CHODL

Chondrolectin
Identifiers
Symbols	CHODL ; C21orf68; MT75; PRED12
External IDs	OMIM: 607247 MGI: 2179069 HomoloGene: 11795 GeneCards: CHODL Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • hyaluronic acid binding • carbohydrate binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • integral component of membrane • perinuclear region of cytoplasm Biological process • muscle organ development • regulation of neuron projection development Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	140578	246048
Ensembl	ENSG00000154645	ENSMUSG00000022860
UniProt	Q9H9P2	Q9CXM0
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001204174	NM_139134
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001191103	NP_624360
Location (UCSC)	Chr 21: 17.9 – 18.27 Mb	Chr 16: 78.93 – 78.95 Mb
PubMed search

Chondrolectin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHODL gene.^[1][2] Mouse chondrolectin is encoded by Chodl.^[3]

Structure

Chondrolectin is a type I membrane protein with a carbohydrate recognition domain characteristic of C-type lectins in its extracellular portion.^[1][3] In other proteins, this domain is involved in endocytosis of glycoproteins and exogenous sugar-bearing pathogens.^[4] This protein has been shown to localise to the perinucleus.^[1][5][6]

Function

The exact function of chondrolectin is unknown but it has been show to be a marker of fast motor neurons in mice,^[6] and is involved in motor neuron development and growth in zebrafish (danio rerio).^[7] Furthermore, human chondrolectin has been shown to localise to motor neurons within the spinal cord.^[8]

Clinical significance

Chondrolectin is alternatively spliced in the spinal cord of mouse models^[9] of the neuromuscular disease, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which predominantly affects lower motor neurons.^[8] Increased levels of chondrolectin in a zebrafish model of SMA results in significant improvements in disease-related motor neuron defects.^[10]

References

1. Weng L, Smits P, Wauters J, Merregaert J (Jun 2002). "Molecular cloning and characterization of human chondrolectin, a novel type I transmembrane protein homologous to C-type lectins". Genomics 80 (1): 62–70. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6806. PMID 12079284.
2. "Entrez Gene: CHODL chondrolectin".
3. Weng L, Hübner R, Claessens A, Smits P, Wauters J, Tylzanowski P, Van Marck E, Merregaert J (Apr 2003). "Isolation and characterization of chondrolectin (Chodl), a novel C-type lectin predominantly expressed in muscle cells". Gene 308: 21–29. doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(03)00425-6. PMID 12711387.
4. Zelensky AN, Gready JE (Dec 2005). "The C-type lectin-like domain superfamily". FEBS J 272 (24): 6179–6217. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.05031.x. PMID 16336259.
5. Claessens A, Van de Vijver K, Van Bockstaele DR, Wauters J, Berneman ZN, Van Marck E, Merregaert J (Nov 2007). "Expression and localization of CHODLDeltaE/CHODLfDeltaE, the soluble isoform of chondrolectin". Cell Biol Int 31 (11): 1323–1330. doi:10.1016/j.cellbi.2007.05.014. PMID 17606388.
6. Enjin A, Rabe N, Nakanishi ST, Vallstedt A, Gezelius H, Memic F, Lind M, Hjalt T, Tourtellotte WG, Bruder C, Eichele G, Whelan PJ, Kullander K (Jun 2010). "Identification of novel spinal cholinergic genetic subtypes disclose Chodl and Pitx2 as markers for fast motor neurons and partition cells.". J Comp Neurol 518 (12): 2284–2304. doi:10.1002/cne.22332. PMID 20437528.
7. Zhong, Z.; Ohnmacht, J.; Reimer, M. M.; Bach, I.; Becker, T.; Becker, C. G. (2012). "Chondrolectin Mediates Growth Cone Interactions of Motor Axons with an Intermediate Target". Journal of Neuroscience 32 (13): 4426–4439. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5179-11.2012. PMID 22457492.
8. Bäumer D, Lee S, Nicholson G, Davies JL, Parkinson NJ, Murray LM, Gillingwater TH, Ansorge O, Davies KE, Talbot K (Dec 2009). "Alternative splicing events are a late feature of pathology in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy". PLoS Genet 5 (12): e1000773. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000773. PMC 2787017. PMID 20019802.
9. Sleigh JN, Gillingwater TH, Talbot K (Aug 2011). "The contribution of mouse models to understanding the pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy". Dis Model Mech 4 (4): 457–467. doi:10.1242/dmm.007245. PMC 3124050. PMID 21708901.
10. Sleigh JN, Barreiro-Iglesias A, Oliver PL, Biba A, Becker T, Davies KE, Becker CG, Talbot K (Sep 2013). "Chondrolectin affects cell survival and neuronal outgrowth in in vitro and in vivo models of spinal muscular atrophy". Hum Mol Genet 23 (4): 855–69. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt477. PMID 24067532.

Further reading

• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T; et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E; et al. (2003). "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID 12975309.
• Weng L, Van Bockstaele DR, Wauters J; et al. (2003). "A novel alternative spliced chondrolectin isoform lacking the transmembrane domain is expressed during T cell maturation.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (21): 19164–70. doi:10.1074/jbc.M300653200. PMID 12621022.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Reymond A, Friedli M, Henrichsen CN; et al. (2002). "From PREDs and open reading frames to cDNA isolation: revisiting the human chromosome 21 transcription map.". Genomics 78 (1-2): 46–54. doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6640. PMID 11707072.
• Hattori M, Fujiyama A, Taylor TD; et al. (2000). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21.". Nature 405 (6784): 311–9. doi:10.1038/35012518. PMID 10830953.