Beamish Museum

Beamish
Established 1970
Location Beamish, Stanley, County Durham, England
Type Open-air living museum
Collection size 304,000+ objects
Visitors 350,000 annually[1]
Director Richard Evans
Website Beamish official website

Beamish, the North of England Open Air Museum is an open-air museum located at Beamish, near the town of Stanley, County Durham, England. The museum's guiding principle is to preserve an example of everyday life in urban and rural North East England at the climax of industrialisation in the early 20th century.

Much of the restoration and interpretation is specific to the late Victorian and Edwardian eras, together with portions of countryside under the influence of industrial revolution in 1825. On its 300 acres (120 ha) estate it utilises a mixture of translocated, original and replica buildings; a huge collection of artifacts, working vehicles and equipment; as well as livestock and costumed interpreters.

The museum has received a number of awards since it opened its present site to visitors in 1972 and has been influential on other "living museums". It is a significant educational resource, and helps to preserve some traditional north-country and rare livestock breeds.

History

Beamish is the first English museum to be financed and administered by a consortium of County Councils (Cleveland, Durham, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear) and it was the first regional open-air museum in England. The museum was first proposed in 1958 and the collections were established on the Beamish site in 1970 under director Frank Atkinson (b. 1924, d. 2014).[2] Atkinson, realising that the region's traditional industries of coal-mining, shipbuilding, and iron and steel manufacture were disappearing along with the communities that served them, was anxious to preserve the customs, traditions and ways of speech of the region. He said, "It is essential that collecting be carried out quickly and on as big a scale as possible. It is now almost too late."[3]

Atkinson adopted a policy of "unselective collecting"[4] — "you offer it to us and we will collect it." The people of the region responded with donations of all kinds ranging from small everyday objects to steam engines and shops, filling an entire army camp of 22 huts and hangars at Brancepeth.[3]

The first exhibition was held in Beamish Hall in 1971, and the present site was opened to visitors for the first time in 1972 with the first translocated buildings (the railway station and colliery winding engine) being erected the following year.[5] The approximately 300-acre (1.2 km2) current site, once belonging to the Eden and Shafto families, is a basin-shaped steep-sided valley with woodland areas, a river, some level ground and a south-facing aspect.[3] Since 1986 visitors have entered the museum, which has been 96% self-funding for some years (mainly from admission charges), through an entrance arch formed by a steam hammer, across a former opencast mining site and through a converted stable block (from Greencroft, near Lanchester, County Durham).[3][6]

In 2012 the museum acquired a block of prefabricated houses from Kibblesworth which were originally designed by Sir Edwin Airey. It is intended that these will be part of a 1950s exhibition area.[7] In April 2016, a £17m plan to expand the museum to include a 1950s village was approved by Durham council county. The Heritage Lottery Fund had already awarded £10.7m towards the costs, and foundations and trusts a further £3.3m; the museum still had to raise the remaining £2.4m at the time that the plans were approved. The expansion plans also feature the former Grand Electric Cinema from Ryhope, Sunderland, which will be demolished and re-erected at Beamish, a working windmill, and a Georgian coach house where visitors to the museum will be able to spend the night.[8]

1913

Town

Reenactors creating a period street scene at the museum

The town area, officially opened in 1985, depicts chiefly Victorian buildings in an evolved urban setting of 1913.[9] These include the Annfield Plain Co-Operative Store (with operating cash carrier system);[10][11] a terrace of "professionals"’ houses (from Gateshead), "occupied" by a music teacher, dentist's surgery and family home, and solicitor’s office; a pub (the Sun Inn from Bishop Auckland); town stables and carriage shed (utilising iron roof trusses from Fleetwood) housing an extensive collection of horse-drawn vehicles; a branch office of the Sunderland Daily Echo,[12] stationer’s and printshop; a sweet shop and manufactory; a garage; a branch of Barclays Bank (using components from Southport and Gateshead), and a masonic temple (from Sunderland). There is a bandstand (from Gateshead) in a public park, together with drinking fountains and other examples of street furniture.

The bakery opened in 2014, and future plans for the town include a shopping arcade, dispensing chemist the groundwork for which has started in 2014 on the corner between the garage and new bakery(using fittings from Stockton-on-Tees[13]), as well as fire and police stations and other municipal buildings. The museum also has the components of an early cinema, and those of a gasworks from Milnthorpe.

Railway station

A typical North Eastern Railway station is reconstructed on the edge of the town. The station building itself came from Rowley, just a few miles from Beamish, which both originally lay on the Stanhope and Tyne Railway.[14] The signal box came from Carr House, near Consett; the goods shed from Alnwick; and coal drops from West Boldon.

The station is dominated by the Regional Museums Store (completed in 2002, and externally disguised as "Beamish Waggon and Iron Works, estd 1857"), which Beamish shares with Tyne and Wear Museums. This houses, amongst other things; railway rolling stock and other vehicles; a large marine diesel engine by William Doxford & Sons of Pallion, Sunderland (1977); and several boats including the Tyne wherry (a traditional local type of lighter) Elswick No. 2 (1930).[15] The store is only open at selected times, and for special tours which can be arranged through the museum; however, a number of viewing windows have been provided for use at other times. Adjacent is an events field and fairground with a set of Frederick Savage built steam powered Gallopers dating from 1893.

Colliery village

Reconstructed pitworks buildings showing winding gear

In view of the impact that coal mining has had on its region, the museum has major collections related to this industry.[16] Exhibits include the museum's Mahogany Drift Mine, a coal mine original to the site where it is possible to take an underground tour. The colliery is dominated by the regularly steamed 1855 vertical 'Crowther' winding engine[17] (from the nearby Beamish 2nd Pit), screens (from Gateshead) and a waste tip. There are a number of industrial steam locomotives (including rare examples by Stephen Lewin, from Seaham, and Black, Hawthorn & Co), and many chaldron wagons (the region’s traditional type of colliery railway rolling stock, and which became a symbol of Beamish Museum).[18] There is usually a pit pony on site and the museum has a significant collection of safety lamps. The surrounding village includes miners' cottages from Hetton-le-Hole, the Wesleyan Methodist chapel from Pit Hill,[19] and East Stanley Board School (which has led to a special relationship between the museum and the successor primary school). Evidence can be seen of traditional pastimes such as pigeon racing and quoits. An Edwardian coal-fired Fish and Chip shop, Davy's Fried Fish named for Edwardian chip shop owners the Davy Brothers of Winlaton Mill, Gateshead, opened in Summer 2011 next to the Chapel.[20] It serves fish and chips cooked in traditional beef dripping.[20] The locomotive Coffee Pot No 1 is often in steam during the summer.

Home Farm

Coffee Pot No 1 in steam

This farm complex, preserved in situ, was rebuilt in the mid-nineteenth century as a model farm incorporating a horse mill and a steam-powered threshing mill. It is a base for some of the museum’s agricultural activities. In early 2014 Home Farm was converted to represent northern rural life in the 1940s.

Reenactor stands with a pack horse at the museum.

The Georgian North (1825)

The eastern side of the museum site is based around the original Pockerley Manor farm, a 15th-century foundation with a domestic wing of c.1720. The back part of the house was a bastle house, with ceiling beams carbon-dated to the 14th century, although the structure is believed to be older. The surrounding farmlands have been returned to a post-enclosure landscape with ridge and furrow topography, divided into smaller fields by traditional riven oak fencing. The land is worked and grazed by traditional methods and breeds.

Through this scene passes a pack pony track and the recently constructed wooden- and Pockerley waggonways (see below) serving a replica coal pit with horse-worked winding gin. It is intended to expand this area by the restoration of an existing watermill on the Beamish Burn (River Team) (where there are also remains of forges), and the development of a rural community including the re-erection of St Helen’s Church from Eston in North Yorkshire.

Transport

A tram and a bus transporting passengers to various parts of the museum

The museum contains much of transport interest, and the size of its site makes good internal transportation for visitors and staff purposes a necessity.[21][22]

Railway

In the railway station yard, a variety of wagons are on display. Under the footbridge (from Crook) the line extends to the far end of the town, a distance of ¼ mile. The line used to connect to the colliery sidings until 1991 when it was lifted so that the tram line could be extended. Regular steam operation ceased in 1995 due to the lack of permanently available working locomotives. From the nearby Bowes Railway, Andrew Barclay locomotives No. 22 and W.S.T. have made visits in recent years. The museum’s restored North Eastern Railway coach was moved to the Tanfield Railway, also nearby, but it returned to Beamish in 2012 for restoration and use.

LNER 68088 at Beamish, 2011

Resident locomotives include NER Class C1 freight engine No. 876 (British Railways Class J21 No. 65033), built at Gateshead in 1889. After lying out of use since 1984 it was moved to the North Norfolk Railway for restoration and returning to steam in 2007. A syndicate has now been formed and an appeal made for contributions. The museum also formerly operated its Hawthorn Leslie industrial engine No. 14.

During 2009 the main running line to the far end of the town was relaid so that passenger rides could recommence from the station during 2010. In February 2011 the museum received a 1923-built LNER Y7 Class 0-4-0T engine on a three-year loan from the North Norfolk Railway. The engine will run a passenger service at Rowley Station on weekends during the summer season. Currently under restoration at the Severn Valley Railway is 0-4-4T Dunrobin, which Beamish purchased in 2010 for use on the Rowley Station line. In 2012 Beamish also purchased 0-6-0 Saddle Tank 'Newcastle'; restoration is planned.

Pockerley Waggonway

Replica Steam Elephant, Pockerley Waggonway

In 1999 Beamish opened the Pockerley Waggonway, recreating a railway at the transition from wagonway to steam railway in 1825. There is a short length of track, and the locomotives are housed and maintained in a "great shed", inspired by lost buildings from Timothy Hackworth’s Shildon railway works and incorporating some material from Robert Stephenson and Company’s Newcastle works.

Visitors to the museum can ride in an unsprung carriage behind one of three replica steam locomotives on the railway:

Wooden waggonway

Following creation of the Pockerley Waggonway, the museum went back a chapter in railway history to create a horse-worked wooden waggonway.

Tramway

Beamish is home to several electric trams, some of which operate daily on the track which makes a circuit of the museum site forming an important element of the visitor transportation system.[25][26] It is also the longest preserved tramway in the country.

Original operator Number Year built Livery Seats Current status Image Notes
Sunderland Corporation Tramways 16 1900 Crimson and cream 66 Operational Was originally built as an open-topper before being converted to a fully enclosed double-decker after World War One. After spending 30 years being used as a shed it was rescued by Beamish in 1989 and after a painstaking restoration, was restored to fully operational 1920s condition in 2003. Returned to service in December 2014 following an overhaul.

Media related to Sunderland Corporation Tramways No. 16 at Wikimedia Commons

Grimsby & Immingham Electric Railway 26 1925 British Railways green. 48 Undergoing overhaul Originally operated by Gateshead and District Tramways Company with the fleet number 10 before being sold to the Grimsby & Immingham Electric Railway in 1951 with the fleet number 26, where it operated until the railway's closure in 1961. Was the first tram to enter service at Beamish in 1973. Repainted from Gateshead 10 to Grimsby and Immingham 26 in 2012. An overhaul began in January 2016, which will involve the tram regaining its original guise of Gateshead 10.

Media related to Gateshead and District Tramways No. 10 at Wikimedia Commons Media related to Grimsby and Immingham Electric Tramways No. 26 at Wikimedia Commons

Blackpool tramway 31 1901 Red, white and teak 86 On loan to Blackpool Tramway 31 was originally built as a four-wheel open-topper in 1901 and was rebuilt in 1916 which involved the body being lengthened and placed on two four wheel bogies, which it retains to this day. Transferred to Beamish from Blackpool in 1984 and returned to service in 1988 following restoration. On loan to Blackpool Tramway for the 2016 season.

Media related to Blackpool Corporation Transport No. 31 at Wikimedia Commons

Gateshead and District Tramways Company 51 1900 N/A 32 Awaiting restoration Number 51's remains were transferred to Beamish in 2006 where the eventual plan will be to restore it as a fully enclosed single-decker.
Gateshead and District Tramways Company 52 1901 N/A 32 Awaiting restoration Was originally a single-deck 'California' style tram until the open end compartments were covered over around 1903. Was involved in an accident in 1916 after it rolled down a steep hill with passengers on board. After this it was rebuilt to its present format and was withdrawn in 1951. After over half a century in the custody of the National Tramway Museum, 52 was transferred to Beamish in 2014 where full restoration is planned.
Blackpool tramway 101 1934 Red and white 94 Awaiting overhaul A Balloon double-decker Blackpool tram and originally numbered 703. In 2009 703 was withdrawn from service and placed on loan to Beamish in 2010, where it was painted into Sunderland red and cream and renumbered to 101 in order to resemble a similar tram once operated in Sunderland. Acquired by Beamish in 2014. Withdrawn from service in 2015 in need of a major overhaul.

Media related to Blackpool Tramway Balloon car 703 at Wikimedia Commons Media related to Sunderland Corporation Tramways No. 101 at Wikimedia Commons

Newcastle Corporation Tramways 114 1901 Brown, yellow and white 53 Operational Operated with Newcastle until 1941 when it was sold to Sheffield Corporation in 1941 where it was extensively modified. Arrived at Beamish in 1987 and was subjected to an extensive restoration which was completed in 1996. Received a mid-life overhaul in 2011.

Media related to Newcastle Corporation Tramways No. 114 at Wikimedia Commons

Blackpool tramway 147 1924 Green and cream 78 Operational, on loan from Blackpool tramway An example of the Blackpool Standard tram. Was in service in Blackpool until 1966. The following year it was sent to the Trolleyville Museum in Ohio but it never operated there. In 2000, 147 returned to Blackpool and received an extensive restoration to operational condition, this being completed in 2002. Since then the tram has been a regular and familiar site along Blackpool promenade. 147 is spending 2016 on loan to Beamish, the first time it has been away from Blackpool in 16 years.
Oporto Tramways Company 196 1935 Blue and primrose yellow 28 Operational Ended up being withdrawn from service in Oporto after suffering a collision and moved to Beamish in 1989. It was originally intended to be a source of spares for other trams but its good condition culminated in it being overhauled to working order in 1992. In 2012 it received an overhaul and was repainted from a Beamish crimson and cream livery to a South Shields Corporation Tramways blue and yellow livery.

Media related to Beamish Tramways No. 196 at Wikimedia Commons Media related to South Shields Corporation Tramways No. 196 at Wikimedia Commons

Sheffield Tramway 264 1907 Blue and cream 54 Operational Originally built as an open-balcony car, 264 was converted to a fully enclosed double-decker in 1926. Withdrawn from Sheffield service in 1957 and arrived at Beamish in 1973 where, due to the poor condition of the top deck, operated in open top form until being restored to original open-balcony condition in 1985. 264 was withdrawn from Beamish service in 2003 in need of a major overhaul, which began in late 2013 when the tram was dismantled. The overhaul was completed in April 2016 following over a decade out of service.

Media related to Sheffield Corporation Tramways No. 264 at Wikimedia Commons

Sheffield Tramway 513 1950 Blue and cream 62 Operational, on loan to the East Anglia Transport Museum Operated with Sheffield until 1960 when it took part in the closing procession, along with sister car 510 which is preserved at the National Tramway Museum. Arrived at Beamish in 1976 and entered service in 1983. Was placed on long term loan to Blackpool in 2001 and then went on loan to the East Anglia Transport Museum in 2012 where it currently resides.

Media related to Sheffield Corporation Tramways No. 513 at Wikimedia Commons

Blackpool tramway 621 1937 Blue advertising livery for Hot Ice Show 48 Awaiting restoration Purchased by Beamish in November 2014 and awaits restoration back to original condition.

Media related to Blackpool Tramway Brush Railcoach No. 621 at Wikimedia Commons

Trolleybuses

The museum has collected a couple of trolleybuses.

Motor buses

The replica buses are used on a regular service between the town and colliery village.

Other road vehicles

The museum owns other motor and steam vehicles, more than twenty pedal cycles and several motorcycles. From its extensive collection of horse-drawn vehicles, charabancs are to be seen in public service in the summer.

Agriculture

The museum’s two farms help to preserve traditional northcountry and in some cases rare livestock breeds such as Durham Shorthorn Cattle;[28] Clydesdale and Cleveland Bay working horses; Dales ponies; Teeswater sheep; Saddleback pigs; and poultry.

Regional heritage

Other large exhibits collected by the museum include a tracked steam shovel, and a coal drop from Seaham Harbour.[29]

In 2001 a new-build Regional Resource Centre (accessible to visitors by appointment) opened on the site to provide accommodation for the museum’s core collections of smaller items. These include over 300,000 historic photographs, printed books and ephemera, and oral history recordings. The object collections cover the museum’s specialities. These include quilts;[30] "clippy mats" (rag rugs);[31] Trade union banners;[32][33] floorcloth; advertising (including archives from United Biscuits and Rowntree's); locally made pottery; folk art; and occupational costume. Much of the collection is viewable online[34] and the arts of quilting, rug making and cookery in the local traditions are demonstrated at the museum.

The site has been used as the backdrop for many film and television productions, particularly Catherine Cookson dramas produced by Tyne Tees Television. Some of the children’s television series Supergran was shot here.

Critical reception

The unselective collecting policy created a lasting bond between museum and community[3] and the supporting Friends organisation was established in 1968 before the Beamish site had been occupied.[35] Visitor numbers rose rapidly to around 450,000 p.a. during the first decade of opening to the public, and the museum became Museum of the Year in 1986 and won the European Museum of the Year Award in 1987.[36][37] It was designated by the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council in 1997 as a museum with outstanding collections, and was Living Museum of the Year in 2002.[36]

The museum was winner of the North East England Tourism awards' 'Large Visitor Attraction of the Year' title in 2014 and 2015. The following year it was awarded the bronze prize in the same category at the VisitEngland awards.[8]

In responding to criticism that it trades on nostalgia[38] the museum is unapologetic. A former director has written: "As individuals and communities we have a deep need and desire to understand ourselves in time."[39] It can also demonstrate its benefit to the contemporary local economy.[40] Beamish was influential on the Black Country Living Museum, Blists Hill Victorian Town and, in the view of museologist Kenneth Hudson, more widely in the museum community[41] and is a significant educational resource locally.

Access

The museum is accessible by car from the A1(M) or by bus from Durham or Newcastle and is near Chester-le-Street and Washington, Tyne and Wear. Opening and operating times and details of special events are given on the museum website. Bus services 28 and 28A operate from Newcastle Pilgrim Street and Gateshead Interchange to Beamish Museum.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Beamish official website". Archived from the original on 28 December 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
  2. ↑ Atkinson, Frank (1999). The Man Who Made Beamish: an autobiography. Gateshead: Northern Books. ISBN 0-9535730-0-1.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Allan, Rosemary E. (2003). Beamish, the North of England Open Air Museum: the experience of a lifetime. Jarrold. ISBN 0-7117-2996-4.
  4. ↑ Atkinson, Frank (1985). "The unselective collector". Museums Journal 85: 9–11.
  5. ↑ Allan, Rosemary E. (1991). Beamish, the North of England Open Air Museum: the making of a museum. Beamish. ISBN 0-905054-07-5.
  6. ↑ Lewis, Peter (1991). "Dependence or independence". In Ambrose, Timothy (ed.). Money, Money, Money & Museums. Edinburgh: H.M.S.O. pp. 38–49. ISBN 0-11-494110-6.
  7. ↑ "Gateshead WWII houses resurrected at Beamish Museum". BBC News. 9 May 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  8. 1 2 Gouk, Anne (6 April 2016). "Beamish Museum's £17m expansion plan approved by Durham". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  9. ↑ Atkinson, Frank (1985). "The Town and how it began". Friends of Beamish Museum Magazine 3: 2–7.
  10. ↑ Buxton, Andrew (2004). Cash Carriers in Shops. Princes Risborough: Shire Publications. ISBN 978-0-7478-0615-8.
  11. ↑ "The Cash Railway website". Archived from the original on 17 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
  12. ↑ Echoes of the past for north museum. Sunderland Echo. May 8, 1991. p. 7.
  13. ↑ Thomas, Doreen (1971). "Hardcastle's". Cleveland & Teesside Local History Society Bulletin 14: 27–30.
  14. ↑ "Rowley railway station". subbrit.org.uk. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  15. ↑ The Regional Museums Store for North East England: catalogue of collections (CD-ROM). Beamish: Regional Museums Store.
  16. ↑ Doyle, Aidan (2005). The Great Northern Coalfield: mining collections at Beamish Museum. Newcastle: Northumbria University Press. ISBN 1-904794-11-4.
  17. ↑ Hill, Alan (1985). Single Cylinder Vertical Lever-type Winding Engines as used in the North East of England. Eindhoven: De Archaeologische Pers. ISBN 90-6585-526-2.
  18. ↑ Atkinson, Frank (1978). "The Beamish symbol: a "chaldron" wagon". Beamish: report of the North of England Open Air Museum Joint Committee 1: 32–9.
  19. ↑ Langley, Leigh (1992). Our Chapel. Beamish. ISBN 0-905054-08-3.
  20. 1 2 http://www.beamish.org.uk/coal-fired-fish-and-chip-shop-to-open!/
  21. ↑ Atkinson, Frank (1980). "Beamish North of England Open Air Museum". Yesteryear Transport 3: 76–9.
  22. ↑ Barnes, Alan (November 2012). "Beamish's Commercial enterprise". Vintage Spirit (124): 36–9.
  23. ↑ Satow, F.; Satow, M.G.; Wilson, L.S. (1976). Locomotion — concept to creation: the story of the reproduction 1973-1975. Beamish: Locomotion Trust.
  24. ↑ Rees, Jim (2001). "The strange story of the Steam Elephant". In Guy, Andy & Rees, Jim (ed.). Early Railways. London: Newcomen Society. pp. 145–70. ISBN 0-904685-08-X.
  25. ↑ "Beamish Museum Tramway". Archived from the original on 1 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
  26. ↑ Lewis, Peter (1997). "A transport of delight: the tram operation at Beamish, the North of England Open Air Museum". Friends of Beamish Newsletter 109: 17–24.
  27. ↑ "Fleet Data: Dodge". Retrieved 2008-01-13.
  28. ↑ Atkinson, Frank (1986). "Life in the old breed yet: saving the Durham Shorthorn". Country Life 179: 827, 830.
  29. ↑ Atkinson, Frank (1975). "Preservation of Seaham Harbour coal drop and the history of coal transport in the North East". Transactions of the First International Congress on the Preservation of Industrial Monuments. pp. 155–7.
  30. ↑ Allan, Rosemary E. (2007). Quilts & Coverlets: the Beamish collections. Beamish. ISBN 978-0-905054-11-7.
  31. ↑ Allan, Rosemary E. (2007). From Rags to Riches: North Country Rag Rugs. The Beamish Collections. Beamish. ISBN 978-0-905054-12-4.
  32. ↑ Moyes, William A. (1974). The Banner Book: a study of the banners of the lodges of Durham Miners’ Association. Newcastle: Frank Graham. ISBN 0-85983-085-3.
  33. ↑ Clark, Robert (1985). "Banners for Beamish". Friends of Beamish Museum Magazine 3: 10–14.
  34. ↑ "Beamish Collections Online". Retrieved 2008-01-13.
  35. ↑ "Friends of Beamish Museum". Archived from the original on 22 December 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
  36. 1 2 "Beamish Museum in County Durham has turned 40". BBC News. 2 July 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  37. ↑ Wainwright, Martin (2 January 2015). "Frank Atkinson obituary". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  38. ↑ Bennett, Tony (1988). "Museums and "the people"". In Lumley, Robert (ed.). The Museum Time-Machine: putting cultures on display. London: Routledge. pp. 63–85. ISBN 0-415-00651-1.
  39. ↑ Lewis, Peter (1988). "History, heritage or nostalgia?". Friends of Beamish Museum Magazine 6: 28–31.
  40. ↑ Johnson, Peter; Thomas, Barry (1992). Tourism, Museums and the Local Economy: the economic impact of the North of England Open Air Museum at Beamish. Aldershot: Elgar. ISBN 1-85278-617-5.
  41. ↑ Hudson, Kenneth (1987). Museums of Influence. Cambridge University Press. pp. 126–31. ISBN 0-521-30534-9.

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Coordinates: 54°52′55″N 1°39′30″W / 54.88194°N 1.65833°W / 54.88194; -1.65833

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