Booby

Booby
Blue-footed booby displaying by raising a foot
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Suliformes
Family:	Sulidae
Genus:	Sula Brisson, 1760
Species
Sula dactylatra – masked booby Sula granti – Nazca booby Sula leucogaster – brown booby Sula nebouxii – blue-footed booby Sula sula – red-footed booby Sula variegata – Peruvian booby For fossil species, see text.

A booby is a seabird in the genus Sula, part of the Sulidae family. Boobies are closely related to the gannets (Morus), which were formerly included in Sula.

Description

Boobies hunt fish by diving from a height into the sea and pursuing their prey underwater. Facial air sacs under their skin cushion the impact with the water. Boobies are colonial breeders on islands and coasts. They normally lay one or more chalky-blue eggs on the ground or sometimes in a tree nest.

Name

Their name was possibly based on the Spanish slang term bobo, meaning "stupid",^[1][2] as these tame birds had a habit of landing on board sailing ships, where they were easily captured and eaten. Owing to this, boobies are often mentioned as having been caught and eaten by shipwrecked sailors, notably William Bligh of the Bounty and his adherents during their famous voyage after being set adrift by Fletcher Christian and his followers.

Systematics and evolution

Red-footed booby and Nazca booby

Red-footed booby (Sula sula)

Six of the ten extant Sulidae species called boobies are in the genus Sula, while the three gannet species are usually placed in the genus Morus.^[3] Abbott's booby was formerly included in Sula but is now placed in a monotypic genus Papasula, which represents an ancient lineage perhaps closer to Morus.

Some authorities consider that all ten species should be considered congeneric in Sula. However, they are readily told apart, by means of osteology. The distinct lineages of gannets and boobies are known to have existed in such form, since at least the Middle Miocene, c.15 mya.^[4]

The fossil records of boobies are not as well documented as those of the gannets; possibly because the species of boobies were less numerous in the late Miocene to Pliocene, when gannets had their highest diversity or because of the more tropical distribution of boobies, many fossil species have simply not been found yet, as most localities are in continental North America or Europe.

Notes and references

1. Blue-Footed Booby Sula nebouxii, National Geographic, retrieved 4 July 2012
2. Booby, etymonline.com, retrieved 4 July 2012
3. Friesen, V. L.; Anderson, D. J.; Steeves, T. E.; Jones, H.; Schreiber, E. A. (July 2002). "Molecular Support for Species Status of the Nazca Booby". The Auk (Kingston, Ontario: Department of Biology, Queen's University) 119 (3): 820–826. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0820:MSFSSO]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2008-11-13.
4. Olson, Storrs L. (1985). Section X.G.5.a. Sulidae. In: The Fossil Record of Birds. Avian Biology 8: 203-204. PDF fulltext

External links

• Videos of several Booby species on The Internet Bird Collection