Briz (rocket stage)

Briz-KM

Manufacturer	Khrunichev
Country of origin	Russia
General characteristics
Diameter	2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in)[1]
Length	2.60 metres (8 ft 6 in)[1]
Gross mass	6,475 kilograms (14,275 lb)[2]
Propellant mass	5,055 kilograms (11,144 lb)[2]
Engine details
Engines	1 S5.98M[2]
Thrust	19.6 kN (4,400 lbf)
Specific impulse	326 s
Fuel	N2O4/UDMH

Briz-M

Manufacturer	Khrunichev
Country of origin	Russia
General characteristics
Diameter	4.10 metres (13.5 ft)[3]
Length	2.61 metres (8 ft 7 in)[3]
Gross mass	22,500 kilograms (49,600 lb)[3]
Propellant mass	20,000 kilograms (44,000 lb)[3]
Engine details
Engines	1 S5.98M[3]
Thrust	19.6 kN (4,400 lbf)
Specific impulse	326 s
Fuel	N2O4/UDMH

The Briz-K, Briz-KM and Briz-M (Russian: Бриз-К, КM and M meaning Breeze-K, KM and M) are Russian liquid-propellant rocket orbit insertion upper stages manufactured by Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and used on the Proton-M, Angara A5 or Rokot, one of Russia's smaller launchers.

Characteristics

Briz-K and Briz-KM

Briz-K, GRAU index 14S12, is a single-piece structure with a conical tank compartment and the engine located in a recess in the fuel tank. Briz-KM (GRAU index 14S45) is a improved version of Briz-K.^[4] The Briz-K and Briz-KM is used as a third stage of the Rokot launch vehicles.^[5]

Briz-M

Briz-M, GRAU index 14S43, is designed for injecting large payloads into a low, medium-height or high geosynchronous orbit.^[3] Briz-M is a twin upper stage consisting of a core module (using Briz-KM as the baseline) and a jettisonable add-on doughnut tank surrounding the core.^[3] It is powered by a pump-fed gimballed main engine, the 14D30.^[6] The main engine can be restarted 8 times in flight and allows precision placement of the spacecraft into orbit.^[7] Orbital lifetime of the Briz-M is limited by available onboard battery power and is currently 24 hours.^[7] The total time of the standard Proton/Briz-M mission to geosynchronous orbit profile from lift-off to spacecraft separation is approximately 9.3 hours.^[7] A Proton launch vehicle with a Briz-M upper stage can also inject payloads to Earth escape trajectories.^[7]

One of system's design goals has been to keep overall dimensions as small as possible. Briz-M takes much less space on board the launch vehicle compared to its predecessor, the Block D upper stage, leaving freed volume for the cargo.^[8] A Proton with a Briz-M can place a 4,385 kg satellite, such as an A2100AX, into a target orbit with an apogee of 35,786 km, a perigee of 7,030 km, and an inclination of 17.3°.^[9][10] Maximum lift capability of the Briz-M stage is 5,645 kg to geosynchronous transfer orbit with a 1,500 m/s residual velocity to GSO.^[6] A tandem launch of multiple spacecraft is also supported, with the ability to inject the spacecraft into different orbits.^[6]

History

Briz-M completed its maiden flight in May 2000, when it is delivered the Gorizont communications satellite into orbit.

It is planned to use Briz-M with the A3 and A5 versions of the future Angara rocket family.^[3]

Launch chronology

Proton-M/Briz-M

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Date	Configuration	Notes
5 July 1999	Proton-K/Briz-M	launch failure due to explosion of Proton second stage. Carried a Raduga communication satellite.
6 June 2000	Proton-K/Briz-M	First successful flight of the Briz-M and delivery of Gorizont #45L communication satellite.
7 April 2001	Proton-M/Briz-M	Maiden flight of Proton-M. Successful delivery of Ekran-M #18L communications satellite.
30 December 2002	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of an Nimiq 2 satellite.
6 June 2003	Proton-K/Briz-M	successful launch of an Americom communication satellite.
10 December 2003	Proton-K/Briz-M	successful launch of three GLONASS positioning satellites.
15 March 2004	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Eutelsat W3A communications satellite.
17 June 2004	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Intelsat-10-02 communications satellite.
5 August 2004	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful delivery of Amazonas 1 satellite into an elliptical transfer orbit.
15 October 2004	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of AMC-15 communications satellite for SES Americom.
3 February 2005	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of AMC-12 communications satellite for SES Americom.
22 May 2005	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Direc TV-8 satellite.
8 September 2005	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Anik-F1R satellite.
29 December 2005	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of AMC-23 communications satellite.
28 February 2006	Proton-M/Briz-M	launch failure leaves Briz-M and payload in unusable orbit. Carried an Arabsat-4A communication satellite. The booster eventually exploded on 19 February 2007, producing over 1000 trackable pieces of space debris.[11][12]
4 August 2006	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Hot Bird 8 communications satellite into the geostationary orbit for the Eutelsat.
8 November 2006	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Arabsat-4B (Badr-4) communications satellite.
11 December 2006	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of MEASAT-3 Malaysian communications satellite.
10 April 2007	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Anik F3 satellite for Telesat of Canada.
7 July 2007	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of DirecTV-10
6 September 2007	Proton-M/Briz-M	Proton-M with JCSAT-11 satellite crashed after second stage failure of a gimbal mechanism.
18 November 2007	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Sirus 4 communications satellite.
9 December 2007	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Raduga-1M #1 satellite.
15 March 2008	Proton-M/Briz-M	failed during second burn, leaving AMC-14 in useless orbit. The failure was caused by a ruptured exhaust gas conduit, which led to a shutdown of the turbo pump feeding the Briz-M engine.[13]
19 August 2008	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of the Inmarsat 4 F3 satellite. A modification was made to the Briz-M engine to include a new conduit in response to the 14 March failure. This modification will be used in all future launches.[13][14]
20 September 2008	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Nimiq-4[15]
6 November 2008	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Astra 1M from Baikonur, Kazakhstan
10 December 2008	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Ciel-2 from Baikonur.[16]
11 February 2009	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Express-AM44 and Express-MD1 from Baikonur
1 July 2009	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Sirius FM-5 from Baikonur[17]
17 August 2011	Proton-M/Briz-M	Failed launch of Ekspress-AM4 satellite from Baikonur – lost contact with Briz-M on fourth burn.[18]
3 November 2011	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of 3 Glonass satellites.[19]
11 December 2011	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of AMOS-5 (Spacecom) and Luch-5A.[20]
14 February 2012	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of SES-4 communication satellite[21]
6 August 2012	Proton-M/Briz-M	Failed launch of Telkom-3 and Ekspress-MD2 communication satellites[22]
8 December 2012	Proton-M/Briz-M	Partial success launch of Yamal-402 communication satellite placing close to designated orbit keeping possibility to correct it[23]
26 March 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Satmex 8 communications satellite to Geostationary transfer orbit[24]
15 April 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Anik G1 satellite[25]
14 May 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful launch of Eutelsat-3D satellite[26]
3 June 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful delivery of SES-6 communication satellite into super-synchronous transfer orbit[27]
30 September 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful delivery of Astra-2E communication satellite into Geosynchronous transfer orbit[28]
25 October 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful delivery of Sirius FM-6 satellite into Geostationary transfer orbit[29]
12 November 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful delivery of Raduga 1M #3 military communications satellite. However, all telemetry and data from the Briz-M was lost due to failed onboard data processing system Пирит (Pyrite)[30]
8 December 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful delivery of Inmarsat-5 F1 satellite into super-synchronous transfer orbit[31]
26 December 2013	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful delivery of Ekspress AM-5 satellite[32]
15 February 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful orbital insertion of Turksat-4A telecommunications satellite into Geostationary transfer orbit[33]
16 March 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful delivery of Express AT1 and Express AT2 telecommunications satellites into Geostationary orbit[34]
28 April 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful delivery of Luch-5V & KazSat-3 communications satellites into Geosynchronous orbit[35]
16 May 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	Loss of Ekspress AM-4R satellite due to failed Proton-M third stage[36]
28 September 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful delivery of Olimp-K/Luch military communications satellite into Geostationary orbit[37]
21 October 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	Ekspress-AM6 satellite was delivered to a lower-than-planned orbit. Later, Roscosmos stated that Ekspress-AM6 would be able to reach its planned orbit and expected to be operational by 1 July 2015[38]
15 December 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful delivery of Yamal 401 satellite into Geostationary orbit[39]
28 December 2014	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful delivery of Astra 2G satellite to Geostationary orbit[40]
1 February 2015	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful delivery of Inmarsat 5-F2 satellite into Supersynchronous orbit[41]
19 March 2015	Proton-M/Briz-M	successful delivery of Ekspress AM-7 communications satellite into Geostationary orbit[42]
16 May 2015	Proton-M/Briz-M	Third stage failure, loss of Mexsat-1 Centenario satellite.

Rokot/Briz-K/KM

Angara A5/Briz-M

Date	Configuration	Notes
23 December 2014	Angara A5/Briz-M	Maiden flight of Angara A5, mass simulator intentionally not separated from Briz-M upper stage[43]

References

• "Proton 8K82K / Briz-M". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 21 February 2007.

1. "Briz upper stage". Russianspaceweb. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
2. "Breeze KM Upper Stage". Khrunichev. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
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4. "Breeze KM upper stage". Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
5. "Russia launches relay craft, commemorative satellite". Spaceflight Now.
6. Proton/Breeze-M International Launch Services, retrieved on 23 March 2009
7. Proton Launch System Mission Planner's Guide International Launch Services. Retrieved on 23 March 2008
8. http://www.russianspaceweb.com/proton.html
9. "orbit.jpg". Khrunichev.
10. "Breeze-M Powered Flight". Khrunichev.
11. "Rocket Explosion". Spaceweather.com. 22 February 2007. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
12. Than, Ker (21 February 2007). "Rocket Explodes Over Australia, Showers Space with Debris". Space.com. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
13. PROTON BREEZE M CLEARED FOR RETURN TO FLIGHT
14. ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES INMARSAT-4 F3 SATELLITE
15. http://www.ilslaunch.com/newsroom/news-releases/ils-proton-successfully-launches-telesat%E2%80%99s-nimiq-4-satellite
16. http://www.ilslaunch.com/newsroom/news-releases/ils-proton-successfully-launches-ciel-ii-satellite
17. "ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES SIRIUS FM-5 SATELLITE". International Launch Services. 1 July 2009. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
18. "FAILURE: Proton-M launch with Ekspress-AM4 satellite – August 18, 2011". NASA Space Flight. 18 August 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
19. STEPHEN CLARK. "Proton rocket replenishes Russian navigation system". Spaceflight Now.
20. "Luch-5A and AMOS-5 spacecrafts launch". Tsenki.
21. Bergin, Chris (14 February 2012). "ILS Proton-M successfully launches SES-4". NASAspaceflight.
22. Bergin, Chris (6 August 2012). "Proton-M launch: Telkom-3 and Ekspress-MD2 lost after Briz-M failure". NASAspaceflight.
23. "Russian scientists devising plan to get just-launched satellite to correct orbit". RT. 9 December 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
24. Chris Bergin (26 March 2013). "ILS Proton-M makes successful return with Satmex 8". NASA SPACEFLIGHT.com. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
25. Chris Bergin (15 April 2013). "ILS Proton-M successfully launches Canada’s Anik G1". NASA SPACEFLIGHT.com. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
26. Chris Bergin (14 May 2013). "ILS Proton-M launches with EUTELSAT 3D". NASA SPACEFLIGHT.com. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
27. Chris Bergin (2 June 2013). "ILS Proton-M successfully lofts SES-6". NASA SPACEFLIGHT.com. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
28. "Proton-M/Briz-M makes successful Return to Flight – Delivering Astra 2E". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 30 September 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
29. "Sirius FM-6 in Orbit after successful Proton Launch & Briz-M Flight". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 25 October 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
30. "Recent Briz-M Flight was not without Flaw, Officials confirm". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 29 November 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
31. "Proton/Briz-M completes long Flight to deliver Inmarsat-5 F1 to Orbit". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 9 December 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
32. "Proton Rocket launches advanced Russian Communications Satellite". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 26 December 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
33. "Proton-M & Briz-M successfully boost Turksat 4A into Orbit". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 15 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
34. "Express AT1 and Express AT2 launch a success". THALES. 18 March 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
35. "Proton/Briz-M successfully Launches Luch-5V & KazSat-3 Comsats". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 28 April 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
36. "Ekspress AM-4R – Proton Launch Updates". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 30 September 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
37. Anatoly Zak (13 January 2014). "Proton successfully returns to flight delivering a secret Olymp satellite". Retrieved 2 February 2015.
38. "Ekspress AM-6 Satellite begins Maneuvers to correct its Orbit". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 12 November 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
39. "Proton Rocket successfully completes 400th Launch, lofting Yamal 401". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 30 September 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
40. "Successful Proton Mission Caps busy Year of Russian Space Launches". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 27 December 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
41. "Inmarsat 5-F2 Comsat arrives in Orbit after successful Proton/Briz-M Mission". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 1 February 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
42. "Ekspress AM-7 ComSat successfully delivered to Orbit by Proton/Briz-M". SPACEFLIGHT 101. 19 March 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
43. "Разгонный блок "Бриз-М" вывел на целевую орбиту условный спутник, запущенный на "Ангаре"". ITAR-TASS. 23 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.