Briggs & Stratton

Briggs and Stratton

The Power Within
Type	Public
Traded as	NYSE: BGG
Founded	1908
Headquarters	Wauwatosa, Wisconsin[1] United States
Key people	Todd J. Teske (CEO) Dave Rodgers (CFO) Thomas R. Savage (Sr. VP of Admin) William H. Reitman (Sr. VP of Sales & Customer Support)
Revenue	US$1.85B (FY 2014)[2]
Operating income	US$46M (FY 2014)[3]
Net income	US$28M (FY 2014)[3]
Total assets	US$1,450B (FY 2014)[3]
Total equity	US$651M (FY 2010)
Number of employees	6,847
Website	briggsandstratton.com

Briggs & Stratton is an American industrial company primarily involved in engineering, developing and manufacturing internal combustion reciprocating gas engines. It is the world's largest manufacturer of air-cooled gasoline engines primarily for outdoor power equipment. Production averages 10 million engines per year as of April 2015.^[4][5]

History

Launched in 1908 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the company is based today in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin.^[1] Briggs & Stratton engines are commonly used on lawnmowers, as well as pressure washers, electrical generators, and a wide variety of other applications. Their original cast-iron engines were known for their durability, but the company's success was established following the development of lightweight aluminum engines in 1953. The aluminum engine was the perfect solution for the recently invented rotary lawnmower due to its lighter weight and lower cost.

The company started in 1908 as an informal partnership between Stephen Foster Briggs and Harold M. Stratton. S.F. Briggs was born in Watertown, South Dakota, and graduated from South Dakota State College (now South Dakota State University) in Brookings in 1907. The idea for his first product came from an upper-level engineering class project at SDSC. This first product was a six-cylinder, two-cycle engine, which Stephen Foster Briggs developed during his engineering courses at South Dakota State. After his graduation, he was eager to produce his engine and enter the rapidly expanding automobile industry. Bill Juneau, a coach at South Dakota State, knew of Briggs' ambition and the entrepreneurial interests of Harold M. Stratton, a successful grain merchant who had a farm next to Juneau's farm, so he introduced the two. In 1922, their fledgling company set a record in the automotive industry, selling the Briggs & Stratton Flyer (the "Red Bud") at record low prices of US$125-$150.

Eventually Briggs and Stratton settled on manufacturing automotive components and small gasoline engines. Briggs purchased an engine patent from A.O. Smith Company and began powering early washing machines and reel mowers as well as many other types of equipment. The company went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 1928.

During World War II, Briggs & Stratton produced generators for the war effort. Some pre-war engines were made with aluminum, which helped the company develop its expertise in using this material. This development, along with the post-war growth of 1950s suburbs (and lawns), helped secure Briggs & Stratton's successful growth throughout the 1950s and 1960s.

Stephen Briggs went on to purchase Evinrude and Johnson Outboards and start the Outboard Marine Corporation. Frederick P. Stratton, Sr. (the son of Harold Stratton) served as Chairman of Briggs & Stratton until his death in 1962. Frederick P. Stratton, Jr. served as Chairman until his retirement in 2001.

In 1995, Briggs & Stratton sold the automotive component business. The resulting company is Strattec Security Corporation.

In 2000,^[6] the company acquired its consumer generator business from the Beacon Group and formed Briggs & Stratton Power Products. The Beacon Group had previously purchased the Consumer Products Division of Generac Corporation (now Generac Power Systems) in 1998. In 2005, the company added Simplicity Manufacturing Inc, and Snapper, Inc, to the Briggs & Stratton Power Products line. Murray, Inc, one of its largest customers, collapsed owing the company $40 million, and to minimize the loss Briggs & Stratton purchased the name, marketing rights and product designs of that company. In 2008, Briggs & Stratton announced it would be acquiring the Victa Lawn Care business from GUD Holdings Limited Australia for A$23 million.

Acquisitions, agreements and joint ventures

• Farymann Diesel GmbH (1979–1984) – Based in Lampertheim (near Mannheim) in Germany, this was the first foreign acquisition Briggs & Stratton had ever made and was a poor fit with the company's acknowledged expertise in high volume, low cost production. They officially completed the acquisition on May 29, 1979.^[7] Despite investing in new production methods, Briggs & Stratton never understood the very low volume, highly customized nature of the air-cooled diesel engine market. After considering adding Italy's Lombardini to increase its presence in the diesel market, as well as a failed attempt to develop its own designs, Briggs & Stratton accepted defeat and sold the company to a private investor for a minimal amount to avoid further liabilities. Since the energy crisis had not affected the US market's preference for gasoline engines, enthusiasm waned rapidly at management level for diesel engines.^[8]
• Daihatsu Briggs & Stratton (DBS) – In an effort to stave off Japanese competition during the 1980s, Briggs & Stratton entered a 50/50 joint venture with the Daihatsu Motor Company in Japan. Located in Shiga Prefecture (50 miles (80 km) from Osaka, Japan), construction on the then-57,000-square-foot (5,300 m²) plant began in December 1986 and was completed in April 1987. This joint venture was notable for the manufacture of vertical and horizontal crankshaft engines from 12.5 to 22 hp (16 kW) under the Vanguard brand. Today the plant employs roughly 100 people on two shifts and manufactures Vanguard V-twin engines ranging from 14 to 36 hp (27 kW).^[9]
• The Mitsubishi Agreement – The Vanguard line initially consisted of three single-cylinder engines and several V-twin engines. The V-twins, made by DBS, had sold very well but the single-cylinder engine models, originally produced at Briggs & Stratton's Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin plant, didn't fare so well. Briggs & Stratton needed to solve this problem, so, following discussions with several Japanese engine manufacturers, it entered into an agreement with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan. Briggs & Stratton produced only certain parts for the engines, while Mitsubishi was responsible for overall production and shipping. The completed single-cylinder Vanguard engines were shipped directly to customers worldwide. Briggs & Stratton had exclusive marketing rights only in North America, Europe and Australia/New Zealand. MHI had exclusive marketing rights (under their own brand name) in Malaysia, Taiwan, South Korea and Japan. In other countries both companies competed with the same product under their own brand names which led to considerable friction, and together with escalating production costs in Japan, caused this otherwise successful relationship to fail. Briggs & Stratton commenced marketing alternative U.S.-made single-cylinder engines under the Vanguard brand in early 2007.^[10]
• The Komatsu Zenoah Venture – In May 1987, Briggs & Stratton entered into an agreement with yet another Japanese company, executing a 10-year contract with the Komatsu Zenoah Company of Tachikawa, Japan. Under the terms of the contract, Komatsu would manufacture a 2-cycle, 4 hp (3 kW) engine, in which Briggs & Stratton would purchase and distribute in the United States, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Said Fred Stratton, "This venture was not successful, because the rising price of the yen made the engine too expensive in the U.S."^[11]
• The Toro Agreement – In 1999, Briggs & Stratton made a license agreement with The Toro Company of Bloomington, Minnesota USA. to produce the Toro R*Tek piston ported version of their E series 2-stroke engine (AKA Lawn-Boy DuraForce) for use in Toro Snow Throwers. The R*TEK engine was a 141cc 2 cycle that produced from 4 hp to 6.5 hp with only the need to adjust the RPMs ranging from 3700 rpms to 4000 rpms and ran using a gas & oil mix of 50:1. A High Out put 7-HP model was made (Engine Model# 84330) for the use in heavier duty snow throwers such as the single stage Snow Commander (2001-2008) & 2 stage Power Max 726TE/6000 (2004-2008), the extra .5 horse power was obtained using Transfer Ports in the piston & cylinder wall and ran at the same operating speed as the 6.5 hp engines (4000rpms). Production stopped in 2011.

Innovations

• The aluminum engine – This was introduced in 1953 as a means of having a lighter-weight engine for applications such as rotary lawn mowers. It was improved five years later in 1958 with the introduction of the Kool-Bore (all aluminum) and Sleeve-Bore (aluminum, with a cast iron cylinder liner).
• Easy-Spin Starting – This compression release, implemented as an extra hump on the intake lobe of the camshaft, was introduced in 1961 to reduce the effort required to start an engine.^[12] In 1982, a new U.S. federal safety regulation required lawnmower blades to stop spinning within three seconds of the operator letting go of the handle. The least costly, most common way of complying with the new regulation was to put a flywheel brake on the mower engine, to stop the engine (and therefore the blade) immediately when the handle was released. Briggs & Stratton engineers found engines with the Easy-Spin camshaft were unacceptably difficult to restart after being braked to a quick stop. The Easy-Spin lobe hump was moved to the exhaust valve, but this reduced engine performance. The intake-side Easy-Spin remained in use on Briggs & Stratton's engines larger than those used on mowers subject to the brake requirement, but was discontinued in 1997 due to tightening emission regulations.^[13]
• The Synchro-Balanced Engine – This 1966 innovation was designed to attenuate vibration caused by the reciprocating mass of a single-cylinder engine. The design was a series of counterweights opposing the crankpin.^[14]
• The Twin Cylinder Engine – This engine was introduced in 1977 as a means of competing with Briggs & Stratton's rivals, particularly Japanese firms like Honda who were cutting into traditional Briggs & Stratton markets by producing lawn mower engines (and later, complete lawn mowers). These first models were rated 16 hp (11.9 kW) and displaced 40 cubic inches (656 cc), but were joined in 1979 by 42 cubic inch (694 cc) models rated at 18 hp (13.4 kW). The original price for the 16 hp (12 kW) version was $70 lower (at US$228) than their single-cylinder cast-iron version bearing the same power rating.^[15]
• Industrial/Commercial (I/C) – This series of engines, initially ranging from 3 to 18 hp (13 kW), was introduced in 1979 as Briggs & Stratton's answer to high quality commercial-duty engines produced by competitors. These engines include heavy-duty features such as Stellite exhaust valves, upgraded bearings, cast iron sleeved cylinder bores and high-capacity air cleaners.^[16]
• Briggs & Stratton HYBRID – In 1980, at the tail end of the energy crisis, Briggs & Stratton developed the first gasoline-electric hybrid automobile. "The Hybrid" was designed by Brooks Stevens and powered by a twin-cylinder 16 hp (11.9 kW) Briggs & Stratton engine and a large electric battery.
• Magnetron Ignition – This solid state ignition system introduced by Briggs & Stratton in 1982^[17] eliminated the points and condenser system, the performance of which steadily degraded between required periodic maintenance service. Magnetron was made available for retrofitment to Briggs & Stratton engines made since 1963. Competitor Tecumseh had made a capacitor discharge ignition setup since 1968 for their cast iron engine models, expanding its availability and making it standard equipment on vertical shaft engines powering lawn mowers in late 1976, five years before the advent of the Briggs Magnetron. Defunct competitor Clinton Engines commercialized a piezo "Spark Pump" ignition without breaker points in the early 1960s.^[18]

Logo history

The Briggs & Stratton logo was always a masthead, but it has been changed several times over the course of the company's 80-plus years.

• Pre War logos (1931–1943) – This logo started off with a diamond shape and read Briggs & Stratton and its home city of MILWAUKEE, WIS., U.S.A. below it; in the middle, it had the words 4 CYCLE on the top mast and the words GASOLINE MOTOR and phrase MADE IN U.S.A. on the bottom mast. About 1934 Briggs & Stratton added the more familiar shape of a diamond split across the center with a banner.
• Gold Logo (1948–1963) – This logo had the name BRIGGS STRATTON and its home city of MILWAUKEE, WIS., U.S.A. below it; in the middle, it had the words 4 CYCLE on the top mast and the words GASOLINE ENGINE and phrase MADE IN U.S.A. on the bottom mast.
• Gold Logo (II) (1963–1976) – Although similar to the last logo, this had differently arranged wording: The name BRIGGS STRATTON was written in a new logotype, however, this design also included the horsepower rating above the gold logo in the white field, its city of location were in the middle as before, only this time the patent numbers were eliminated (if you look at a decal on a production engine) from the bottom portion of the mast. There were some engines produced until 1977 that used the prior logo from 1948.
• The Red, White and Black Logo (1976–present) – This is the company's current logo. The logo has the name BRIGGS STRATTON in black letters on the white midsection of the masthead. The words 4 CYCLE ENGINE are on the red top portion of the mast and the city line MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, U.S.A. is written on the black bottom portion of the mast. Although the logo hadn't been changed much since then, the wording on the top and bottom sections of the mast were removed in 1985, although the company continued to use these two sections with the respective wordings ORIGINAL (red section) and SERVICE PARTS (black section) until 1989.

Models

Cast iron models

• 5 (cast iron) (1950–1957)
• 5S (cast iron; suction carburetor) (1949–1957) http://sites.google.com/site/briggsmodel5sengine/
• 6 (cast iron) (1952–1957)
• 6S (cast iron; suction carburetor) (1949–1957) http://sites.google.com/site/briggsmodel6sengine/
• 8 (cast iron) (1949–1957) http://sites.google.com/site/briggsnosmodel8/
• 9 (cast iron) (1949–1962)
• 14 (cast iron) (1948–1963)
• 19 (cast iron) (1957–1965)
• 19D (cast iron) (1963–1965)
• 23 (cast iron) (1949–1957)
• 23A (cast iron) (1956–1965)
• 23C (cast iron) (1961–1963)
• 23D (cast iron) (1963–1965)
• 191400 and 193400 (cast iron) (1965–1966)
• 200400 (cast iron) (1966–1974)
• 231400 (cast iron) (1965–1966)
• 233400 (cast iron) (1965–1991)
• 243400 (cast iron) (1965–1991)
• 300420 (cast iron) (1966–1971)
• 301430 (cast iron) (1971–1972)
• 302430 (cast iron) (1972–1977)
• 320420 (cast iron) (1969–1971)
• 325430 (cast iron) (1971–1972)
• 326430 (cast iron) (1972–1991)

Letter series

Cast iron block, flathead, with Gravity feed float carb unless otherwise noted

• A (1933–1948) http://sites.google.com/site/briggs1936modela/
• B (1934-1948)
• F (suction carb overhead valve) 1921-1922
• FB (suction carb overhead valve) 1922-1925
• FC (suction carb overhead valve) 1924-1925
• FE (suction carb overhead valve) 1925 only
• FG (overhead valve) 1927 only
• FH (suction carb; overhead valve)(1925–1933) http://sites.google.com/site/briggsfh/home
• FHI (float carb overhead valve) 1929 only
• FI (overhead valve) (1927–1933)
• FJ-1 (aluminum parts) 1929-1937 used exclusively on military generators
• FJ-2 cast iron non-military version of FJ-1
• H 1933-1940
• I 1938–1949 https://sites.google.com/site/1944briggsandstrattonpe77d/
• K 1933-1940
• L (suction carb) 1930-1933
• M 1930-1933
• N (1940–1954)
• P later PB (flathead exhaust overhead intake) 1920-1923(P) 1924-1935(PB)
• Q 1925-1933 first flathead model
• R 1929-1933
• S 1930-1933 suction carb
• T 1930-1933
• U 1940-1945 suction carb
• WA 1930-1932
• WI (cast iron; suction carb) (1938–1957) http://sites.google.com/site/briggswiengine/home
• WM (cast iron; suction carb) (1936–1941) (WM, standing for Washing Machine) http://sites.google.com/site/briggswmengine/
• Y (cast iron) (1931–1940) http://sites.google.com/site/antiquebriggsandstratton/
• Z and ZZ 1931-1948

Many variations and submodels were available on the basic series mentioned above. Some variations include - gear reducers (gears bolted to the back of the engine to slow the speed of the pto shaft) first offered in 1934, on the models A B K and Z later on I U N and WI. Designated by an "R" after the basic model, then a 2, 4, or 6 to designate the reduction ratio. - high speed models (higher intake capacity to run higher rpm) available on the A B K M R and Z series. designated with an "H" after the basic model. - light weight models (some aluminum parts to save weight) available on the A B I K R and Z series. Designated with an "L" after the basic model -inboard marine engines (special base, no governor, thrust bearing on pto side) available on models A B H I K N and Z. Designated with an "M" after the basic model. Some models also had forward neutral and reverse transmissions. These engines have an "T" or "G" after the "M"

Aluminum models

• 6B (horizontal shaft) (1955–1958)
• 6BH (vertical shaft) (1953–1958)
• 6BHS (vertical shaft; suction carburetor) (1953–1958)
• 6BS (horizontal shaft; suction carburetor) (1955–1958)
• 8B (horizontal shaft) (1955–1958)
• 8BH (vertical shaft) (1953–1958)
• 60100 (horizontal shaft) (1958–1991)
• 80100 (horizontal shaft) (1958–1977)
• 80200 (horizontal shaft) (1960–1991) (horizontal shaft) and 190700 (vertical shaft) (1969–1997)
• 90000
• 100000
• 110000
• 120000
• 130000
• 140000 (horizontal shaft) (1958–1966)
• 170000
• 252410 (horizontal shaft) and 252700 (vertical shaft) (1977–1991)
• 280000
• 310000 OHV
• 400000 Twin Cylinder
• 420000 Twin Cylinder
• 460000 Twin Cylinder

Industrial/commercial models

• 81300 and 81400 (horizontal shaft) (1979–1985)
• 82200 (horizontal shaft; Quiet Power) (1982–1994)
• 82300 and 82400 (horizontal shaft; Quiet Power) (1982–1994)
• 114900 (vertical shaft; Quiet Power) (1982–1991)
• 131200 (horizontal shaft) (1979–1985)
• 132200 (horizontal shaft; Quiet Power) (1982–1994)
• 131900 (vertical shaft) (1979–1989)
• 132900 (vertical shaft; Quiet Power) (1982–1995)
• 192700 and 193700 (vertical shaft) (1983–1994)
• 195400 (horizontal shaft) (1979–1994)
• 221400 (horizontal shaft) (1979–1985)
• 255400 (vertical shaft) (1984–1994)
• Briggs & Stratton/I/C 283H07-0399-E1 (050923AZ) (16-hp) (vertical shaft)

Outboard motors

Briggs & Stratton/I/tC 130g32-0059-h1

Karting engines

• World Formula 12 HP OHV
• Animal 6.5 HP OHV
• Raptor 5 HP flathead

2 cycle engines

• 084300 (Horizontal shaft) (1999-2011) Made under license for Toro as the R*TEK 141cc E Series Snow Thrower engine

See also

• Eshelman
• John I. Beggs – former Chairman

Headquarters, manufacturing plants and testing facilities

Briggs & Stratton builds over 9,000,000 engines in the USA each year. The company employs over 3,000 employees in six states. Milwaukee, WI, is home to the company's headquarters and R&D center. Manufacturing plants are located in Poplar Bluff, MO; Murray, KY; Auburn, AL; Statesboro, GA; McDonough, GA; and Munnsville, NY. The company also has a proving grounds and testing facility located in Fort Pierce, FL.^[19]

References

1. Jeff Engel (October 29, 2012), "Hurricane Sandy puts Wisconsin generator makers into overdrive", Milwaukee Business Journal, bizjournals.com, retrieved October 30, 2012
2. "Briggs & Stratton, 2014 Annual report". nyse.com.
3. "NYSE". nyse.com. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
4. "Briggs & Stratton Engines - Small Engine & Lawn Mower Parts". briggsandstratton.com. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
5. "Statistical Analysis: Major Small Engine Manufacturers". Pressurewashr.com. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
6. "Our History". basco.com. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
7. Briggs & Stratton 1980 Update Seminar, form #MS-7865-10/79
8. The Legend of Briggs & Stratton by Jeffrey L. Rodengen, Chapter 12, pages 138-140
9. The Legend of Briggs & Stratton by Jeffrey L. Rodengen, 1995, Chapter 12, page 149
10. The Legend of Briggs & Stratton by Jeffrey L. Rodengen, 1995, Chapter 12, pages 149-152
11. The Legend of Briggs & Stratton by Jeffrey L. Rodengen, 1995, Chapter 12, pages 153-154
12. The Legend of Briggs & Stratton by Jeffrey L. Rodengen, Chapter 11, pages 120-121
13. The Legend of Briggs & Stratton by Jeffrey L. Rodengen, Chapter 11, page 121
14. The Legend of Briggs & Stratton by Jeffrey L. Rodengen, Chapter 11, pages 121-122
15. The Legend of Briggs & Stratton by Jeffrey L. Rodengen, Chapter 11, page 127
16. The Legend of Briggs & Stratton by Jeffrey L. Rodengen, Chapter 12, pages 140-141
17. The Legend of Briggs & Stratton by Jeffrey L. Rodengen, Chapter 12, pages 141-142
18. "No coil, no points, no condenser: Spark Pump Fires Engine": Popular Science, July 1961
19. "American Engine Company in USA - Briggs & Stratton Small Engines". briggsandstratton.com. Retrieved 12 June 2015.

Further reading

• The Legend of Briggs & Stratton – Author: Jeffrey L. Rodengen (published by Write Stuff Syndicate, 1995)

Library of Congress Catalog #: 95-060793; ISBN 0-945903-11-1

External links

• Official website
• Briggs & Stratton SEC Filings