Cameron Parish, Louisiana

Cameron Parish, Louisiana
Map of Louisiana highlighting Cameron Parish
Location in the state of Louisiana
Map of the United States highlighting Louisiana
Louisiana's location in the U.S.
Founded 1870
Named for Simon Cameron
Seat Cameron
Largest community Cameron
Area
 • Total 1,937 sq mi (5,017 km2)
 • Land 1,285 sq mi (3,328 km2)
 • Water 652 sq mi (1,689 km2), 34%
Population
 • (2010) 6,839
 • Density 5/sq mi (2/km²)
Congressional district 3rd
Time zone Central: UTC-6/-5

Cameron Parish (French: Paroisse de Cameron) is a parish in the southwestern section of the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,839.[1] The parish seat is Cameron.[2] Although it is the third-largest parish by land area in Louisiana, it has the second-smallest population.

Cameron Parish is part of the Lake Charles, LA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

Organized in 1870 from parts of Calcasieu and Vermillion Parishes, Cameron Parish is named for Simon Cameron, a Pennsylvanian who was President Abraham Lincoln's first secretary of war. It is among the largest civil parishes in Louisiana, yet the least populated, owing to the high proportion of land area devoted to marsh. Cameron Parish comprises a large portion of the Louisiana Chenier Plain, and thus is home to numerous cheniers, elevated ridges that occur in certain coastal regions, particularly in Louisiana. Early settlers include John M. Smith, Millege McCall, John William Sweeney, George W. Wakefield, William Doxey, James Hale, James Root, and John M. Miller.[3]

The western half of Cameron Parish was part of the colorful No Man’s Land or 1806 Neutral Ground agreement to solve a boundary dispute between the governments of the United States and Spain after the Louisiana Purchase. The Calcasieu River (at the time the Arroyo Hondo) and the Sabine River became the eastern and western boundaries. Devoid of law enforcement, the area became a hotbed of outlaws, pirates, and other nefarious characters for many years.

The American Civil War, and numerous hurricanes, such as Audrey, Rita, and Ike were defining events that shaped the trajectory of the region. Loyalties were split in the coastal area at the onset of the Civil War, setting the stage for additional conflict. Block[4] chronicled activities of the Unionist Mermentau Jayhawkers and their vigilante nemesis the Mermentau Regulators during the fall of 1863 in and around Grand Chenier.

Cameron Parish was devastated by Hurricane Audrey on June 27, 1957, causing over 390 deaths. Authors Nola Mae Ross and Susan McFillen Goodson chronicled the stories of many Audrey survivors in Hurricane Audrey,[5] published 40 years after the storm. Tales of tragedy and heroism emerged with the heavy press coverage following the devastation.[6] The American Medical Association named a local Cameron physician, Cecil Clark, the General Practitioner of the Year in recognition of dedicated service despite great personal loss.[7] Audrey defined Cameron Parish for nearly 50 years, with local history being divided into before and after Audrey periods until much of the parish was destroyed again by Hurricane Rita on September 24, 2005. The movie Little Chenier was filmed in Southwest Louisiana just prior to Hurricane Rita and contains some of the only accessible moving images of the area before it was destroyed.

In 2008, three years after Rita, Hurricane Ike came ashore and brought a 22-foot (6.7 m) storm surge, which was far worse than Rita's 10-foot (3.0 m) surge.[8] Nearly all of the coastline in that area was flooded heavily, with surge and floodwaters reaching 60 miles inland,[9] as far north as Lake Charles.[10] In Cameron Parish the communities of Cameron, Holly Beach, Hackberry, Creole, and Grand Chenier were essentially destroyed.[11] Hundreds of people had to be rescued from atop rooftops,[11] including 363 people who were rescued by Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Search and Rescue teams in conjunction with the Louisiana National Guard and the U.S. Coast Guard.[12]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the parish has a total area of 1,937 square miles (5,020 km2), of which 1,285 square miles (3,330 km2) is land and 652 square miles (1,690 km2) (34%) is water.[13] It is the third-largest parish in Louisiana by land area and fourth-largest by total area. Most of its water is due to the Gulf of Mexico.

Major highways

Adjacent counties and parishes

National protected areas

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18701,591—
18802,41651.9%
18902,82817.1%
19003,95239.7%
19104,2888.5%
19203,952−7.8%
19306,05453.2%
19407,20319.0%
19506,244−13.3%
19606,90910.7%
19708,19418.6%
19809,33613.9%
19909,260−0.8%
20009,9917.9%
20106,839−31.5%
Est. 20146,679[14]−2.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]
1790-1960[16] 1900-1990[17]
1990-2000[18] 2010-2013[1]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 6,839 people residing in the parish. 95.7% were White, 1.7% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.8% of some other race and 1.1% of two or more races. 2.3% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race). 46.5% were of French, French Canadian or Cajun, 18.7% American, 5.8% English and 5.0% Irish ancestry.[19]

As of the census[20] of 2000, there were 9,991 people, 3,592 households, and 2,704 families residing in the parish. The population density was 8 people per square mile (3/km²). There were 5,336 housing units at an average density of 4 per square mile (2/km²). The racial makeup of the parish was 93.65% White, 3.88% Black or African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.94% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. 2.15% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 11.57% reported speaking French or Cajun French at home, while 1.83% speak Spanish.

There were 3,592 households out of which 39.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.20% were married couples living together, 9.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.70% were non-families. 20.90% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the parish the population was spread out with 28.40% under the age of 18, 9.40% from 18 to 24, 29.60% from 25 to 44, 21.90% from 45 to 64, and 10.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 100.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.40 males.

The median income for a household in the parish was $34,232, and the median income for a family was $39,663. Males had a median income of $31,167 versus $19,113 for females. The per capita income for the parish was $15,348. About 9.10% of families and 12.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.10% of those under age 18 and 14.80% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Cameron Parish School Board operates local public schools.

Cameron Parish Public Library is a public library system in Cameron Parish. All of the libraries are located in unincorporated areas.

The main Cameron Parish Library is at 469 Marshall Street in the Cameron CDP.[21]

The system operates six branches:[22]

Communities

Notable residents

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
  2. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. ↑ Perrin, W.H. 1891. Southwest Louisiana biographical and historical. Reprinted 1971. Claitor's Publishing Division, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
  4. ↑ http://www.wtblock.com/wtblockjr/
  5. ↑ Ross, N.M. and S.M. Goodson. 1997. Hurricane Audrey. Wise Publications, Sulphur, Louisiana. ISBN 1-887144-08-0.
  6. ↑ Life Magazine. 1957. Hurricane season starts early - and it's deadly. Life 43(2):8-13.
  7. ↑ The General Practitioner's Award. 1957. J Am Med Assoc. 165(16):2089.
  8. ↑ Margaret Saizan. "A Visual Story of Hurricane Rita". Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. Retrieved June 26, 2007.
  9. ↑ Mega Surge
  10. ↑ Surge floodwaters
  11. 1 2 Associated Press (2008-09-14). "Most of Louisiana’s Coast Still Flooded by Ike". KALB-TV. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved 2008-09-15.
  12. ↑ Search and Rescue Operations Coordinated by LDWF Transport 363 Residents to Safety During Hurricane Ike's Pass Through State, September 16, 2008 Emergency.louisiana.gov
  13. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  15. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  16. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  17. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  18. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  19. ↑ "American FactFinder"
  20. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  21. ↑ "Louisiana Library Directory." State Library of Louisiana. Accessed September 22, 2008.
  22. ↑ "CAMERON PARISH LIBRARY BRANCHES." at the Wayback Machine (archived April 6, 2005) Cameron Parish Public Library. April 6, 2005.
  23. ↑ "Biographical Sketch". Retrieved July 13, 2015.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cameron Parish, Louisiana.

Geology

 Calcasieu Parish Jefferson Davis Parish
Orange County, Texas Vermilion Parish
   Cameron Parish, Louisiana  
Jefferson County, Texas Gulf of Mexico

Coordinates: 29°51′N 93°12′W / 29.85°N 93.20°W / 29.85; -93.20

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Monday, March 28, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.