Baptist Mills, Bristol

Baptist Mills an area of the city of Bristol, England. The name derives from the former mills which stood in that area.

Geology

The solid geology of Baptist Mills comprises Triassic Redcliffe Sandstone, which is overlain by superficial deposits of Quaternary alluvium in the floodplain of the Horfield Brook and the River Frome.^[1]

History

Baptist Mills is so named from the mills that once stood there. A grist (flour) mill is recorded in this area in a document written in 1470, and again in 1610, when they are marked on Chester and Master's Map of Kingswood.^[2]

The mills were converted to brass mills by the Bristol Brass Company, formed in 1702 by Abraham Darby, Edward lloyd, John Andrews, and Arthur Thomas. In 1706, further partners were admitted, the business becoming an early unincorporated joint stock company with a capital of £8000. While there, Darby recruited skilled 'Dutchmen' to operate a brass battery with trip hammers. He may also have recruited men skilled in sand moulding as opposed to the loam moulding hitherto used in England. Darby was the active partner in the business, but later withdrew to concentrate on his new ironfounding business at Coalbrookdale.^[3]

Brass production at the Baptist Mills Brass Works ceased in 1814, and in 1839 parts of the former brass works were acquired Joseph and James White, who established a factory manufacturing "Egyptian Black" pottery,^[4] Rockingham teapots and clay tobacco pipes. By 1861 the business was known as the Phoenix Pottery. The pottery closed at some point after 1891.^[5]

The last remains of the brass works were destroyed when Junction 3 of the M32 Motorway was constructed in the early 1970s. However, slag blocks made from waste from the works can be found in the area.^[6]

References

1. "Geology of Britain Viewer". British Geological Survey. Enter Baptist Mills in the Go to Location field.
2. Langton, John. "Chester and Master's 1610 Map of Kingswood". Forests and Chases of England and Wales c. 1000 to c. 1850. Oxford: St John's College Research Centre.
3. Cox, Nancy (1990). "Imagination and innovation of an industrial pioneer: The first Abraham Darby". Industrial Archaeology Review 12 (2): 127–144 at 128–9. doi:10.1179/iar.1990.12.2.127.
4. McNeill, Jim. "J. and J. White's, Baptist Mills Pottery, Bristol – 1840 to 1891". Living Easton. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
5. Henrywood, R. K. (1992). Bristol Potters 1775–1906". Bristol: Redcliffe Press.
6. "Baptist Mills". Living Easton. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

Coordinates: 51°27′59″N 2°34′28″W / 51.4665°N 2.5745°W