Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus

Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus
Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus
from West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Ingerophrynus
Species: I. quadriporcatus
Binomial name
Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus
(Boulenger, 1887)
Synonyms

Bufo quadriporcatus Boulenger, 1887

Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae.[2][3] Its common names are long-glanded toad,[4] four-ridged toad and greater Malacca toad. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo (Sabah, Brunei, Sarawak, and Kalimantan), Sumatra, and the Natuna Islands.[2] Its natural habitats are swamp forests, but it has also been found on rubber plantations. It breeds in standing water.[1]

Description

Male Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus grow to a snout–vent length of about 48 mm (1.9 in) and females to 53–63 mm (2.1–2.5 in). They have a distinct tympanum. The dorsum is dark or light brown above and on sides, usually uniform in colour, and without distinct markings. Ventral colour is yellowish brown, possibly with dark spots. Skin on top of head and body is covered with many conical spines.[4]

Conservation

Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus may be common in suitable swampy habitats, but it is not abundant. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by expanding oil palm plantations, infrastructure development, and logging.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Inger, R., Iskandar, D., van Dijk, P.P., Tzi Ming, L. & Das, I. (2004). "Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
  2. 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus (Boulenger, 1887)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
  3. Frost, D. R.; Grant, T.; Faivovich, J. N.; Bain, R. H.; Haas, A.; Haddad, C. L. F. B.; De Sá, R. O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, M.; Donnellan, S. C.; Raxworthy, C. J.; Campbell, J. A.; Blotto, B. L.; Moler, P.; Drewes, R. C.; Nussbaum, R. A.; Lynch, J. D.; Green, D. M.; Wheeler, W. C. (2006). "The Amphibian Tree of Life". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–291. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5781.
  4. 1 2 "Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus". Amphibians and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
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