Beaver River (Canada)

Beaver River
The Beaver south of Lac La Biche, Alberta
Country	Canada
Provinces	Alberta, Saskatchewan
Part of	Churchill River drainage basin
Source	Beaver Lake
- location	Lac La Biche County, Alberta
- elevation	618 m (2,028 ft)
- coordinates	CA 54°43′40″N 111°54′04″W / 54.72778°N 111.90111°W
Mouth	Lac Île-à-la-Crosse
- location	Division 18, Saskatchewan
- elevation	421 m (1,381 ft)
- coordinates	CA 55°25′51″N 107°45′35″W / 55.43083°N 107.75972°WCoordinates: CA 55°25′51″N 107°45′35″W / 55.43083°N 107.75972°W
Length	491 km (305 mi)
Western Canada rivers
[1][2]

Beaver River is a large river in east-central Alberta and central Saskatchewan, Canada. It flows east through Alberta and Saskatchewan and then turns sharply north to flow into Lac Île-à-la-Crosse on the Churchill River which flows into Hudson Bay. The Alberta part is in the Cold Lake oil sands.

Beaver River has a catchment area of 14,500 square kilometres (5,600 sq mi) in Alberta,^[3] where it drains the lake system in Lac La Biche County. The total length is 491 kilometres (305 mi).^[4] It was first documented on the Turnor map of 1790, and then confirmed on the Harmon map of 1820.^[5]

Basin and course

The Beaver River Basin is part of the Churchill River basin and is east of the Athabasca River basin and north of the North Saskatchewan River basin.

The east-flowing part passes in and out of the forest zone several times and is approximately parallel to Alberta Highway 55 and Saskatchewan Highway 55. Its source, Beaver Lake (Alberta) is just south of Lac la Biche (Alberta) which drains into the Athabasca. It exits Beaver Lake on the west side and flows south until it receives from the west the Amisk River. The outflow of Moose Lake (Alberta) comes in from the south. It enters Saskatchewan just south of Cold Lake (Alberta) and from Cold Lake the Waterhen River (Saskatchewan) runs just north of and parallel to it. In Saskatchewan it receives from the southwest the outflow of Minnistikwan Lake and then the outflow of Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan to the south. At the great bend it receives from the south a river from Green Lake, Saskatchewan.

The north-flowing part flows through thinly populated boreal forest. Saskatchewan Highway 155 follows its west bank. It receives from the east a river draining Cowan Lake (Saskatchewan) and Deleronde Lake, from the west the Waterhen River, from the east Doré River draining Doré Lake. The highway leaves the river at Beauval Forks and near Beauval, Saskatchewan it receives the outflow of Lac la Plonge from the east. It continues northward east of the south arm of the lake and enters Lac Île-à-la-Crosse across the lake from the village of Île-à-la-Crosse.

Tributaries

Alberta: Amisk River (west,large), Sand River (Alberta) (north,large), Mooselake River (south), Manatokan Creek (north), Jackfish Creek (north), Marie Creek (north)

Saskatchewan: Makwa River (southwest) Meadow River (south), {great bend} outlet of Green Lake, Waterhen River (Saskatchewan) (west,large), Doré River (east), outlet of Lac La Plonge (east)

Also: Fork Creek, Columbine Creek, (Muriel Creek, Reita Creek south of Cold Lake(?)), Redspring Creek

Exploration and fur trade

The Beaver River north of Green Lake at the Highway 155 bridge crossing (looking downstream)

The river, or parts of it, is described as poor canoe country. Crews had to drag their canoes over the shallow parts and there was little game. The mouth of the Beaver River is on the main axis of the fur trade. The upper Beaver is about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of the North Saskatchewan. From at least 1795 buffalo pemmican was brought north to feed the voyageurs on their way to the Athabasca Country. One route led south to the great bend of the Beaver, through Green Lake, Saskatchewan, and over an Indian track to Fort Carlton. In 1875–76 this was replaced by a cart road at about the time steamboats appeared on the Saskatchewan. Another route went further up the Beaver to Moose Lake (Alberta) and by some route to Fort George.

The first European to reach the Beaver may have Louis Primeau in 1767. About 1768 William Pink was on the river. He went northwest from the lower Saskatchewan followed the Beaver west and returned to the Saskatchewan near Edmonton. In 1776 Primeau working for Thomas Frobisher built a post on Lac Île-à-la-Crosse. In 1781 Montreal traders built Cold Lake House near Beaver Crossing, Alberta. In perhaps 1782 the Northwest Company built a post on Green Lake. In 1798 David Thompson used the Beaver to reach Lac La Biche. In 1799 the Hudson's Bay Company decided to push west up the Churchill from Frog Portage. In that year they built rival posts on Lac Île-à-la-Crosse and Green Lake. They also built a post above the great bend at Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan, that only lasted two years. There was a great deal of conflict between the two companies until the merger in 1821.

Conservation and development

Beaver River flows through a predominantly flat area with rolling and undulating hills, and many lakes are drained through meandering streams into the river; among the larger ones are: Pinehurst Lake, Cold Lake and Primrose Lake.

Lakeland Provincial Park, Moose Lake Provincial Park and Cold Lake Provincial Park all lie in the river basin on the Alberta side, while the Meadow Lake Provincial Park protects a large area in Saskatchewan.

The Cold Lake Area Weapons Range occupies much of the northern area of the river basin.

Fish species

The fish species include walleye, sauger, yellow perch, northern pike, lake trout, lake whitefish, cisco, white sucker, longnose sucker and burbot.

See also

• List of Alberta rivers
• List of Saskatchewan rivers

References

• Fish Species of Saskatchewan
• Meadow Lake Provincial Park

1. "Natural Resources Canada-Canadian Geographical Names (Beaver River)". Retrieved 2014-10-11.
2. "Atlas of Canada Toporama". Retrieved 2014-10-11.
3. Environment Alberta - River basins
4. Atlas of Canada. "Rivers in Canada". Archived from the original on 4 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
5. Atlas of Alberta Lakes - Beaver Lake