Cabinet of Myanmar
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The Cabinet of Myanmar is the executive body of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar led by the President of Myanmar.
Qualifications
The Constitution of Myanmar stipulates that Union Ministers must be a Burmese citizen who has been living in the country for at least ten consecutive years:[1]
- persons who have attained the age of 40 years;
- persons who have qualifications, with the exception of the age limit, prescribed in Section 120 for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;
- persons whose qualification does not breach the provisions under Section 121 which disqualify a person from standing for election as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;
- persons loyal to the Union and its citizens
The Commander-in-Chief appoints the Ministers of Defence, Home Affairs and Border Affairs, selecting candidates from within the Defence Services (Tatmadaw), while the President appoints the remainder.[1]
The President also appoints the Deputy Ministers of the respective ministries, following the same qualifications as those of Union Ministers, with the exception of age (35 years, instead of 40).
Htin Kyaw's First Cabinet (April 2016–present)
The Cabinet was sworn in on 30 March 2016 at the Assembly of the Union in Naypyidaw, after being appointed by President Htin Kyaw, after the opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) won a majority in both chambers of the parliament. Under the constitution, three ministers - of Border Affairs, Defence and Home Affairs - are appointed by the National Defence and Security Council. The remaining 15 ministers were appointed by Htin Kyaw and included a majority from the NLD, but also two members of the former ruling party, the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) and a number of independents.[2]
| Office | Name | Party | Term |
|---|---|---|---|
| State Counsellor | Aung San Suu Kyi | NLD | 6 April 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation | Aung Thu | NLD | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Border Affairs | Ye Aung, Lt. Gen. | Mil | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Commerce | Than Myint | NLD | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Construction | Win Khaing | Ind | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Defence | Sein Win, Lt. Gen. | Mil | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Education | Aung San Suu Kyi | NLD | 30 March 2016 – 6 April 2016 |
| Myo Thein Gyi | 6 April 2016 – Incumbent | ||
| Minister of Electric Power and Energy | Aung San Suu Kyi | NLD | 30 March 2016 – 6 April 2016 |
| Pe Zin Tun | 6 April 2016 – Incumbent | ||
| Minister of Ethnic Affairs | Naing Thet Lwin | MNP | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Aung San Suu Kyi | NLD | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Health | Myint Htwe | Ind | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Home Affairs | Kyaw Swe, Lt. Gen. | Mil | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Hotels and Tourism | Ohn Maung | Ind | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Industry | Khin Maung Cho | Ind | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Information | Pe Myint | Ind | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Labour, Immigration and Population | Thein Swe | USDP | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation | Ohn Win | Ind | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Planning and Finance | Kyaw Win | NLD | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Religious Affairs and Culture | Aung Ko | USDP | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement | Win Myat Aye | NLD | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of Transport and Communications | Thant Sin Maung | NLD | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Minister of the President's Office | Aung San Suu Kyi | NLD | 30 March 2016 – Incumbent |
| Union Auditor General | Maw Than | 6 April 2016 – Incumbent | |
| Union Attorney-General | Htun Htun Oo | 6 April 2016 – Incumbent |
Thein Sein's First Cabinet resignations (August 2015)
On 12 August 2015, Minister Tin Naing Thein, Myat Hein, Khin Yi and Than Htay, who will be competing in the November 8 election had resigned, and Lt-Gen Wai Lwin and Lt-Gen Thet Naing Win had moved to their former military responsibilities, replaced by Lt-Gen Sein Win and Lt-Gen Kyaw Swe.[3]
Thein Sein's First Cabinet (July 2014–August 2015)
Thein Sein's First Cabinet dismissal and resignations (June–July 2014)
On 19 June 2014, Hsan Sint was dismissed from the office of Minister of Religious Affairs and brought to court for corruption. He is the first Minister dismissed openly. He was succeeded by Soe Win, Deputy Minister for Religious Affairs and former Deputy Minister for Ministry of Information.[6] Minister for Information Aung Kyi and Minister for Health Pe Thet Khin were allowed to resign on 29 July 2014.[7] They are succeeded by Ye Htut and Than Aung, Deputy Ministers.[8]
Thein Sein's First Cabinet reshuffle (September 2012–February 2013)
On 4 September 2012, Pyidaungsu Hluttaw approved the government's reshuffle of ministries, increasing the number to 36, including six ministers located in the President's Office. The President approved the resignation of Zaw Min, Union Minister for Electric Power-1, and Khin Maung Myint, Union Minister for Construction. The President also approved the resignation of Union Auditor-General Lun Maung on 28 August. Thein Hteik, Union Minister for Mines, was appointed as Union Auditor-General, and Lt-Gen Wai Lwin of the Office of Commander-in-Chief (Army) as Union Defence Minister. Wai Lwin was replaced Lt-Gen Hla Min, who was reassigned to the military.[9] During the government's major cabinet reshuffle, nine ministers have been reassigned, mainly with four transferred to the President's Office and one, Aung Kyi, named as the new Minister for Information, replacing Kyaw Hsan, who was transferred to the Ministry of Cooperatives as minister. In the present reformation of the cabinet, Ministries of Electric Power No. 1 and 2 were combined into one as the Ministry of Electric Power, while the Ministry of Industrial Development was abolished.[10][11]
On 16 January 2013, Minister for Communications and Information Technology, Thein Tun and Minister for Religious Affairs, Thura Myint Maung abruptly resigned. Thein Tun was the first government minister known to have been investigated for corruption under the new government. San Sint, Speaker of Ayeyarwaddy Regional Hluttaw succeed Thura Myint Maung later. On 13 February 2013, former Commander-in-Chief of air force, General Myat Hein become minister for Communications and Information Technology.[5]
This appointments serve as a reminder that most ministers in the government are former officers who played a role in the previous military junta. Since taking office in 2011, the reformist president, who is himself a former general, has selected former senior military officers into government as it simply continues the flawed practices of past military rule, and given only a handful of posts to people without a military background.[12]
Thein Sein's First Cabinet (March 2011)
The Cabinet was sworn in on 30 March 2011 at the Hluttaw complex in Naypyidaw, after being appointed by President Thein Sein.[13] Four ministers, namely of the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Border Affairs were nominated by Commander-in-Chief Than Shwe.[14] Two ministries, the Ministry of the President's Office and the Ministry of Industrial Development were created by the Hluttaw (Parliament) on 9 February 2011.[14]
The overwhelming majority of Ministers are Union Solidarity and Development Party members of parliament or military officers affiliated with the former State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), and four are civilians.[15] 12 have previously held ministerial posts, while another 7 have held deputy ministerial posts during the SPDC administration. 3 are former regional army commanders. On 10 August 2011, the cabinet was reshuffled, with Kyaw Swa Khaing, previously the Minister of Industry No. 1 (with Minister of Industry No. 2, Soe Thein, concurrently becoming head of the Ministry of Industry-1), appointed as co-Minister of the President's Office.[16]
| Ministry | Minister Name | Party | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Home Affairs | Ko Ko | Military | former SPDC Chief of the Bureau of Special Operations-3 |
| Ministry of Defence | Hla Min | Military | former SPDC Southern Command Commander |
| Ministry of Border Affairs | Thein Htay | Military | former SPDC Deputy Minister of Defence, Vice-Chief of Ordinance, and Chief of Military Ordinance |
| Ministry of Industrial Development | |||
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Wunna Maung Lwin | Military | former Ambassador to the United Nations (2007-2011) |
| Ministry of Information | Kyaw Hsan | Military | former SPDC Minister of Information and Brigadier General |
| Ministry of Culture | |||
| Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation | Myint Hlaing | USDP | former SPDC Northeast Command Commander and Air Force Chief of Staff |
| Ministry of Commerce | Wunna Kyawhtin Win Myint | USDP | former President of Union of the Myanmar Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry |
| Ministry of Construction | Khin Maung Myint | USDP | former SPDC Minister of Electric Power-2, Minister of Construction and Major General |
| Ministry of Hotels and Tourism | Tint Hsan | USDP | |
| Ministry of Sports | |||
| Ministry of Communications, Posts and Telegraphs | Thein Tun | USDP | former SPDC Deputy Minister for Communications, Posts and Telegraphs and Major General |
| Ministry of Finance and Revenue | Hla Tun | USDP | former SPDC Minister of Finance and Revenue and Major General |
| Ministry of Mines | Thein Htaik | USDP | former Lieutenant General |
| Ministry of Transport | Nyan Tun Aung | USDP | former SPDC Deputy Minister of Transport |
| Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development | Tin Naing Thein | USDP | former SPDC Minister of Livestock and Fisheries and Brigadier General |
| Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries | |||
| Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry | Win Tun | Military | former SPDC Minister of Forestry Director |
| Ministry of Labor | Aung Kyi | USDP | former SPDC Minister of Labor |
| Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement | |||
| Ministry of Cooperatives | Ohn Myint | USDP | former SPDC Bureau of Special Operations-6, Northern Command Commander and Lieutenant General |
| Ministry of Industry | Soe Thein | USDP | former SPDC Minister of Industry-2 and Lieutenant-Genera |
| Ministry of Energy | Than Htay | USDP | former SPDC Deputy Minister of Energy |
| Ministry of Rail Transportation | Aung Min | USDP | former SPDC Minister of Rail Transportation |
| Ministry of Education | Mya Aye | – | former rector of the University of Medicine, Mandalay |
| Ministry of Religious Affairs | Myint Maung | USDP | former SPDC Minister of Religious Affairs |
| Ministry of Immigration and Population | Khin Yi | Military | former SPDC Brigadier General, Chief of National Police, and SPDC Deputy Minister of Home Affairs |
| Ministry of Electric Power-1 | Zaw Min | USDP | former SPDC Minister of Electric Power-1 and Colonel |
| Ministry of Electric Power-2 | Khin Maung Soe | – | former Chairman of the Yangon City Electric Power Supply Board |
| Ministry of Science and Technology | Aye Myint | USDP | former SPDC Minister of Sports, Deputy Minister of Defence, and Major General |
| Ministry of President's Office | Soe Maung Thein Nyunt Kyaw Swa Khaing | USDP USDP USDP | former Lieutenant General, Judge Advocate General, and Military Judge General former SPDC Minister of Progress of Border Areas, National Races and Development Affairs and Mayor of Naypyidaw (2006-2011) SPDC Deputy Minister of Industry-2 and General |
| Ministry of Health | Pe Thet Khin | – | Former rector at University of Medicine 1, Yangon |
Soe Win's First Cabinet reshuffle (May 2006)
On 15 May 2006 the cabinet was reshuffled. The changes were:[18]
| Ministry | Changes |
|---|---|
| Culture | Major-General Kyi Aung retired Major-General Khin Aung Myint appointed |
| Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement and Immigration and Population | Major-General Sein Htwa retired Major-General Maung Maung Swe appointed |
| Hotels and Tourism | Major-General Soe Naing appointed |
| Electric Power | Major-General Tin Htut reassigned Divided into two Ministries |
| Electric Power-1 | Colonel Zaw Min appointed |
| Electric Power-2 | Major-General Khin Maung Myint appointed |
| Cooperative | Colonel Zaw Min reassigned Major-General Tin Htut appointed |
Than Shwe's Second Cabinet reshuffle (September 2002)
On 14 September 2002 a minor cabinet reshuffle was reported:[19]
| Ministry | Changes |
|---|---|
| Information | Major-General Kyi Aung reassigned Brigadier-General Kyaw Hsan appointed |
| Culture | Minister of Labor Tin Win, concurrently Minister of Culture since November 2001, relieved Major-General Kyi Aung appointed |
| Hotels and Tourism | Major-General Saw Lwin dismissed Minister of Communications, Posts and Telegraphs Brigadier-General Thein Zaw assigned concurrently |
| Prime Minister's Office | Major-General Tin Ngwe dismissed |
Than Shwe's Second Cabinet (October 1999)
On 30 October 1999, the State Peace and Development Council issued a proclamation replacing Ohn Gyaw with Win Aung, the Burmese ambassador to the United Kingdom.[20]
| Office | Minister |
|---|---|
| Ministry of Sports | Aung Khin |
| Ministry of Commerce | Pyi Son |
| Ministry of Social Welfare | Sein Htwa |
| Ministry of Religious Affairs | Aye Myint |
Than Shwe's Second Cabinet (November 1998)
On 14 November 1998, the State Peace and Development Council issued a proclamation replacing Ohn Gyaw with Win Aung, the Burmese ambassador to the United Kingdom.[21][22]
| Office | Predecessor | Successor |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Ohn Gyaw | Win Aung |
| Minister of the Prime Minister's Office | Tin Ngwe | |
| Minister of Transport | Hla Myint Swe | |
| Ministry of Industry-2 | ||
Than Shwe's Second Cabinet (December 1997)
On 21 December 1997, the State Peace and Development Council announced a cabinet reshufflement:[23]
| Office | Minister |
|---|---|
| Office of the Chairman of the SPDC | David Abel |
| Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development | Soe Tha |
| Ministry of Finance | Khin Maung Thein |
| Ministry of Communications, Posts and Telegraphs | |
| Ministry of Finance and Revenue | |
| Ministry of Energy |
Than Shwe's Second Cabinet (November 1997)
On 15 November 1997 the State Peace and Development Council issued a proclamation naming the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Ministers and Ministers in the government. They were:[24]
| Office | Minister |
|---|---|
| Prime Minister | Senior General Than Shwe |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Rear-Admiral Maung Maung Khin |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Lieutenant General Tin Tun |
| Ministry of Defence | Senior General Than Shwe |
| Ministry of Military Affairs | Lieutenant General Tin Hla |
| Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation | Major General Nyunt Tin |
| Ministry of Industry-1 | U Aung Thaung |
| Ministry of Industry-2 | Major General Hla Myint Swe |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | U Ohn Gyaw |
| Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development | Brigadier General David Abel |
| Ministry of Transport | Lieutenant General Tin Ngwe |
| Ministry of Labour | Vice-Admiral Tin Aye |
| Ministry of Co-operatives | U Than Aung |
| Ministry of Rail Transportation | U Win Sein |
| Ministry of Energy | U Khin Maung Thein |
| Ministry of Education | U Pan Aung |
| Ministry of Health | Major General Ket Sein |
| Ministry of Trade & Commerce | Major General Kyaw Than |
| Ministry of Hotels & Tourism | Major General Saw Lwin |
| Ministry of Communications, Posts & Telegraphs | U Soe Tha |
| Ministry of Finance & Revenue | Brigadier-General Win Tin |
| Ministry of Religious Affairs | Major General Sein Htwa |
| Ministry of Construction | Major General Saw Tun |
| Ministry of Science & Technology | U Thaung |
| Ministry of Culture | U Aung San |
| Ministry of Immigration & Population | U Saw Tun |
| Ministry of Information | Major General Kyi Aung |
| Ministry of Progress of Border Areas & National Races and Development Affairs | Colonel Thein Nyunt |
| Ministry of Electric Power | Major General Tin Htut |
| Ministry of Sports | Brigadier-General Sein Win |
| Ministry of Forestry | U Aung Phone |
| Ministry of Home Affairs | Colonel Tin Hlaing |
| Ministry of Mines | Brigadier-General Ohn Myint |
| Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief & Resettlement | Brigadier-General Pyi Sone |
| Ministry of Livestock Breeding & Fisheries | Brigadier-General Maung Maung Thein |
| Office of The Chairman of The State Peace and Development Council | Lieutenant General Min Thein |
| Office of The Chairman of The State Peace and Development Council | Brigadier-General Maung Maung |
| Office of The Prime Minister | Brigadier-General Lun Maung |
| Office of The Prime Minister | U Than Shwe |
| Office of The Prime Minister | Major General Tin Ngwe |
Than Shwe's First Cabinet reshuffle (17 June 1995)
On 17 June 1995 the cabinet was reshuffled, increasing the cabinet size and the number of military people with ministerial positions:[25]
| Ministry | Changes |
|---|---|
| Construction | Khin Maung Yin reassigned to Deputy Prime Minister's office Major-General Saw Tun assigned |
| Light industry | Than Shwe reaasigned to Prime Minister's office Major-General Kyaw Than assigned |
| Immigration and population | New ministry: Lieutenant-General Maung Hla appointed |
| Information | Brigadier-General Myo Thant reassigned to SLORC Chairman's office Major-General Aye Kyaw assigned |
| Social welfare, relief and resettlement | Major-General Soe Myin assigned |
| SLORC Chairman's office | Lieutenant-General Min Thein assigned as a minister |
The outgoing Minister of Social welfare, relief and resettlement was appointed Minister of Culture, and the Minister of Culture was reassigned to the security management committee.
References
- 1 2 "Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008)" full text in English from Burma Library, last accessed 5 October 2010
- ↑ http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/22/aung-san-suu-kyi-to-hold-a-ministry-in-myanmars-government
- ↑ "Top ministers resign". Eleven. 13 August 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- 1 2 https://web.archive.org/20121113170332/http://www.myanmar.com/newspaper/nlm/Feb14_02.html. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2013. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - 1 2 3 Latt, Win Ko Ko (11 February 2013). "Air Force boss to take over telecoms". The Myanmar Times. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ↑ "MPs agree on religious affairs minister replacement". www.mmtimes.com. Ei Ei Toe Lwin. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
- ↑ "Myanmar information and health ministers step down | Mail Online". Dailymail.co.uk. Associated Press. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
- ↑ "Who is Ye Htut?". The Nation. 31 July 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/20120913060230/http://www.elevenmyanmar.com:80/politics/627-thein-sein-proposes-to-scrap-ministries. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2012. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "BBC News – Burma president announces cabinet reshuffle". Bbc.co.uk. 27 August 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/20120906062313/http://mizzima.com/news/inside-burma/7933-parliament-approves-ministry-realignments.html. Archived from the original on 6 September 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2012. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Nyein, Nyein (14 February 2013). "Former Generals to Run Burma's Telecoms, Border Affairs Ministries". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
- ↑ Wai Moe (29 March 2011). "Thein Sein and Cabinet Scheduled to be Sworn in on Wednesday". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
- 1 2 Ahunt Phone Myat (9 February 2011). "Major government overhaul underway". Democratic Voice of Burma. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
- ↑ "Correction: Myanmar President Forms 30-member Cabinet". RTT News. 9 February 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
- ↑ Thein Sein (10 August 2011). "Union Minister Reshuffled" (PDF). New Light of Myanmar. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ↑ "REGIME WATCH > CABINET". Alternative Asean Network on Burma. 10 August 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
- ↑ "Myanmar makes first government cabinet reshuffle since move of capital". People's Daily. 16 May 2006. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
- ↑ "Myanmar reshuffles cabinet". Xinhua. 14 September 2002. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
- ↑ "Cabinet reshuffle in Burma". Reuters. 30 October 1999. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
- ↑ "Myanmar announces cabinet reshuffle". Reuters. 14 November 1998. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
- ↑ "Myanmar cabinet changes aim to polish image". Reuters. 15 November 1998. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
- ↑ "Burma Cabinet Change Aims Govt Image". Reuters. 21 December 1997. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
- ↑ "The State Peace and Development Council Proclamation (Proclamation No. 2/97)". 15 November 1997. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
- ↑ "SLORC CABINET RESHUFFLES". SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST. 17 June 1995. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
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