Bufadienolide

Bufadienolide

Names
IUPAC name 5-[(5R, 8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pyran-2-one
Identifiers
ChEBI	CHEBI:83977
ChemSpider	26286947
Jmol interactive 3D	Image
PubChem	3035030
InChI InChI=1S/C24H34O2/c1-23-13-4-3-5-17(23)7-8-18-20-10-9-19(16-6-11-22(25)26-15-16)24(20,2)14-12-21(18)23/h6,11,15,17-21H,3-5,7-10,12-14H2,1-2H3/t17-,18-,19+,20+,21-,23-,24+/m0/s1 Key: YBPMPRDOWHIVNA-JTSGVHQASA-N InChI=1S/C24H34O2/c1-23-13-4-3-5-17(23)7-8-18-20-10-9-19(16-6-11-22(25)26-15-16)24(20,2)14-12-21(18)23/h6,11,15,17-21H,3-5,7-10,12-14H2,1-2H3/t17-,18-,19+,20+,21-,23-,24+/m0/s1 Key: YBPMPRDOWHIVNA-JTSGVHQASA-N
SMILES CC14CCC3C2(C)CCCCC2CCC3C1CCC4c5ccc(=O)oc5
Properties
Chemical formula	C24H34O2
Molar mass	354.53 g·mol^−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
verify (what is  ?)
Infobox references

Bufadienolide is a chemical compound with steroid structure. Its derivatives are collectively known as bufadienolides, including many in the form of bufadienolide glycosides (bufadienolides that contain structural groups derived from sugars). These are a type of cardiac glycoside, the other being the cardenolide glycosides. Both bufadienolides and their glycosides are toxic; specifically, they can cause an atrioventricular block, bradycardia (slow heartbeat), ventricular tachycardia (a type of rapid heartbeat), and possibly lethal cardiac arrest.^[1]

Etymology

The term derives from the toad genus Bufo that contains bufadienolide glycosides, the suffix -adien- that refers to the two double bonds in the lactone ring, and the ending -olide that denotes the lactone structure. Consequently, related structures with only one double bond are called bufenolides, and the saturated equivalent is bufanolide.^[2]

Bufanolide

Classification

According to MeSH, bufadienolides and bufanolides are classified as follows:^[3][4]

• Polycyclic compounds
  • Steroids
    • Cardanolides
      • Cardenolides
      • Cardiac glycosides
        • Bufanolides (includes bufenolides, bufadienolides, bufatrienolides)
          • Proscillaridin
          • Daigremontianin
        • Cardenolides

Cardenolides have been classified under cardanolides as well as cardiac glycosides in this classification.

References

1. Mutschler, Ernst; Schäfer-Korting, Monika (2001). Arzneimittelwirkungen (in German) (8 ed.). Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft. p. 534, 538. ISBN 3-8047-1763-2.
2. IUPAC Recommendations 1999: Revised Section F: Natural Products and Related Compounds
3. Bufadienolides at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
4. Cardenolides at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)