Brisbane Water

Brisbane Water
wave dominated, barrier estuary[1]
Named for: Sir Thomas Brisbane[2]
Country	Australia
State	New South Weles
Municipality	Sydney
Tributaries
- left	Erina Creek, Kincumber Creek
- right	Woy Woy Creek, Ettalong Creek
Primary source	Narara Creek
- location	Gosford
- coordinates	AU 33°26′00″S 151°19′39″E / 33.43333°S 151.32750°E
Secondary source	Coorumbine Creek
- location	East Gosford
Mouth	Broken Bay
- location	Wagstaffe Point – Ettalong Beach
- coordinates	AU 33°31′25″S 151°20′5″E / 33.52361°S 151.33472°ECoordinates: AU 33°31′25″S 151°20′5″E / 33.52361°S 151.33472°E
Length	17.72 km (11 mi)
Width	3.74 km (2 mi)
Depth	3.1 m (10 ft)
Volume	84,198.7 m^3 (2,973,449 cu ft)
Basin	165 km^2 (64 sq mi)
Website: NSW Environment and Heritage webpage

Brisbane Water is a wave-dominated barrier estuary^[1] located in the Central Coast region, to the north of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Brisbane Water has its origin at the confluence of the Narara and Coorumbine Creeks, to the south–east of Gosford and travels for approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) in a southerly direction to its mouth at Broken Bay, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the Tasman Sea, at Barrenjoey Head. A number of towns surround the shores of Brisbane Water, including Booker Bay, Davistown, Ettalong Beach, Gosford, Green Point, Kincumber, Phegans Bay, Saratoga, Wagstaffe, and Woy Woy. Contained within Brisbane Water is St Huberts Island, Rileys Island, and Pelican Island; and adjoining the estuary is Brisbane Water National Park to the west and Bouddi National Park to the east.

The total catchment area of the river is approximately 165 square kilometres (64 sq mi).

The land adjacent to the Brisbane Water was occupied for many thousands of years by the Darkinjung and Kuringai Aboriginal peoples, who used the estuary and foreshore areas for cultural purposes.^[3]

Brisbane Water was named in 1825 in honour of Sir Thomas Brisbane, a Governor of New South Wales, serving between 1820 and 1825.^[2]

History

Brisbane Water is part of the traditional lands of the Darkinjung and Kuringgai aboriginal peoples. Places of significance to Aboriginal people located in the area surrounding Brisbane Water that are listed on the Register of the National Estate include Daleys Point area and Staples Lookout, west of Woy Woy.^[3] Initial colonial explorers of the area were assisted by Bungaree, a leader of the Kuringgai tribe who went on to assist Phillip Parker King and Matthew Flinders in the circumnavigation of Australia.^[4]

Twentieth century European settlement led to the development of an extensive local ferry network, including one supplying an otherwise isolated orphanage, a commuter service from Gosford to Woy Woy and a third operation dedicated to carrying farm produce. The last commuter ferries between Brisbane Water townships ceased in 1971.^[5]

Environment

The Brisbane Water estuary and foreshores have particularly high scenic value and include areas of pristine vegetation and extensive views of the water from a number of locations. Beaches, inlets and bays can be distinguished in the foreground with inherent juxtaposition of bushland-covered hills in the distance. Access to existing key vantage points allows for the public to experience the landscape character of the Brisbane Water estuary and its surrounds.^[3]

With the approximate average bed level at 5 metres (16 ft) and often as low as 3 metres (9.8 ft), Brisbane Water is considered mostly shallow, with a tidal impact of ±0.4 metres (1 ft 4 in).^[6] The inlet narrows at a point known as The Rip, located adjacent to Ettalong Beach. The Rip has a rapid tidal current.

The oyster industry is an important part of the local economy. In terms of Sydney rock oyster production, in 2007/2008 a total of ~250,000 dozens of oysters were produced in the Brisbane Water estuary, with a total value of A$1.3 million representing approximately 3.6% of the NSW industry total for 2007/2008.^[7]

During 2009, over 110 bird species were recorded within the estuary; with sixty vulnerable and fourteen endangered animal species, and sixteen vulnerable and eight endangered plant species.^[6] Some 2,277 hectares (5,630 acres) of Brisbane Water is classified by BirdLife International as an important bird area because it has an isolated population of up to ten breeding pairs of bush stone-curlews and sometimes supports flocks of the endangered regent honeyeater and swift parrot during autumn and winter, when the swamp mahogany trees are in flower.^[8]

References

1. Roy, P. S; Williams, R. J; Jones, A. R; Yassini, I; et al. (2001). "Structure and Function of South-east Australian Estuaries". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 53: 351–384. doi:10.1006/ecss.2001.0796.
2. "Brisbane Water". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
3. Cardno LawsonTrelor; University of Newcastle (24 November 2009). "Brisbane Water Estuary Management Study – Draft" (PDF). Gosford City Council and Department of Environment and Climate Change. p. 43. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
4. Heiss, Anita; McCormack, Terri (2002). "Significant Aboriginal People in Sydney". Barani. Sydney City Council. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
5. Andrews, Graeme (1982). A History of Ferries: Sydney and Surrounding Waters. AH & AW Reed Pty Ltd. p. 58. ISBN 0-589-50386-3.
6. Cardno LawsonTrelor; University of Newcastle (24 November 2009). "Brisbane Water Estuary Management Study – Draft" (PDF). Gosford City Council and Department of Environment and Climate Change. p. 2. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
7. Wiseman, S (2009). "Aquaculture Production Report 2007-2008". NSW Department of Primary Inudustries: 21.
8. "IBA: Brisbane Water". Birdata. Birds Australia. Retrieved 6 June 2011.

External links

• Cardno LawsonTrelor (6 March 2008). "Brisbane Water Estuary Process Study Report" (PDF). Gosford City Council and Department of Environment and Climate Change.
• Cardno LawsonTrelor; University of Newcastle (24 November 2009). "Brisbane Water Estuary Management Study – Draft" (PDF). Gosford City Council and Department of Environment and Climate Change.