Biotin carboxylase

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein, and CO₂, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein.

This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming generic carbon-nitrogen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is biotin-carboxyl-carrier-protein:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming). This enzyme is also called biotin carboxylase (component of acetyl CoA carboxylase). This enzyme participates in fatty acid biosynthesis.

A C-terminal conserved domain within this enzyme contains most of the active site residues.^[1]

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 5 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1BNC, 1DV1, 1DV2, 2GPS, and 2GPW.

References

↑ Waldrop, G. L.; Rayment, I.; Holden, H. M. (1994). "Three-dimensional structure of the biotin carboxylase subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase". Biochemistry 33 (34): 10249–10256. doi:10.1021/bi00200a004. PMID 7915138.

Enzymes: CO CS and CN ligases (EC 6.1-6.3)

6.1: Carbon-Oxygen	Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartate Cysteine D-alanine—poly(phosphoribitol) ligase Glutamate Glutamine Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine

6.2: Carbon-Sulfur	Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase Acetyl—CoA synthetase Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase

6.3: Carbon-Nitrogen	Glutamine synthetase Ubiquitin ligase Cullin Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor UBE3A Mdm2 Anaphase-promoting complex UBR1 Glutathione synthetase CTP synthetase Adenylosuccinate synthase Argininosuccinate synthase Holocarboxylase synthetase GMP synthase Asparagine synthetase Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I II Glutamate–cysteine ligase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases(list) EC2 Transferases(list) EC3 Hydrolases(list) EC4 Lyases(list) EC5 Isomerases(list) EC6 Ligases(list)

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Biotin carboxylase

Structural studies

References

Further reading