Battle of Ctesiphon (263)

Battle of Ctesiphon (263)
Part of the Roman–Persian Wars
Date 263 Location Ctesiphon, (present day Iraq) Result Sasanian victory[1][2][3]
Belligerents
Sasanian Empire	Palmyrene kingdom Roman Empire
Commanders and leaders
Shapur I	Odaenathus
Strength
Unknown	Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Unknown

The Battle of Ctesiphon took place in 263 between the Sassanid Empire and Palmyrene army under the Palmyrene king Odaenathus (Palmyra was then an allied state of Rome and officially part of the latter Empire).^[4][5][6] Following the Sasanians' defeat and loss of Syria and Cappadocia to the Roman Empire at the hands of Odaenathus and Balista; The Palmyrene monarch invaded Mesopotamia and stood at the walls of Ctesiphon and devastated the region around it, however he could not conquer it.^[7][8][9] Logistical problems fighting in enemy territory forced the Palmyrenes to leave the siege carrying with them numerous prisoners and booty.^[5] The prisoners were sent to Rome enabling the Roman emperor Gallienus of holding a triumph.^[10]

References

1. Who's Who in the Roman World by John Hazel
2. Babylonia Judaica in the Talmudic Period by A'haron Oppenheimer, Benjamin H. Isaac, Michael Lecker
3. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica
4. Gary K. Young (2003). Rome's Eastern Trade: International Commerce and Imperial Policy 31 BC - AD 305. p. 159.
5. Udo Hartmann (2001). Das palmyrenische Teilreich (in German). p. 172.
6. Michael Gagarin (2009). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome, Volume 7. p. 156.
7. Who's Who in the Roman World by John Hazel
8. Babylonia Judaica in the Talmudic Period by A'haron Oppenheimer, Benjamin H. Isaac, Michael Lecker
9. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica
10. Pat Southern (2008). Empress Zenobia: Palmyra s Rebel Queen. p. 71.