Government of Lithuania

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Government of the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybė) is the cabinet of Lithuania, exercising executive power in the country. Among other responsibilities, it executes laws and resolutions of the parliament, the Seimas, and the decrees of the President, manages state property and, together with the President, executes the foreign policy of the country. The Government also has the right of legislative initiative, puts together the state budget and presents it to the Seimas for approval.

The Government consists of the Prime Minister, who is the head of government, and 14 government ministers.

The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, with the assent of the Seimas. The Prime Minister then forms the rest of the cabinet, with the assent of the President, and the Government and its programme are subject to approval by the Seimas.

The current Government, the 16th Government since the independence in 1990, started work in December 2012 and is headed by Algirdas Butkevičius as the Prime Minister. Social Democratic Party of Lithuania, Labour Party and Order and Justice form the government.

Government mandate

The Government of the Republic of Lithuania exercises executive power in Lithuania. The powers of the Government are defined by the Constitution and laws of Lithuania.[1][2]

The Government has the responsibility to administer the affairs of the country, ensure its security and public order. It executes laws and resolutions of the Seimas as well as the decrees of the President. The government coordinates the activities of the ministries and other subordinate institutions, establishes, abolishes and controls government agencies, and submits proposals to the Seimas to establish and abolish ministries.[3] The government disposes of the property of the state and establishes procedures for its management and use.

The Government, along with the Seimas and the President, has the right of legislative initiative in Lithuania. The government prepares draft laws and presents them to the Seimas for consideration. The government also prepares a draft budget and submits it to the Seimas. The Government executes the budget approved by the Seimas.

In foreign affairs, the government establishes diplomatic ties and maintains relations with foreign states and international organizations. The Government shares the responsibility for managing the foreign affairs of the country with the President. The Government proposes and the President approves Lithuania's diplomatic representatives to foreign states and international institutions.

In local government, the Government appoints representatives to the municipalities to monitor whether the municipalities comply with the Constitution and laws of Lithuania and the orders of the Government.

The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, with the assent of the Seimas. Likewise, the ministers are proposed by the Prime Minister and appointed by the President. Within 15 days of the appointment, the Prime Minister presents the Government and its programme to the Seimas for consideration. The Government receives its mandate after the Seimas gives assent to its programme in a majority vote.

The Government is responsible to the Seimas for its activities. Likewise, the ministers are responsible to the Seimas and the President. The Government presents to the Seimas an annual report on its activities[4] and reports to the Seimas on the execution of the budget. Upon the request of the Seimas, the Government or individual ministers must give an account of their activities. The Government is also obliged to inform the public about their activities through the internet and other media, or through meetings with the people.

The Government returns its mandate to the President after the Seimas elections or the elections of the President, or upon the resignation of the Government. The return of the mandate after the elections of the President is largely ceremonial and allows the newly elected head of state to verify that the Government still has the confidence of the Seimas.[5] The Government is obliged to resign when the Seimas twice declines to give its assent to the programme of the newly-formed Government, when the Seimas, in a majority secret ballot, expresses no-confidence in the Government or the Prime Minister, when the Prime Minister resigns or dies, or when a new government is formed after the elections to the Seimas. If the Seimas expresses no-confidence in the Government, the Government may propose to the President to hold a new election to the Seimas.

The President of Lithuania accepts the resignation of individual ministers. Ministers must resign when the Seimas, in a majority secret ballot, express no-confidence in them. When more than half of the ministers are changed, the Government must seek a renewed mandate from the Seimas or resign.

Structure

The government of the Republic of Lithuania consists of the Prime Minister and the ministers. The Prime Minister represents the Government and heads its activities. When the Prime Minister is not available or unable to hold office, the President may charge one of the ministers to substitute for the Prime Minister for no more than 60 days.[4]

A minister heads his respective ministry, resolving issues belonging to the competence area of the ministry and discharging other functions provided for by law. Ministers act directly subordinate to the Prime Minister. Another member of the Government, appointed by the Prime Minister, may temporarily substitute for a Minister.

Ministries

Ministries are the structures that allow the ministers to manage the fields assigned to them.[4][6] Ministries are established as public legal persons and are financed from the state budget.

There are 14 ministries in Lithuania:

Ministry Area of responsibility
Ministry of Agriculture Agriculture, food industry and fisheries.[7]
Ministry of Culture Cultural and public information policies, copyright, libraries, museums and galleries, ethnic and regional culture and national minorities, cultural education and reading promotion, preserving and digitizing cultural heritage, literature and publishing, music, theatre, visual arts and film.[8]
Ministry of Economy Business environment, investment, export, innovation, state-owned enterprises, EU structural support, public procurement, tourism.[9]
Ministry of Education and Science Formal and non-formal education, science and studies.[10]
Ministry of Energy Fuel, electricity, thermo-energy production and supply.[11]
Ministry of Environment Environmental protection, forestry, utilization of natural resources, geology and hydrometeorology, territorial planning, construction, provision of residents with housing, utilities and housing.[12]
Ministry of Finance Budget, taxation, state debt management, financial services, accounting and reporting, internal audit and internal control, renewal of the state-owned immovable property and Public and Private Partnership.[13]
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Foreign relations and diplomatic network, consular services, international organizations, strategic international projects.[14]
Ministry of Health Health care services, public health, health insurance, patient rights, pharmacy.[15]
Ministry of the Interior Public safety, state border protection, state aid during emergencies and civil protection, migration, reform of the public administration and state governance system, development of local governance, regional development.[16]
Ministry of Justice Legislative process, registers, legal institutions, legal professions, criminal justice, registration of political parties, regulation of religious communities and associations, registration of civil status, civil disputes, protection of industrial property, forensics, consumer rights, compensation to violent crime victims.[17]
Ministry of National Defence National defence system, including policy, training, management, military service and mobilization, intelligence and counterintelligence, international co-operation of institutions of the national defence system, military standardization.[18]
Ministry of Social Security and Labour Family and children, social integration, labor and employment, social insurance, gender equality, youth policy.[19]
Ministry of Transport and Communications Roads and road transport, rail transport, water transport, air transport, traffic safety, transit and logistics, transport environment and transport of dangerous goods, transport accident and incident investigation, information society development, electronic communications, post.[20]

Institutions under the Government

Government agencies are established to participate in the shaping of a policy and to implement such policy. Government agencies are public legal bodies financed from the state budget.

Government agencies and institutions accountable to the government are:[21]

Government operations

Lithuanian Government building in Vilnius

The Government resolves the affairs of state at its sittings by adopting resolutions by majority vote of all the members of the Government. The Auditor General may also participate in the sittings of the Government. Minutes are taken and audio recordings are made of Government sittings, however, the government sittings have not been universally publicly broadcast.[22]

A Government resolution adopted in a sitting is signed by the Prime Minister and the Minister of the corresponding branch of the Government.

The Prime Minister and the ministers are also entitled to attend the sittings of the Seimas, its Committees, Commissions and parliamentary groups, and to convey their opinion on the issues under consideration.

The Prime Minister and the ministers may not hold any other offices (except being members of the Seimas), may not be employed in business, commercial and other private establishments or enterprises, and may not receive any remuneration other than the salary for their respective Government offices. The members of the Government can, however, receive remuneration for creative activities.

The Office of the Government supports the Government in performing Government's and Prime Minister's functions. The Office of the Government is headed by the Chancellor of the Government.[23]

Current government

Algirdas Butkevičius has served as the Prime Minister since December 2012

In December 2012 Algirdas Butkevičius, the leader of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania, was appointed the Prime Minister of the 16th government of the Republic of Lithuania since the restoration of independence in 1990. The Government was formed after the elections to Seimas in October 2012 and the subsequent coalition agreement between the Social Democrats, Labor Party, Order and Justice and the Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania.[24] The latter party, which had been allocated the Ministry of Energy, later withdrew from the Government.[25]

The following ministers are members of the Butkevičius Cabinet):[26]

Position Name Party
Ministry of Agriculture Virginija Baltraitienė Labour Party
Ministry of Culture Šarūnas Birutis Labour Party
Ministry of Economy Evaldas Gustas Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
Ministry of Education and Science Audronė Pitrėnienė Labour Party
Ministry of Energy Rokas Masiulis Independent
Ministry of Environment Kęstutis Trečiokas Order and Justice
Ministry of Finance Rimantas Šadžius Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Linas Antanas Linkevičius Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
Ministry of Health Rimantė Šalaševičiūtė Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
Ministry of the Interior Tomas Žilinskas Independent
Ministry of Justice Juozas Bernatonis Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
Ministry of National Defence Juozas Olekas Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
Ministry of Social Security and Labour Algimanta Pabedinskienė Labour Party
Ministry of Transport and Communications Rimantas Sinkevičius Social Democratic Party of Lithuania

Previous governments

The current government of Lithuania is the 16th since the declaration of independence on 11 March 1990.

Kazimiera Prunskienė, the first Prime Minister of independent Lithuania

Kazimiera Prunskienė became the first Prime Minister of newly independent Lithuania, appointed by the Supreme Council on 17 March 1990, although the law governing the mandate of the government was only adopted on the 22 March.[27] Her government resigned less than a year later and was followed by those of Albertas Šimėnas, Gediminas Vagnorius, Aleksandras Abišala. These early governments were primarily occupied with ensuring the diplomatic recognition and economic support for the new country and managing tensions with the Soviet Union.[28]

Following the first election to the Seimas, Democratic Labor Party of Lithuania formed the government headed by Bronislovas Lubys, a prominent industrialist, who headed the government until the first presidential election and was followed by Adolfas Šleževičius.[29] His government was mainly preoccupied with ensuring the monetary stability of the country, following years of high inflation. Šleževičius was forced to resign in February 1996, amid a row regarding a deposit he had withdrawn from a local bank just days before its collapse.[30] Laurynas Stankevičius was appointed in his stead.

The 1996 parliamentary election was won by the Homeland Union. The government was formed by the Homeland Union and Lithuanian Christian Democrats, with Gediminas Vagnorius appointed as the Prime Minister for the second time. In spring 2009, the Government survived the vote of no-confidence in the Seimas, but resigned shortly thereafter,[31] with the popular then-mayor of Vilnius Rolandas Paksas appointed to the post of Prime Minister. His government lasted only 5 months, before he publicly renounced and refused to sign the privatization agreement for Mazeikiu Nafta oil refinery, resigning as a result.[32] Andrius Kubilius served as the prime minister from November 1999 until the next election to Seimas in October 2000.

The election resulted in Rolandas Paksas, now part of Liberal Union of Lithuania, serving as the Prime Minister for the second time. His government, formed together with New Union (Social Liberals), lasted only seven months before being brought down by disagreements within the coalition.[32] New Union then joined the Government together with Social Democratic Party of Lithuania, with former president Algirdas Brazauskas as the Prime Minister.

Algirdas Brazauskas served as the Prime Minister from 2001 to 2006

Algirdas Brazauskas became the first Prime Minister of Lithuania to remain in power after the election to Seimas in 2004, forming the minority 13th Government with New Union and Labour Party. The Government resigned in May 2006, citing difficulties in working with the opposition.[33] Gediminas Kirkilas served as the Prime Minister until the next election to the Seimas in 2008.[34]

The coalition of Homeland Union, Liberal Movement, Liberal and Centre Union and the short-lived National Resurrection Party formed the 15th government of Lithuania, with Andrius Kubilius as the Prime Minister for the second time. Despite the deep economic crisis and taking unpopular decisions, his Government became the first Lithuanian government to last the full term of the parliament.[35]

Government Prime Minister Party of the Prime Minister Term Started
1st Government Kazimiera Prunskienė Sąjūdis 17 March 1990
2nd Government Albertas Šimėnas Sąjūdis 10 January 1991
3rd Government Gediminas Vagnorius Sąjūdis 13 January 1991
4th Government Aleksandras Abišala Independent 21 July 1992
5th Government Bronislovas Lubys Independent (endorsed by Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania) 12 December 1992
6th Government Adolfas Šleževičius Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania 10 March 1993
7th Government Laurynas Stankevičius Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania 23 February 1996
8th Government Gediminas Vagnorius Homeland Union 4 December 1996
9th Government Rolandas Paksas Homeland Union 1 June 1999
10th Government Andrius Kubilius Homeland Union 3 November 1999
11th Government Rolandas Paksas Liberal Union of Lithuania 27 October 2000
12th Government Algirdas Brazauskas Social Democratic Party of Lithuania 4 July 2001
13th Government Algirdas Brazauskas Social Democratic Party of Lithuania 29 November 2004
14th Government Gediminas Kirkilas Social Democratic Party of Lithuania 6 July 2006
15th Government Andrius Kubilius Homeland Union 28 November 2008
Sources: Lithuanian Government,[36] Zárate's Political Collections,[37] Wolfram Nordsieck[38]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania". Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  2. ↑ "Government`s Constitutional Obligations". Government of the Republic of Lithuania. 23 July 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  3. ↑ "Government". Government of the Republic of Lithuania. 30 June 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 "Law on the Government". Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. 17 January 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  5. ↑ Samoškaitė, Eglė (15 July 2014). "A. Butkevičius iš naujo paskirtas premjeru" [A. Butkevičius is re-appointed as the Prime Minister] (in Lithuanian). Delfi.lt. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  6. ↑ "Ministries". Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  7. ↑ "About the ministry". Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  8. ↑ "Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania". Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  9. ↑ "Management". Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Lithuania. 16 March 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  10. ↑ "Activities". Ministry of Education and Science. 2 August 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  11. ↑ "History". Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Lithuania. 27 July 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  12. ↑ "Mission of the Ministry of Environment". Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania. 20 January 2002. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  13. ↑ "Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Lithuania". Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  14. ↑ "About Us". Ministry of FOreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania. 28 October 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  15. ↑ "Strategic Goals". Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  16. ↑ "About the ministry". Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  17. ↑ "Competence areas". Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Lithuania. 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  18. ↑ "Areas of Competence". Ministry of National Defence Republic of Lithuania. 5 April 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  19. ↑ "Range of Activities". Ministry of Social Security and Labour. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  20. ↑ "Ministry of Transport and Communications". Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  21. ↑ "Agencies". Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  22. ↑ "Nutrauktos Vyriausybės posėdžių transliacijos" [Broadcasts of the Government sittings are canceled] (in Lithuanian). Delfi.lt. 2 August 2001. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  23. ↑ "Office of the Government>Mission". Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  24. ↑ Jančys, Artūras (13 December 2012). "16-oji Lietuvos Vyriausybė pradeda darbą (papildyta)" [The 16th Government of Lithuania starts work] (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos Rytas. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  25. ↑ "Vyriausybe apsivalė, V. Tomaševskio partija - už borto" [The government has cleaned up, the party of V. Tomaševski is overboard] (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos Rytas. 26 August 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  26. ↑ "Ministers". Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  27. ↑ Lukšas, Aras (7 January 2011). "1991-ųjų sausis: pirmosios Vyriausybės griūtis" [January 1991: the fall of the first Government] (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos Zinios. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  28. ↑ "Svarbesnieji valstybės atstatymo 1990 03 11 - 1992 10 25 įvykiai" [The more important events of the rebuilding of the state 11 March 1990 - 25 October 1992] (in Lithuanian). Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  29. ↑ Gudavičius, Stasys (13 July 2009). "Skirtingi vyriausybių likimai po prezidento priesaikos" [Different fates of governments after the presidential oath] (in Lithuanian). Diena.lt. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  30. ↑ Kučinskaitė, Jonė (7 February 2008). "Išbrido sausas" [Came out dry] (in Lithuanian). Balsas.lt. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  31. ↑ "Ministerija įregistravo nuosaikiuosius konservatorius" [The Ministry registered the Moderate Conservatives] (in Lithuanian). Delfi.lt. 15 July 2000. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  32. 1 2 Valančiūtė, Jūratė (26 February 2003). "Lietuvos Respublikos Prezidento R. Pakso biografija" [The biography of the President of Lithuania R. Paksas] (in Lithuanian). ELTA. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  33. ↑ Pakalkaitė, Vija (31 May 2006). "Tryliktoji Vyriausybė traukiasi" [The 13th Government is departing] (in Lithuanian). Delfi.lt. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  34. ↑ Popovaitė, Inga (19 December 2008). "G.Kirkilo kabinetas – jau istorija" [The cabinet of G. Kirkilas is history] (in Lithuanian). Kauno Diena. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  35. ↑ "E. Lucasas: istorija A.Kubiliaus vyriausybę įvertins palankiai" [E. Lucas: the history will judge the Government of A. Kubilius favorably] (in Lithuanian). Delfi.lt. 12 September 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  36. ↑ "Previous Governments>After 1990". Government of the Republic of Lithuania. 25 June 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  37. ↑ "Leaders of Lithuania". Roberto Ortiz de Zárate. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  38. ↑ "Parties and elections in Europe. Lithuania". Wolfram Nordsieck. Retrieved 28 October 2015.

External links

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