN 978-0-8032-9454-7. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 "Fulks' Warriors Star in League's First Season". NBA/Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "New Team in Baltimore Grabs Crown". NBA/Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "The Mikan Era Arrives". NBA/Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  14. ↑ "History of Basketball in Canada". NBA/Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. March 8, 2002. Archived from the original on April 19, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2007.
  15. ↑ Goldaper, Sam. "The First Game". NBA. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  16. ↑ "1946–47 BAA Season Summary". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  17. ↑ "Warriors Win Inaugural Finals". NBA/Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Archived from the original on December 1, 2009. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  18. ↑ Pluto, Terry (1992). Tale Tales: The Glory Days of the NBA. Simon & Schuster, Inc. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-8032-8766-2. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
  19. ↑ Gould, Todd (1989). Winning is the Only Thing in Sports. Jonh Hopkins University press. ISBN 978-0-253-21199-6. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
  20. ↑ Guide to Essential Knowledge. New York Times (752 Fifth Ave. New York City, New York: New York Times Company). 2007. ISBN 978-0-312-37659-8. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
  21. ↑ Gould, Todd (1998). Pioneers of the Hardwood: Indiana and the Birth of Professional Basketball. Indiana University Press. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
  22. 1 2 "1947–1948 BAA Drafts, 1949–1951 NBA Drafts". The Association for Professional Basketball Research. Retrieved September 11, 2009.
  23. ↑ "1947–48 BAA Season Summary". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  24. ↑ "Baltimore Bursts Into Big Leagues". NBA/Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Archived from the original on December 1, 2009. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  25. 1 2 "1948–49 BAA Season Summary". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  26. ↑ "Mikan, Lakers Begin Championship Run". NBA/Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Archived from the original on December 1, 2009. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  27. ↑ "Powerful Lakers Repeat". NBA/Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  28. 1 2 Bradley, Robert. "BAA League Minutes". APBR. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
  29. ↑ "Baltimore Bullets Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  30. ↑ "Boston Celtics Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  31. ↑ "Chicago Stags Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  32. ↑ "Cleveland Rebels Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  33. ↑ "Detroit Falcons Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  34. ↑ "Detroit Pistons Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  35. ↑ "Indianapolis Jets Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  36. ↑ "Los Angeles Lakers Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  37. ↑ "New York Knickerbockers Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  38. ↑ "Golden State Warriors Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  39. ↑ "Pittsburgh Ironmen Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  40. ↑ "Providence Steamrollers Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
  41. ↑ "Sacramento Kings Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
  42. ↑ "St. Louis Bombers Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  43. ↑ "Toronto Huskies Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  44. ↑ "Washington Capitols Franchise Index". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  45. 1 2 "All-NBA Teams". NBA/Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Retrieved August 15, 2009.

External links

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