Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase

Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase
Identifiers
EC number	1.14.13.129
CAS number	133425-64-6
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.129, beta-carotene 3,3'-monooxygenase, CrtZ) is an enzyme with systematic name beta-carotene,NADH:oxygen 3-oxidoreductase .^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]} This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

beta-carotene + 2 NADH + 2 H⁺ + 2 O₂ $\rightleftharpoons$ zeaxanthin + 2 NAD⁺ + 2 H₂O (overall reaction)

(1a) beta-carotene + NADH + H⁺ + O₂ $\rightleftharpoons$ beta-cryptoxanthin + NAD⁺ + H₂O

(1b) beta-cryptoxanthin + NADH + H⁺ + O₂ $\rightleftharpoons$ zeaxanthin + NAD⁺ + H₂O

Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase requires ferredoxin and Fe(II).

References

1. Sun, Z., Gantt, E. and Cunningham, F.X., Jr. (1996). "Cloning and functional analysis of the β-carotene hydroxylase of Arabidopsis thaliana". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (40): 24349–24352. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.40.24349. PMID 8798688.
2. Fraser, P.D., Miura, Y. and Misawa, N. (1997). "In vitro characterization of astaxanthin biosynthetic enzymes". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (10): 6128–6135. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.10.6128. PMID 9045623.
3. Fraser, P.D., Shimada, H. and Misawa, N. (1998). "Enzymic confirmation of reactions involved in routes to astaxanthin formation, elucidated using a direct substrate in vitro assay". Eur. J. Biochem. 252 (2): 229–236. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2520229.x. PMID 9523693.
4. Bouvier, F., Keller, Y., d'Harlingue, A. and Camara, B. (1998). "Xanthophyll biosynthesis: molecular and functional characterization of carotenoid hydroxylases from pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.)". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1391 (3): 320–328. doi:10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00029-0. PMID 9555077.
5. Linden, H. (1999). "Carotenoid hydroxylase from Haematococcus pluvialis: cDNA sequence, regulation and functional complementation". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1446 (3): 203–212. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00088-3. PMID 10524195.
6. Zhu, C., Yamamura, S., Nishihara, M., Koiwa, H. and Sandmann, G. (2003). "cDNAs for the synthesis of cyclic carotenoids in petals of Gentiana lutea and their regulation during flower development". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1625 (3): 305–308. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(03)00017-4. PMID 12591618.
7. Choi, S.K., Matsuda, S., Hoshino, T., Peng, X. and Misawa, N. (2006). "Characterization of bacterial β-carotene 3,3′-hydroxylases, CrtZ, and P₄₅₀ in astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway and adonirubin production by gene combination in Escherichia coli". Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 72 (6): 1238–1246. doi:10.1007/s00253-006-0426-2. PMID 16614859.

External links

• Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)