Body-focused repetitive behavior

Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior (BFRB) is an umbrella name for impulse control[1] behaviors involving compulsively damaging one's physical appearance or causing physical injury.[2]

The main BFRB disorders are:[3]

BFRB disorders can also include Rhinotillexomania (compulsive nose picking).[2] BFRB disorders are not generally considered obsessive-compulsive disorders.[3]

Causes

Dermatillomania of the knuckles (via mouth) illustrating disfiguration of the distal and proximal joints of the middle and little fingers.

The cause of BFRBs is unknown. Emotional variables may have a differential impact on the expression of BFRBs.[4] Researchers are investigating a possible genetic component.[1][5]

Onset

BFRBs most often begin in late childhood or in the early teens.[2]

Prevalence

BFRBs are among the most poorly understood, misdiagnosed, and undertreated groups of disorders.[6] BFRBs may affect at least 1 out of 20 people.[2] Trichotillomania alone is believed to affect 10 million people in the United States.[7]

Treatment

Treatment can include behavior modification therapy, medication, and family therapy.[1][2] The evidence base criteria for BFRBDs is strict and methodical. [8] Individual behavioral therapy has been shown as an “probably effective” evidence-based therapy to help with thumb sucking, and possibly nail biting. [8] Cognitive behavioral therapy was cited as experimental evidence based therapy to treat trichotillomania and nail biting. [8] Another form of treatment that focuses on mindfulness, stimuli and rewards has proven effective in some people. However, no treatment was deemed well-established to treat any form of BFRBDs. [8]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Scientific Advances in Trichotillomania and Related Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors, November 4, 2004, National Institute of Mental Health
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 AAMFT Consumer Update - Hair Pulling, Skin Picking and Biting: Body-Focused Repetitive Disorders, American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy
  3. 1 2 Trichotillomania (TTM) & Related Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRBs), The Center for Emotional Health of Greater Philadelphia
  4. ↑ Teng; et al. (2004), "Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors: The Proximal and Distal Effects of Affective Variables on Behavioral Expression", Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
  5. ↑ ABC News 20/20 Hair Pulling, 2006
  6. ↑ Families & Health, American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy
  7. ↑ Diefenbach, G.J., Reitman, D. & Williamson, D.A., (2000). "Trichotillomania: A challenge to research and practice". Clinical Psychology Review 20 (20): 289–309. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00083-X. PMID 10779896.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Woods, Douglas W.; Houghton, David C. (13 July 2015). "Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Pediatric Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Disorders". Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology: 1–14. doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1055860.


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