Bhabra

Bhabra or Bhabhra is an ancient merchant community from Punjab region which mainly follows Jainism.^[1][2] Many Bhabra are Muslims.

The Bhabra community has had a close historical association with Jainism. It is believed to be connected with the Bhavadar or Bhavada Gachchha to which the legendary Jain Acharya Kalakacharya belonged to. They may have originated from the Bhabra town (32° 13' 30": 73° 13').^[3] Inscriptions suggest that Bhavada Gachchha had survived until the 17th century.^[4]

Jainism has been present in Punjab since ancient times. This is where Alexander the Great encountered Gymnosophists and Xuanzang met both Digambara and Swetambara monks.^[5]

According to Shatrunjaya Mahatmya of Dhaneshwar Suri, Javad Shah of Taxila had restored Shatrunjaya Tirth and brought an idol of Lord Adinath from Taxila and installed it at Shatrunjaya.

Vaar 8 Pauri 12 of 24 of Vaaran Bhai Gurdas (1550-1620 CE)^[6] says: "kaytarhiaan hee baaneeay kitarhay bhaabharhiaan suniaaray",^[7] there are many traders and many Bhabras are goldsmiths.

In "Romantic Tales from the Punjab" Charles Swynnerton relates a folk tale about several girls. It mentions a girl being a Bhabra, and mentions them being strictly vegetarian.^[8] Their Jain perspective on God's uninvolvement in world affairs is mentioned un ^[9]

In the 17th century, Fray Sebastien Manrique met them in Amritsar district.^[10] Their presence has been noted in the Mughal period,^[11] and in the 19th century^[12]

The original home region of the Bhabras is now in Pakistan. While practically all the Bhabras have left Pakistan region, many cities still have sections named after Bhabras.

• Sialkot:^[13] All the Jains here were Bhabra and mainly lived in Sialkot and Pasrur. The Serai Bhabrian and Bhabrian Wala localities are named after them. There were several Jain temples here before partition of India.
• Pasrur: Pasrur was developed by a Jain zamindar who was granted land by Raja Maan Singh. Baba Dharam Dass belonged to the zamindar family who was murdered on a trading visit.^[14]
• Gujranwala: Two old Jain libraries managed by Lala Karam Chand Bhabra were present here which were visited by Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar^[15]
• Lahore: There were Jain temples at localities still called Thari Bhabrian and Gali Bhabrian.^[16]
• Rawalpindi: Bhabra Bazar is named after them.

In India they have been present at:

• Amritsar: Kucha Bhabrian, Katra Bhabrian
• Hansi: Mohalla bhabran

In modern Delhi, the majority of Jains in Rup Nagar area are from Punjab.^[17]

The famous Bhabra edict from Maurya period found in Rajasthan is unrelated to the Bhabra community.

Famous Bhabras

• Son of Shri Sawan Mai Bhabra, Amritsar, nationalist activities, 1901.^[18]
• Bhawani Shah Bhabra who loaned money to Diwan Amir Chand^[19]

References

1. Final Report of Revised Settlement, Hoshiarpur District, 1879-84 By J. A. L. Montgomery, p. 35
2. Census of India, 1901 By India Census Commissioner, Sir Herbert Hope Risley, p. 137-140
3. Sarupa-Bharati: Or the Homage of Indology, Being the Dr. Lakshman Sarup ...by Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute - Indic studies - 1953 - Page 247
4. इतिहास की अमर बेल ओसवाल, मांगीलाल भूतोड़िया, १९९२
5. Life and Culture in Ancient India: From the Earliest Times to 1000 A.D. By Bhanwarlal Nathuram Luniya, 1978, Pub. Lakshmi Narain Agarwal
6. Vaar 8 Pauri 12 Castes and working classes
7. Vaar 8 Pauri 12 of 24 of Vaaran Bhai Gurdas
8. Romantic Tales from the Punjab, Charles Swynnerton - 1892
9. The Mystics, Ascetics, and Saints of India. A Study of Sadhuism, with an ... by John Campbell Oman, 1903 - Page 149
10. Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique, 1629-1643: A Translation of the ... by Sebastião Manrique, Henry Hosten - Missions - 1927- Page 225
11. The Punjab Under the Mughals by Muhammad Akbar - Punjab (India) - 1948- Page 19
12. Early Nineteenth Century Panjab: From Ganesh Das's Char Bagh-i-Panjab
13. Gazetteer of the Sialkot District, 1920 - Page 51
14. Baba Dharam Dass Tomb in Pasrur
15. The two Jain Libraries at Gujranwala by Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar in A Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of the Deccan College, by Deccan College Library, Franz Kielhorn- 1884 -- Page 12
16. "jainrelicsinpakistan - abafna". Abafna.googlepages.com. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
17. The Mūrtipūjaka Śvetāmbara Community in North Delhi, Akiko Shimizu, Centre of Jaina Studies Newsletter, Issue 3: February 2008
18. Who's who of Indian Martyrs - Page 113
19. Gulabnama of Diwan Kirpa Ram: A History of Maharaja Gulab Singh of Jammu, by Kirpa Ram, Sukh Dev Singh Charak, 1977