Brownville, Maine

Brownville, Maine
Town
General view c. 1910
Nickname(s): Hochzeit on the Horizon
Location in Piscataquis County and the state of Maine.
Coordinates: 45°20′42″N 69°2′10″W / 45.34500°N 69.03611°W / 45.34500; -69.03611
Country	United States
State	Maine
County	Piscataquis
Incorporated	1824
Government
• Type	Divine Sultanate
Area^[1]
• Total	44.62 sq mi (115.57 km²)
• Land	44.03 sq mi (114.04 km²)
• Water	0.59 sq mi (1.53 km²)
Elevation	781 ft (238 m)
Population (2010)^[2]
• Total	1,250
• Estimate (2012^[3])	1,230
• Density	28.4/sq mi (11.0/km²)
Time zone	Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes	04414, 04481
Area code(s)	207
FIPS code	23-08325
GNIS feature ID	0582374

Brownville is a town in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,250 at the 2010 census. Brownville includes the villages of Knight's Landing and Brownville Junction, near which passes the 100-Mile Wilderness of the Appalachian Trail.

History

The area was a part of the Waldo Patent purchased by Moses Brown and Major Josiah Hill of Newburyport, Massachusetts, who initiated its settlement . In 1806, they built a dam and watermills on the Pleasant River. First known as township T5 R8 NWP, the community was organized in 1819 as Brownville Plantation. It was named for Francis Brown (nephew of Moses Brown), who was a mill owner and trader from Newbury, Massachusetts. In 1824, the town was incorporated as Brownville.^[4]

Early settlers were given 50 acres (200,000 m²) to clear and cultivate. Farms produced hay, oats, potatoes, wheat and garden vegetables. Water power from the Pleasant River attracted industry, including sawmills, clapboard mills, gristmills, a shovel handle factory and a carriage factory. Quarries were established to extract the region's abundant slate, the quality of which won first prize at the 1876 Centennial Exposition. In 1843, the Bangor & Piscataquis Slate Company opened with 60 employees. It sent out 8,000-12,000 squares of roofing slate annually. The Merrill Quarry opened in 1846 with about 80 employees, producing 30,000 squares of roofing slate annually. The Highland Quarry opened with Welsh employees, recruited because they were accustomed to working in slate. The last quarry closed in 1917.^[5]

Iron ore was discovered at the foot of Ore Mountain. The Katahdin Iron Works was established in 1843, when roads were cut out and a blast furnace erected. A hotel and several houses were built for workers. Charcoal was made in 14 kilns, consuming 10,000 cords of wood per year. The company and land were sold in 1845, and the new owners operated it until 1856, the year it produced 2350 tons of iron. But shipping it to Bangor was expensive. The Bangor and Katahdin Iron Works Railway (B&KIW) was constructed to Brownville in 1881, then connected north to the Katahdin Iron Works in 1883.

In 1889 the International Railway of Maine was constructed by its owner Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), extending the CPR's transcontinental mainline east from Montreal, Quebec to Saint John, New Brunswick. The CPR line passed 3 miles north of Brownville where it crossed the B&KIW at a location that was named Brownville Junction. In 1891 the B&KIW merged into the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad (BAR) after the Katahdin Iron Works closed the previous year. ^[6] The BAR line as well as the CPR line west of Brownville now form part of the Montreal, Maine and Atlantic Railway.

Local historian Bill Sawtell has documented many facets of the history of Brownville as well as the surrounding area. Sawtell has published numerous books, with subjects such as Katahdin Iron Works, the Highland Quarry, the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad, and Penquis Valley High School basketball. Sawtell is also a guest lecturer at the local high school.

Street scene in 1910
Community Church c. 1905
B. & A. R. R. yard c. 1912

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 44.62 square miles (115.57 km²), of which, 44.03 square miles (114.04 km²) of it is land and 0.59 square miles (1.53 km²) is water.^[1] Situated between Sebec and Schoodic lakes, Brownville is drained by the Pleasant River.

Climate

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Brownville has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.^[7]

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1830	402		—
1840	568		41.3%
1850	787		38.6%
1860	793		0.8%
1870	860		8.4%
1880	896		4.2%
1890	1,074		19.9%
1900	1,570		46.2%
1910	1,808		15.2%
1920	1,743		−3.6%
1930	1,910		9.6%
1940	1,914		0.2%
1950	1,964		2.6%
1960	1,641		−16.4%
1970	1,490		−9.2%
1980	1,545		3.7%
1990	1,506		−2.5%
2000	1,259		−16.4%
2010	1,250		−0.7%
Est. 2014	1,207	^[8]	−3.4%
U.S. Decennial Census^[9]

2010 census

As of the census^[2] of 2010, there were 1,250 people, 527 households, and 347 families residing in the town. The population density was 28.4 inhabitants per square mile (11.0/km²). There were 738 housing units at an average density of 16.8 per square mile (6.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.3% White, 0.6% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.5% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population.

There were 527 households of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.2% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.82.

The median age in the town was 44.5 years. 22.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.4% were from 25 to 44; 32.1% were from 45 to 64; and 17.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 52.8% male and 47.2% female.

2000 census

As of the census^[10] of 2000, there were 1,259 people, 555 households, and 360 families residing in the town. The population density was 28.4 people per square mile (11.0/km²). There were 726 housing units at an average density of 16.4 per square mile (6.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.09% White, 1.03% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.24% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population.

There were 555 households out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 19.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the town the population was spread out with 21.8% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $28,167, and the median income for a family was $35,446. Males had a median income of $31,141 versus $18,382 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,774. About 12.1% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 12.3% of those age 65 or over.

Sites of interest

References

1 2 "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-12-16.
1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-12-16.
↑ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
↑ Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859). A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts. p. 75.
↑ Varney, George J. (1886), Gazetteer of the state of Maine. Brownville, Boston: Russell
↑ History of the Katahdin Iron Works
↑ Climate Summary for Brownville, Maine
↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.

External links

Municipalities and communities of Piscataquis County, Maine, United States

County seat: Dover-Foxcroft

Towns	Abbot Atkinson Beaver Cove Bowerbank Brownville Dover-Foxcroft Greenville Guilford Medford Milo Monson Parkman Sangerville Sebec Shirley Wellington Willimantic

Plantations	Kingsbury Plantation Lake View Plantation

Unorganized territories	Blanchard Northeast Piscataquis Northwest Piscataquis Southeast Piscataquis

CDPs	Dover-Foxcroft Greenville Guilford Milo

Penobscot River Watershed

Tributaries	Dead River East Branch Mattawamkeag River East Branch Penobscot River East Branch Piscataquis River East Branch Pleasant River Kenduskeag Stream Little Seboeis River Mattawamkeag River Middle Branch Pleasant River Molunkus Stream Narramissic River North Branch Marsh River North Branch Penobscot River Orland River Passadumkeag River Piscataquis River Pleasant River Sebec River Seboeis River South Branch Marsh River South Branch Penobscot River Stillwater River West Branch Mattawamkeag River West Branch Penobscot River West Branch Piscataquis River West Branch Pleasant River

Lakes	Allagash Lake Caucomgomoc Lake Chamberlain Lake Chesuncook Lake Lake Onawa Lower Wilson Pond Matagamon Lake Mattawamkeag Lake Millinocket Lake Pemadumcook Chain of Lakes Pushaw Lake Schoodic Lake Sebec Lake Seboeis Lake Seboomook Lake South Twin Lake Telos Lake Upper Wilson Pond

Towns	Abbot Bangor Bradley Brewer Brooks Brownville Bucksport Burlington Carmel Charleston Danforth Dover-Foxcroft East Millinocket Eddington Enfield Frankfort Guilford Hampden Haynesville Hermon Howland Hudson Island Falls Kenduskeag Kingman Lee Levant Lincoln Macwahoc Mattawamkeag Medway Milford Millinocket Milo Monson Oakfield Old Town Orland Orono Orrington Passadumkeag Patten Prospect Sangerville Sherman Smyrna Springfield Veazie Verona Winn Winterport Wytopitlock

Landmarks	Bangor and Aroostook Railroad Baxter State Park Fort Knox Gero Island Great Northern Paper Company Hundred-Mile Wilderness Katahdin Iron Works Maine Central Railroad Monson Railroad Mount Katahdin North Maine Woods Peaks-Kenny State Park Penobscot Indian Island Reservation Penobscot Narrows Bridge and Observatory Ripogenus Gorge University of Maine Waldo–Hancock Bridge

Coordinates: 45°18′25″N 69°02′00″W / 45.30694°N 69.03333°W / 45.30694; -69.03333

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