By-elections to the House of Lords

Following the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999, the number of hereditary peers entitled to sit in the House of Lords was reduced to ninety-two. Ninety of the first ninety-two were elected by all the hereditary peers before the passing of the reform. Since November 2002, by-elections have been held to fill vacancies left by deaths of those peers. Since the passing of the House of Lords Reform Act 2014, by-elections have also been held to fill vacancies left by the resignation of those peers.

Before the passing of the 1999 Act, the Lords approved a Standing Order stating that the remaining hereditary peers shall consist of:^[1]

2 peers to be elected by the Labour hereditary peers
42 peers to be elected by the Conservative hereditary peers
3 peers to be elected by the Liberal Democrat hereditary peers
28 peers to be elected by the Crossbench hereditary peers
15 peers to be elected by the whole House
The holders of the offices of Earl Marshal and Lord Great Chamberlain to be ex officio members

Elections must be held within three months of a vacancy occurring^[2] and take place under the Alternative Vote system.^[3] All those on the Register of Hereditary Peers are eligible to stand, but only sitting (the "excepted") hereditary peers may vote (which can result in very small electorates, such as three voters in the 2003 election of Lord Grantchester).^[4]^[5]

Current Composition

For more details on this topic, see List of elected hereditary peers under the House of Lords Act 1999.

As of 1 November 2012, the current party affiliation of the hereditary peers is:^[6]

Affiliation		Elected by Conservative hereditary peers	Elected by Crossbench hereditary peers	Elected by Labour hereditary peers	Elected by Liberal Democrat hereditary peers	Elected by whole House	Total
	Conservative	40^{[lower-alpha 1]}^{[lower-alpha 2]}	-	-	-	9	49
	Crossbenchers	1^{[lower-alpha 1]}	28	-	-	3^{[lower-alpha 3]}	32
	Labour	-	-	2	-	2	4
	Liberal Democrats	-	-	-	3	1^{[lower-alpha 3]}	4
	UKIP	1^{[lower-alpha 2]}	-	-	-	-	1
Total		42	28	2	3	15	90

1 2 Earl Peel was elected by Conservative hereditary peers but sits as a Crossbencher.
1 2 Lord Willoughby de Broke was elected by Conservative hereditary peers but now sits as a UKIP peer.
1 2 Viscount Falkland was elected by the whole House as a Liberal Democrat but now sits as a Crossbencher.

The two ex officio members, the Duke of Norfolk and the Marquess of Cholmondeley, are currently on leave of absence.

By-election results

2003

After the death of the Viscount of Oxfuird:

Hereditary Peers' By-Election (Whole House eligible to vote), March 2003^[7]
Party		Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10	Count 11	Count 12	Count 13	Count 14	Count 15	Count 16	Count 17	Count 18
	Conservative	YViscount Ullswater^[8]	86	89	89	91	91	94	95	101	103	109	111	114	116	123	123	127	144	151
	Crossbench	Viscount Montgomery of Alamein	46	46	46	46	48	49	49	53	54	56	56	61	63	66	68	80	95	116
	Labour	Lord Grantchester	57	58	59	59	59	59	59	59	60	60	61	62	64	65	83	92	93	-
	Conservative	Viscount Eccles	31	32	33	34	35	37	37	41	43	44	46	47	48	53	53	55	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Meston	39	40	40	42	42	44	44	44	45	45	45	45	48	48	48	-	-	-
	Labour	Lord Monkswell	26	26	27	27	27	27	28	28	28	28	29	29	31	31	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Clancarty	10	12	12	12	12	13	14	16	17	17	17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Rathcavan	13	13	13	13	13	13	14	14	14	14	14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Trenchard	10	11	11	12	12	12	12	12	13	13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Weir	10	11	11	12	12	12	12	12	13	13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl Cathcart	9	10	10	10	10	11	11	12	12	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Norrie	8	8	8	10	10	11	11	11	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Brentford	8	8	8	9	9	9	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Cranbrook	5	7	7	8	8	9	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Stockton	6	6	7	8	9	9	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Effingham	6	6	6	6	6	6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Iveagh	5	5	5	5	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord de Ramsey	4	4	5	5	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl Cairns	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Addison	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Birdwood	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Liberal Democrat	Earl of Glasgow	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Vaux of Harrowden	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Kinnoull	2	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord de Mauley	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Gray	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Hood	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Independent	Lord Kennet	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Torrington	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Teynham	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Swinton	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Strathcarron	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Rowallan	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Poole	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Pender	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Napier of Magdala	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Morris	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Lawrence	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Kintore	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Gladwyn	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Cromer	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Birkett	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Independent	Lord Ashbourne	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Others	37 Others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 661 Valid: 423 Spoilt: 3 Quota: 212 Turnout: 426

After the death of Lord Milner of Leeds:

Labour Hereditary Peers' By-Election, October 2003^[9]
Candidate	Count 1
YLord Grantchester^[8]	2
Viscount Hanworth	1
9 Others	0
Electorate: 3 Valid: 3 Spoilt: 0 Quota: Turnout: 3

2004

After the death of Lord Vivian:

Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, May 2004^[10]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10	Count 11
YViscount Trenchard	8	8	8	8	9	10	12	12	14	17	24
Viscount Eccles	7	7	8	9	9	9	9	10	13	15	18
Earl Cathcart	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	10	11	13	-
Viscount Weir	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	-	-
Viscount Torrington	5	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	-	-	-
Lord de Mauley	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-
Lord Rathcavan	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Terrington	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Norrie	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Harlech	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Viscount Brentford	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Viscount Addison	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
25 Others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 48 Valid: 45 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 23 Turnout: 45

2005

After the death of the Earl Russell:

Liberal Democrat Hereditary Peers' By-Election, January 2005^[11]
Candidate	Count 1
YEarl of Glasgow	4
Earl of Carlisle	0
Lord Kennet	0
Electorate: 4 Valid: 4 Spoilt: 0 Quota: Turnout: 4

After the death of Lord Burnham:

Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, March 2005^[12]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10
YLord de Mauley	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	13	16	21
Earl Cathcart	7	7	7	7	7	7	8	10	11	13
Viscount Eccles	6	6	6	7	8	8	8	9	10	-
Viscount Torrington	2	3	4	4	4	5	7	7	-	-
Earl of Stockton	4	4	4	4	5	6	7	-	-	-
Viscount Weir	4	4	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-
Lord Rathcavan	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-
Lord de Ramsey	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Norrie	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Margadale	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Viscount Addison	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
25 Others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 47 Valid: 42 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 21 Turnout: 42

After the death of Lord Aberdare:

Hereditary Peers' By-Election (Whole House eligible to vote), March 2005^[13]
Party		Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10	Count 11	Count 12	Count 13	Count 14	Count 15	Count 16	Count 17	Count 18	Count 19	Count 20	Count 21	Count 22	Count 23	Count 24
	Conservative	YViscount Eccles	92	92	92	92	93	93	93	93	93	93	93	93	94	94	96	96	98	102	104	111	119	129	146	168
	Labour	Lord Monkswell	63	63	63	63	63	63	63	63	63	63	64	64	64	64	64	64	64	64	64	64	64	65	65	67
	Liberal Democrat	Earl of Carlisle	49	49	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	51	51	51	51	51	53	54	54	55	59	61
	Conservative	Earl Cathcart	32	32	32	32	32	32	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	34	35	36	36	38	40	41	44	-
	Conservative	Earl of Stockton	22	22	22	22	22	23	23	23	24	24	24	25	25	25	25	26	27	27	31	34	35	39	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Norrie	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	20	20	21	22	22	22	22	22	22	25	27	27	28	31	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Torrington	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	11	13	14	14	14	14	14	14	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord de Ramsey	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	12	12	12	13	14	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Birkett	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	10	10	12	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Rathcavan	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Weir	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Poole	3	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Hood	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Margadale	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Terrington	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Tryon	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	UKIP	Duke of Rutland	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Addison	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Vivian	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Rowallan	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Massereene and Ferrard	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Kinnoull	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Killearn	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Glanusk	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Clifford of Chudleigh	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl Alexander of Tunis	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Others	10 Others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 687 Valid: 348 Spoilt: 4 Quota: 174 Turnout: 352

After the death of Baroness Strange:

Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, June 2005^[14]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6
YViscount Montgomery of Alamein	11	11	11	11	11	11
Earl of Effingham	4	4	5	6	7	8
Earl of Clancarty	5	5	5	5	6	-
Earl of Stair	3	3	4	4	-	-
Lord Gladwyn	2	3	3	-	-	-
Earl of Iveagh	2	2	-	-	-	-
Lord Milford	1	-	-	-	-	-
19 Others	0	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 29 Valid: 28 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 14 Turnout: 28

2007

After the death of Lord Mowbray and Stourton:

Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, March 2007^[15]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7
YEarl Cathcart	10	11	11	12	12	16	21
Viscount Younger of Leckie	12	13	13	14	15	16	17
Earl of Stockton	6	6	6	7	9	11	-
Viscount Torrington	2	4	6	6	7	-	-
Lord Rathcavan	4	4	4	4	-	-	-
Lord de Ramsey	3	3	3	-	-	-	-
Viscount Weir	1	2	-	-	-	-	-
Earl Alexander of Tunis	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Birdwood	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Chesham	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Earl of Iveagh	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Margadale	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
30 Others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 47 Valid: 43 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 22 Turnout: 43

2008

After the death of the Baroness Darcy de Knayth:

Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, May 2008^[16]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6
YEarl of Stair	6	6	7	9	11	14
Earl of Clancarty	7	8	8	9	9	10
Lord Aberdare	4	4	4	4	5	-
Viscount Devonport	3	3	3	3	-	-
Lord Cromwell	2	3	3	-	-	-
Lord Darcy de Knayth	2	2	-	-	-	-
Lord Milford	1	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Terrington	1	-	-	-	-	-
25 Others	0	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 29 Valid: 26 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 14 Turnout: 26

2009

After the death of the Viscount Bledisloe:

Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, July 2009^[17]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YLord Aberdare	10	12	12	12	13
Lord Sempill	2	3	5	5	5
Viscount Hood	4	4	4	4	4
Earl of Clancarty	3	3	3	4	-
Lord Hacking	2	3	3	-	-
Duke of Somerset	2	2	-	-	-
Lord Cromwell	1	-	-	-	-
Earl of Effingham	1	-	-	-	-
Lord Polwarth	1	-	-	-	-
Lord Wrenbury	1	-	-	-	-
23 Others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 29 Valid: 27 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 27

2010

After the death of the Viscount Colville of Culross:

Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, June 2010^[18]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YEarl of Clancarty	10	10	11	12	13
Earl of Lytton	3	5	5	8	8
Viscount Hood	3	4	5	5	-
Lord Sempill	4	4	4	-	-
Viscount Runciman of Doxford	2	3	-	-	-
Earl of Albemarle	1	-	-	-	-
Earl Cairns	1	-	-	-	-
Lord Cromwell	1	-	-	-	-
Lord Hacking	1	-	-	-	-
15 Others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 29 Valid: 26 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 26

After the death of the Earl of Northesk:

Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, June 2010^[19]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3
YViscount Younger of Leckie	17	21	22
Earl of Stockton	5	7	7
Lord Ashton of Hyde	4	4	5
Lord Rathcavan	3	3	4
Lord Colgrain	2	3	3
Lord de Ramsey	2	3	3
Marquess of Abergavenny	2	2	-
Earl of Limerick	2	2	-
Viscount Addison	1	-	-
Lord Bethell	1	-	-
Lord Birdwood	1	-	-
Lord Bolton	1	-	-
Viscount Gormanston	1	-	-
Lord Gray	1	-	-
Lord Harlech	1	-	-
Lord Margadale	1	-	-
17 Others	0	-	-
Electorate: 47 Valid: 45 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 22 Turnout: 45

2011

After the death of the Lord Strabolgi:

Hereditary Peers' By-Election (Whole House eligible to vote), March 2011^[20]
Party		Candidate	Count 1
	Labour	YViscount Hanworth	233
	Liberal Democrat	Earl of Carlisle	26
	Conservative	Lord de Ramsey	24
	Crossbench	Lord Hacking	24
	Labour	Lord Monkswell	21
	Conservative	Earl of Stockton	20
	Conservative	Earl of Harrowby	17
	Crossbench	Lord Cromwell	8
	Conservative	Lord Killearn	6
	Conservative	Earl Alexander of Tunis	5
	Conservative	Lord Margadale	5
	Conservative	Earl of Kinnoull	4
	Liberal Democrat	Lord Ogmore	4
	Conservative	Lord Rowallan	3
	Conservative	Viscount Addison	2
	Crossbench	Lord Tryon	2
	Conservative	Lord Birdwood	1
	Crossbench	Earl of Cromer	1
	Conservative	Lord Sudeley	1
	Conservative	Lord Gainford	0
	Crossbench	Viscount Hill	0
	Crossbench	Lord Parmoor	0
	Conservative	Lord Vivian	0
Electorate: 769 Valid: 414 Spoilt: 2 Quota: 207 Turnout: 416

After the death of the Lord Monson:

Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, May 2011^[21]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YEarl of Lytton	7	7	9	11	15
Duke of Somerset	6	7	9	9	9
Viscount Colville of Culross	6	6	6	7	-
Lord Cromwell	3	3	3	-	-
Earl of Oxford and Asquith	2	2	-	-	-
Earl of Shaftesbury	2	2	-	-	-
Earl of Drogheda	1	-	-	-	-
7 Others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 28 Valid: 27 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 14 Turnout: 27

After the death of the Earl of Onslow:

Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, July 2011^[22]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9
YLord Ashton of Hyde	19	19	20	20	20	20	20	21	23
Lord Borwick	5	6	6	7	7	7	7	7	7
Lord de Ramsey	3	3	3	3	4	3	5	5	5
Earl of Harrowby	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Earl of Stockton	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	4	4
Marquess of Abergavenny	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	-
Earl of Oxford and Asquith	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-
Earl of Onslow	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-
Lord Rowallan	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-
Lord Rathcavan	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Margadale	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Earl of Limerick	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Viscount Addison	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
8 Others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 47 Valid: 45 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 23 Turnout: 45

After the death of the Lord Ampthill:

Hereditary Peers' By-Election (Whole House eligible to vote), July 2011^[23]
Party		Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10	Count 11	Count 12	Count 13	Count 14	Count 15
	Crossbench	YViscount Colville of Culross	77	77	78	78	78	78	79	79	80	80	81	88	94	101	126
	Crossbench	Duke of Somerset	76	76	76	76	76	78	78	78	79	80	81	86	91	98	104
	Crossbench	Lord Hacking	52	52	52	52	52	54	54	56	56	57	59	60	66	73	-
	Conservative	Earl of Stockton	28	28	29	29	29	29	29	29	30	33	33	33	38	-	-
	Liberal Democrat	Lord Kennet	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	18	18	19	26	26	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Shaftesbury	12	13	13	13	13	14	16	16	16	17	18	-	-	-	-
	Liberal Democrat	Earl of Carlisle	12	12	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Limerick	6	7	7	7	7	7	7	9	12	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Margadale	5	6	6	6	7	7	7	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Kinnoull	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Hood	5	5	5	6	6	6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Cromwell	4	4	4	4	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Killearn	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Cadman	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Albemarle	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Biddulph	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Tryon	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Vivian	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Others	2 Others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 769 Valid: 313 Spoilt: 3 Quota: 157 Turnout: 316

2013

After the death of the Earl Ferrers:

Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, February 2013^[24]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10	Count 11	Count 12	Count 13	Count 14
YViscount Ridley	14	14	15	15	15	15	15	15	16	18	18	20	21	24
Viscount Hailsham	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	11	11
Earl of Harrowby	4	4	4	4	4	5	5	5	5	5	6	6	6	8
Lord de Ramsey	2	2	2	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	5	5	6	-
Marquess of Abergavenny	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	4	4	4	4	4	-	-
Earl of Stockton	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	3	3	-	-	-
Lord Borwick	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-
Earl of Oxford and Asquith	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Windlesham	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Vivian	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Swansea	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Monson	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Margadale	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Darling	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Earl of Clanwilliam	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Ampthill	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
11 Others	0	-	-
Electorate: 48 Valid: 46 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 23 Turnout: 46

After the death of the Lord Reay:

Hereditary Peers' By-Election (Whole House eligible to vote), July 2013^[25]
Party		Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10	Count 11	Count 12	Count 13	Count 14	Count 15	Count 16	Count 17
	Conservative	YLord Borwick	104	105	105	106	106	107	109	109	109	110	112	113	114	117	120	135	160
	Conservative	Viscount Hailsham	104	104	105	105	106	106	106	106	106	106	107	107	108	112	113	117	129
	Conservative	Earl of Stockton	34	34	34	34	34	34	34	34	36	38	39	41	42	44	56	61	-
	Conservative	Earl of Harrowby	23	23	23	23	23	23	23	23	24	24	26	26	27	29	31	-	-
	Liberal Democrat	Lord Kennet	17	17	17	17	17	19	19	19	19	19	19	20	20	20	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Swansea	8	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	10	11	13	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Ampthill	6	6	7	7	8	8	8	9	10	10	10	10	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Napier and Ettrick	6	6	6	7	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Margadale	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	7	7	7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Windlesham	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Rowallan	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Onslow	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	UKIP	Viscount Massereene and Ferrard	3	3	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Liberal Democrat	Earl of Carlisle	3	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Albemarle	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Hemphill	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Biddulph	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Cadman	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Harlech	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Others	4 Others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 753 Valid: 334 Spoilt: 2 Quota: 167 Turnout: 336

2014

After the death of the Lord Moran:

Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, April 2014^[26]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YLord Cromwell	9	10	10	12	13
Lord Russell of Liverpool	7	7	7	9	12
Lord Sempill	4	4	5	5	-
Lord Aldington	4	4	5	-	-
Lord Thurlow	2	2	-	-	-
Lord Napier and Ettrick	1	-	-	-	-
7 Others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 29 Valid: 27 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 14 Turnout: 27

After the death of the Lord Methuen:

Hereditary Peers' By-Election (Whole House eligible to vote), October 2014^[27]
Party		Candidate	Count 1
	Liberal Democrat	YEarl of Oxford and Asquith	155
	Crossbench	Lord Napier and Ettrick	35
	Conservative	Earl of Stockton	31
	Liberal Democrat	Lord Kennet	29
	Conservative	Lord Margadale	13
	Crossbench	Viscount Massereene and Ferrard	6
	Crossbench	Lord Somerleyton	6
	Conservative	Lord Harlech	4
	Crossbench	Lord Calverley	1
	Conservative	Lord Layton	1
	Conservative	Lord Middleton	1
	Conservative	Lord Sudeley	1
	Conservative	Lord Biddulph	0
	Conservative	Lord Cadman	0
	Conservative	Lord Rowallan	0
Electorate: 776 Valid: 283 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 142 Turnout: 283

After the death of the Viscount Allenby of Megiddo:

Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, December 2014^[28]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YLord Russell of Liverpool	7	8	10	10	13
Duke of Somerset	4	4	4	5	5
Lord Thurlow	4	4	4	5	5
Lord Napier and Ettrick	3	3	3	4	-
Earl of Kinnoull	3	3	3	-	-
Viscount Hood	3	3	-	-	-
Earl of Clanwilliam	1	-	-	-	-
11 Others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 27 Valid: 25 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 25

After the retirement of the Lord Cobbold:

Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, December 2014^[28]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YDuke of Somerset	6	7	8	8	12
Lord Thurlow	8	8	9	10	11
Earl of Kinnoull	4	4	4	5	-
Lord Napier and Ettrick	3	3	3	-	-
Viscount Hood	3	3	-	-	-
Earl of Clanwilliam	1	-	-	-	-
11 Others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 27 Valid: 25 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 25

2015

After the retirement of the Lord Chorley:

Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, February 2015^[29]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6
YLord Thurlow	8	9	9	9	10	13
Viscount Hood	4	4	4	4	4	4
Lord Napier and Ettrick	3	3	3	3	3	3
Earl of Cork and Orrery	2	2	3	3	3	3
Lord Sempill	2	2	2	3	3	3
Lord Aldington	2	2	2	2	3	-
Earl of Kinnoull	2	2	2	2	-	-
Lord Hemphill	1	1	1	-	-	-
Earl of Clanwilliam	1	1	-	-	-	-
Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor	1	-	-	-	-	-
8 Others	0	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 28 Valid: 26 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 26

After the retirement of the Lady Saltoun of Abernethy:

Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, February 2015^[29]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6
YEarl of Kinnoull	9	9	10	10	11	12
Viscount Hood	4	4	4	4	4	5
Lord Sempill	2	3	3	3	4	4
Lord Napier and Ettrick	3	3	3	3	3	3
Earl of Cork and Orrery	2	2	2	3	3	-
Lord Aldington	2	2	2	2	-	-
Earl of Clanwilliam	1	1	1	-	-	-
Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor	1	1	-	-	-	-
Lord Hemphill	1	-	-	-	-	-
8 Others	0	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 28 Valid: 26 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 26

After the retirement of the Viscount Tenby:

Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, July 2015^[30]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6
YLord Mountevans	9	9	9	9	9	10
Lord Aldington	3	4	5	5	5	5
Viscount Hood	3	3	4	5	5	5
Lord Sempill	3	3	3	3	4	-
Earl of Albemarle	2	2	2	2	-	-
Lord Napier and Ettrick	2	2	2	-	-	-
Lord Darling	2	2	-	-	-	-
Lord Trevethin and Oaksey	1	-	-	-	-	-
11 Others	0	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 28 Valid: 25 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 25

After the retirement of the Lord Luke:

Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, September 2015^[31]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YDuke of Wellington	18	18	18	19	21
Marquess of Abergavenny	6	6	6	6	6
Earl of Harrowby	5	6	6	6	6
Earl Ferrers	3	3	4	4	5
Earl of Limerick	3	3	3	3	3
Lord Windlesham	3	3	3	3	-
Earl of Stockton	1	1	1	-	-
Lord Swansea	1	1	-	-	-
Lord Middleton	1	-	-	-	-
7 Others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 48 Valid: 41 Quota: 21 Turnout: 41

After the retirement of the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein:

Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, October 2015^[32]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YLord Trevethin and Oaksey	10	11	11	11	12
Lord Aldington	6	6	6	6	7
Earl of Cork and Orrery	3	3	3	3	3
Lord Napier and Ettrick	3	3	3	3	-
Viscount Hood	2	2	2	-	-
Lord Vaux of Harrowden	1	1	-	-	-
Lord Clifford of Chudleigh	1	-	-	-	-
10 Others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 29 Valid: 26 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 26

After the death of the Lord Montagu of Beaulieu:

Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, October 2015^[33]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10
YLord Fairfax of Cameron	9	10	10	10	10	13	15	16	21	27
Earl of Harrowby	8	8	8	9	9	9	9	12	12	14
Lord Windlesham	7	7	7	7	7	8	9	9	10	-
Lord Colgrain	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	-	-
Lord de Ramsey	3	3	3	3	4	4	4	-	-	-
Marquess of Abergavenny	3	3	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-
Earl of Limerick	3	3	3	3	4	-	-	-	-	-
Earl of Stockton	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Ashcombe	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Earl Ferrers	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Middleton	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3 Others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 48 Valid: 44 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 22 Turnout: 44

2016

After the death of the Lord Avebury:

Liberal Democrat Hereditary Peers' By-Election, April 2016^[34]
Candidate	Count 1
YViscount Thurso	3
6 Others	0
Electorate: 3 Valid: 3 Spoilt: 0 Quota: Turnout: 3

Forthcoming by-elections

There are no forthcoming by-elections.

Historical by-elections

From the 1801 Act of Union to Irish independence, 28 representative peers were elected from and by the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords.^[35] Like current hereditary peers, these representative peers sat for life terms and deceased peers were replaced in by-elections. Unlike modern hereditary peer by-elections, all peers in the Peerage of Ireland, even those who did not sit in the House of Lords, were entitled to vote. Upon the creation of the Irish Free State, the officers required to officiate these by-elections were abolished and thus no more were held, but those peers already elected kept their seats for the remainder of their lives. The last to sit in the Lords was Francis Needham, 4th Earl of Kilmorey, who died in 1961.

For a list of Irish Peer by-election results, see List of Irish representative peers.

Also, from the 1707 Act of Union to the passing of the Peerage Act 1963, peers in the Peerage of Scotland elected sixteen representative peers to sit in the House of Lords. Unlike Irish peers, however, Scottish representative peers only sat for the duration of one parliament before facing re-election. By-elections were held in the Palace of Holyroodhouse to replace deceased peers. After the passing of the Peerage Act 1963, all Scottish peers were entitled to sit in the House of Lords and the election procedure was abolished.

References

↑ "Hansard, Vol 604 No 126 Cols 1290-1292". 1999-07-26. Retrieved 2008-05-19.
↑ "By-Elections in the House of Lords". Retrieved 15 November 2012. The by-election must take place within three months of any vacancy occurring.
↑ http://www.parliament.uk/documents/lords-information-office/holnotice20100601.pdf
↑ http://www.parliament.uk/business/news/2009/07/by-election-in-the-house-of-lords/
↑ http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld201011/ldelect/2/2.pdf
↑ "Lords by party and gender". UK Parliament. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
↑ "United Kingdom Election Results - House of Lords Act: Hereditary Peers By-Election, March 2003". Retrieved 7 March 2011.
1 2 http://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/offices/lords/house-of-lords-information-office/hoflpressnotice301003/
↑ "United Kingdom Election Results - House of Lords Act: Hereditary Peers Elections (scroll down page to section headed 'Labour')". Retrieved 16 January 2011.
↑ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, May 2004" (PDF). Retrieved 15 January 2011.
↑ "Liberal Democrat Hereditary Peers' By-Election, January 2005" (PDF). Retrieved 15 January 2011.
↑ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, March 2005" (PDF). Retrieved 15 January 2011.
↑ "Hereditary Peers' By-Election, March 2005" (PDF). Retrieved 15 January 2011.
↑ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, June 2005" (PDF). Retrieved 15 January 2011.
↑ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, March 2007" (PDF). Retrieved 11 January 2011.
↑ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, May 2008" (PDF). Retrieved 11 January 2011.
↑ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, July 2009" (PDF). Retrieved 10 January 2011.
↑ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, June 2010" (PDF). Retrieved 10 January 2011.
↑ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, June 2010" (PDF). Retrieved 10 January 2011.
↑ "Hereditary Peers' By-Election, March 2011" (PDF). Retrieved 24 March 2011.
↑ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, May 2011" (PDF). Retrieved 11 May 2011.
↑ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, July 2011" (PDF). Retrieved 20 July 2011.
↑ "Whole House by-election July 2011" (PDF). Retrieved 20 July 2011.
↑ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, February 2013" (PDF). Retrieved 6 February 2013.
↑ "Whole House by-election July 2013" (PDF). Retrieved 17 July 2013.
↑ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, April 2014" (PDF). Retrieved 9 April 2014.
↑ "Hereditary Peers' By-Election, October 2014" (PDF).
1 2 "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, December 2014" (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2014.
1 2 "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, February 2015" (PDF). Retrieved 3 February 2015.
↑ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, July 2015" (PDF). Retrieved 7 July 2015.
↑ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, September 2015" (PDF). Retrieved 16 September 2015.
↑ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, October 2015" (PDF). Retrieved 20 October 2015.
↑ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, October 2015" (PDF). Retrieved 24 October 2015.
↑ "Liberal Democrat Hereditary Peers' By-Election, April 2016" (PDF). Retrieved 20 April 2016.
↑ "About". Act of Union. Queen's University Belfast. Retrieved October 13, 2012.

By-elections in the United Kingdom

Parliament of the United Kingdom	1801–1806 1806–1818 1818–1832 1832–1847 1847–1857 1857–1868 1868–1885 1885–1900 1900–1918 1918–1931 1931–1950 1950–1979 1979–2010 2010– Hereditary peers

Parliament of Great Britain	1707–1715 1715–1734 1734–1754 1754–1774 1774–1790 1790–1800

Parliament of England	1689–1700 1701–1707

Other	Scottish Parliament National Assembly for Wales European Parliament House of Commons of Northern Ireland

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