Tyrosine—tRNA ligase

This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, to be specific those forming carbon-oxygen bonds in aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-tyrosine:tRNATyr ligase (AMP-forming). This enzyme participates in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and aminoacyl-trna biosynthesis.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 34 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1H3E, 1J1U, 1JH3, 1JII, 1JIJ, 1JIK, 1JIL, 1N3L, 1NTG, 1Q11, 1TYA, 1TYB, 1TYC, 1TYD, 1U7D, 1U7X, 1VBM, 1VBN, 1WQ3, 1WQ4, 1X8X, 1Y42, 1ZH0, 1ZH6, 2AG6, 2CYA, 2CYB, 2CYC, 2DLC, 2HGZ, 2J5B, 2TS1, 3TS1, and 4TS1.

References

ALLEN EH, GLASSMAN E, SCHWEET RS (1960). "Incorporation of amino acids into ribonucleic acid. I. The role of activating enzymes". J. Biol. Chem. 235: 1061–7. PMID 13792726.
Cowles JR, Key JL (1972). "Demonstration of two tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases of pea roots". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 281 (1): 33–44. doi:10.1016/0005-2787(72)90185-2. PMID 4563531.
HOLLEY RW, BRUNNGRABER EF, SAAD F, WILLIAMS HH (1961). "Partial purification of the threonine- and tyrosine-activating enzymes from rat liver, and the effect of patassium ions on the activity of the tyrosine enzyme". J. Biol. Chem. 236: 197–9. PMID 13715350.
Schweet RS and Allen EH (1958). "Purification and properties of tyrosine-activating enzyme of hog pancreas". J. Biol. Chem. 233: 1104–1108. PMID 13598741.
Brick P, Bhat TN, Blow DM (1989). "Structure of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase refined at 2.3 A resolution Interaction of the enzyme with the tyrosyl adenylate intermediate". J. Mol. Biol. 208 (1): 83–98. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(89)90090-9. PMID 2504923.

Enzymes: CO CS and CN ligases (EC 6.1-6.3)

6.1: Carbon-Oxygen	Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartate Cysteine D-alanine—poly(phosphoribitol) ligase Glutamate Glutamine Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine

6.2: Carbon-Sulfur	Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase Acetyl—CoA synthetase Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase

6.3: Carbon-Nitrogen	Glutamine synthetase Ubiquitin ligase Cullin Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor UBE3A Mdm2 Anaphase-promoting complex UBR1 Glutathione synthetase CTP synthetase Adenylosuccinate synthase Argininosuccinate synthase Holocarboxylase synthetase GMP synthase Asparagine synthetase Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I II Glutamate–cysteine ligase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases(list) EC2 Transferases(list) EC3 Hydrolases(list) EC4 Lyases(list) EC5 Isomerases(list) EC6 Ligases(list)

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