Campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
The Main Quadrangle at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign comprises the main campus of the university. It is a major quadrangle surrounded by buildings of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (LAS) and is the center of campus activities.
Several architects had been instrumental in the building of the campus. These include Ernest L Stouffer, Nathan Clifford Ricker, Charles A. Platt, James White, Clarence Howard Blackall, Holabird & Roche, and W.C. Zimmerman. Various campus buildings have been placed on the National Register of Historic Places; these include the Mumford House, Freer Hall, Evans Hall, Busey Hall, Main Library, Altgeld Hall, Round Barns, Kenney Gymnasium, Natural History Building, and Harker Hall. In addition, the Morrow Plots and the University Observatory are designated as the National Historic Landmark.
History
Established as one of 37 public land-grant institutions established after the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act. The act was signed by Abraham Lincoln on July 2, 1862. The Morrill Act of 1862 granted each state in the United States a portion of land on which to establish a major public state university, one which could teach agriculture, mechanic arts, and military training, "without excluding other scientific and classical studies."[1] This phrase would engender controversy over the University's initial academic philosophies, polarizing the relationship between the people of Illinois and the University's first president, John Milton Gregory.[2] Illinois was one of seven commonwealths that had not formed a state university. The grant established eligibility for 480,000 acres of public scrip land valued at $600,000.[3]
In the 1920s the University became known as one of the strongest fraternity campuses in the country. Fraternity row was established in the early 1900s while sorority housing concentrated on John Street. The fraternity district moved southward towards Chalmers Street and most sororities moved to Urbana by the Greek house building boom in the 1920s.[4] In June 1929, the Alma Mater statue was unveiled.[5] Like many Universities, the economic depression slowed construction and expansion which was during President Arthur C. Willard's term. Willard served from 1934 to 1946. Even though expansion was slow but added Gregory Hall and the Illini Union. In the years following World War II, under president David Henry the university experienced rapid growth. The enrollment doubled and the academic standing improved which also resulted in the expansion of the campus and buildings.[6] This included the creation of Willard Airport.
Main Quad
There are fifteen buildings on or very close to the Main Quad that comprise the main campus of the university. They are listed clockwise with the Illini Union on the north side as the top:
Illini Union
The Illini Union is the student union at the northernmost point of the Main Quad and lies on Green Street. Its Georgian Revival style was conceived by Ernest L. Stouffer, University architect, and Howard Cheney, consulting architect. The cupola, clock, and bell from University Hall (demolished) are retained in the Union. Much of the original woodwork was carved by John C. Freiburg. The building was constructed in 1939-40; a $6.9 million addition in 1960 dramatically increased its size and usefulness. The Union replaced the University Hall, one of the first buildings on the campus. It is the center of student activities and hundreds of registered student organizations. Numerous expos, conferences, and events are held in the Union's ballrooms and facilities. There is a full-service underground food court and bowling alley as well as a university operated hotel in the upper floors.
Harker Hall
Harker Hall is immediately east of the Union and west of the Natural History Building. The building previously housed the Department of Chemistry and School of Law. The building was named after Judge Oliver Harker, who served as the Dean of the College of Law from 1903 to 1916. Harker Hall underwent extensive restoration in 1992 and is home to the University of Illinois Foundation, a non-profit organization that is responsible for the fund raising effort for the University of Illinois system.
Natural History Building
The Natural History Building marks the northeast corner of the LAS buildings and has been largely evacuated as a result of structural issues discovered in 2010. The building was designed by Nathan Clifford Ricker and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, and has several additions that expanded the building to the south in the early 20th century. The building used to house the university's natural history museum with exhibits on geology and paleontology. The majority of these exhibits have been relocated to storage facilities or became part of the Spurlock Museum. The building was set to undergo a $70 million renovation beginning in 2014, and upon completion in 2016, will house the School of Earth, Society and Environment (which includes the departments of Atmospheric Sciences, Geology, and Geography and Geographic Information Science) and teaching labs of the School of Integrative Biology.[7]
Noyes Laboratory
Noyes Laboratory is home to the chemistry department and lies directly south of the Natural History Building. The building is in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. Built in 1902, the Noyes Laboratory was the largest chemistry building in the nation upon its completion. The building was designated a National Historic Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society in 2002.[8]
Chemistry Annex
The Chemistry Annex provides additional facilities for the chemistry department; among them labs, classrooms, study halls and the Chemistry Learning Center, where students can receive additional assistance from TAs and professors. While Chemistry Annex is physically attached to the north side of Davenport Hall it is connected to Noyes Lab via an underground tunnel.
Davenport Hall
Completed in 1899, the Davenport Hall is one of the oldest academic buildings on campus. Davenport Hall is immediately south of Noyes Lab and the Chemistry Annex. It is still labeled with its original name, "College of Agriculture," but today is home to the departments of geography and anthropology. The building was named after Eugene Davenport, the former dean of the College of Agriculture.
Foreign Language Building
The Foreign Language Building is south of Davenport Hall and houses all of the foreign language departments. A popular myth is that the building's distinctive architecture was a result of its being designed to house a supercomputer on campus called Plato. The building was supposedly designed so that if it was bombed, the building's shell would fall outwards, protecting the supercomputer on the inside. It is also rumored that the building's interior layout was a result of trying to confuse Soviet spies and prevent them from stealing secrets from the supercomputer. In reality, the building's architecture is not actually all that unique and was a popular style of the day. In fact, just a few blocks to the west, one may find the Speech and Hearing Sciences Building, which is a 2-story clone of the building. Plato itself was real, but referred not to a secret government program, but rather to the first "modern" electronic learning system, the predecessor of course software like WebCT and Mallard. The mainframe computer that ran the Plato system was located in north campus, in a building which used to reside on the west side of the Bardeen Quad.
Foellinger Auditorium
Foellinger Aditorium marks the southern terminus of the Main Quad, directly facing the Illini Union. Originally known as the "University Auditorium", the structure was renovated as part of a donation from Helene Foellinger of Fort Wayne, Indiana. The structure was designed by Charles Blackall, a prominent Boston-based architect who specialized in theater design. It is used for stage productions, speaker presentations, and large lecture classes.
Gregory Hall
Gregory Hall lies due west of Foellinger and houses numerous departments within the College of Media and LAS, including philosophy, economics, and history. The building is named in honor of John Milton Gregory, the former University President.
Lincoln Hall
Lincoln Hall is northwest of Foellinger and is home to the College of Liberal Arts & Science, the largest college on campus. The building centers around a large auditorium. A big bust of Abraham Lincoln outside the entrance to the theater has its nose polished and nearly worn away after decades of students' rubbing it for good luck prior to a test. Prior to the opening of the Spurlock Museum across the campus, Lincoln was the home of the World Heritage Museum.In Spring 2007, Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich's proposed capital budget for the Fiscal Year 2008 called for $55.1 million for the $66.4 million renovation project.[9] The building reopened for classes in Spring 2012.
Eternal Flame
The free standing pillar between Lincoln Hall and the English Building on the Main Quad is the Eternal Flame. Formerly an ever-burning oil lamp, it is now topped with an electric light. It is a memorial from the class of 1912.
English Building
Built in 1905, the English Building was designed by McKim, Mead & White, a firm known for Beaux-Arts architecture. It was originally known as the "Woman's Building". At that time, according to Senator Henry Dunlap, it was supposed to “provide for every aspect of a women’s education”. This included hosting Household Science with its practice apartment, practice kitchens and dietetics classroom, the Child Development Study Program, and a women’s dormitory with a gymnasium and a pool.[10] The plan of the earliest building only included the westernmost portion of the building, as well as parts of the southern and northern legs. [11]
Influenced by a new campus plan, an addition, designed by William Carbys Zimmerman, was added in 1913 to the Quad side of the Women’s Building. This new addition of classrooms and meeting rooms formed the square shaped plan and called for the creation the East side, two-story, white portico.[12] Another addition was completed in 1923 by James M. White.[13]
In 1947, the Woman’s Building was renamed Bevier Hall in honor of Isabel Bevier, the founder of the Home Economics Department in 1900.[14] This name lasted until the new Bevier Hall on Goodwin Avenue was dedicated in 1956. At that time it was renamed the English Building as the English Department took over.[15] Among students on campus, the legend has it that a student drowned in a swimming pool and continues to haunt the building today. Today, the English Building is home to the English department and lies north of Lincoln Hall.
Henry Administration Building
The David Dodds Henry Administration Building is north of the English Building and houses primarily administrative offices, including University Student Financial Services & Cashier Operations (USFSCO), as well as several classrooms. The building is named after David Henry, the university president from 1955 to 1971.
Altgeld Hall
Named after former Illinois governor John Peter Altgeld, Altgeld Hall marks the northwest corner of the Quad between the Henry Administration Building and the Illini Union on the corner of Wright and Green Streets. Opened as the Library Hall, the building also served as the Law Building and now is the home of the Department of Mathematics. Designed by Nathan Clifford Ricker, the Romanesque building was the compromise between John Altgeld's preference of Gothic revival style and the classical architecture desired by the board of trustees. The tower was modeled after the Allegheny County Courthouse in Pittsburgh and the entryway after the Ames Free Library in Easton, Massachusetts. The building is one of Altgeld's castles, inspired by Governor Altgeld's interest in Germanic architecture; Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois State University, Eastern Illinois University and Northern Illinois University have similar structures.
Alma Mater
Planted between Altgeld Hall and the Illini Union is the bronze Alma Mater statue by sculptor Lorado Taft. The 10,000-pound statue depicts a mother-figure wearing academic robes and flanked by two attendant male and female figures representing "Learning" and "Labor" after the University's motto. The 1929 statue is iconic for the University and a popular backdrop for student graduation photos.
Nearby buildings
Krannert Center for the Performing Arts
Built in 1969, the Krannert Center is a five-stage theater complex. It houses the Tryon Festival Theater, Follinger Great Hall, Colwell Playhouse, and Studio Theater. It also houses an outdoor amphitheater. The building is home to all the Performing arts at the University, and holds the offices for the Theater and Opera Departments. The second level of the building houses several rehearsal rooms as well as production shops and offices.
Main Library
The Main Library is located south of Gregory Hall between Armory Drive and Gregory Drive. The UIUC libraries house the largest collection of books of any public university in the United States, reaching over thirteen million volumes.[16] This number also makes it the third largest academic library overall, behind those of Harvard University and Yale University.
Undergraduate Library
The Undergraduate Library (Undergrad Library for short) is located due east of the Main Library and west of the Morrow Plots. The library consists of two underground levels with an open courtyard in the center. It is connected to the Main Library by way of an underground tunnel.
Smith Memorial Hall
Completed in 1920, Smith Memorial Hall was the first University building constructed from funds which were not state-appropriated. Built to house the School of Music, funds were provided by Thomas J. Smith, a lawyer and trustee of the University, as a memorial to his wife, Tina Weeden Smith. The designer was James M. White, the University Architect. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Smith Hall is located between the Foreign Language Building and Foellinger Auditorium, but is off the Main Quad. The professors of voice, piano, and percussion have their offices there. The Steinway grand pianos and percussion equipment are located in this building.
Observatory
The Observatory is located south of Smith Hall and north of the Morrow Plots. The building was designated as the National Historic Landmark by the Department of the Interior in 1989 as the birthplace in the early 1900s of photoelectric photometry through the work of Dr. Joel Stebbins. The Observatory is the site of frequent Astronomy Open House events and houses a 12-inch refractor telescope available for student and class use.
Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology is one of the newest facilities on campus and lies just east of the Morrow Plots. Completed in November 2006, the 186,000-square-foot (17,300 m2) building houses researchers in Systems Biology, Cellular and Metabolic Engineering, and Genome Technology. Formerly known as Institute for Genomic Biology, the institute was established in 2003 to advance life science research and stimulate bio-economic development in the state of Illinois.
Bevier Hall
Bevier Hall, named for Isabel Bevier, was built in 1955. It is immediately east of the newly built Institute for Genomic Biology.
Freer Hall
Originally known as the Women's Gymnasium, the Freer Hall was designed by architect Charles A. Platt and was completed in 1931. Freer Hall is east of and across Goodwin Avenue from Bevier Hall. It is also part of the Division of Campus Recreation and houses a full swimming pool, gym, and facilities. The Freer Hall is placed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the schematic Platt nomination.
CRCE
The Campus Recreation Center - East (CRCE) is east of Freer Hall on the Gregory Drive. The facility was open in Spring 2005 and has 110,000 square feet (10,000 m2) of activity space with an aquatic center, racquetball courts, gymnasium and a 3-lane indoor track.
Bardeen (North) Engineering Quad
Located north of Green Street, the Bardeen Engineering Quad is home to buildings of the College of Engineering. The Engineering Campus is the colloquial name for the portions of campus surrounding the Bardeen Quadrangle and the Beckman Quadrangle at the College of Engineering. It is an area of approximately 30 square blocks, roughly bounded by Green Street on the south, Wright Street on the west, University Avenue on the north, and Gregory Street on the east.
South Quad
The South Quad lies south across Gregory Drive from the Undergraduate Library and the Main Quad and is home to numerous buildings that are part of the College of ACES and the College of Business.
David Kinley Hall
David Kinley Hall (DKH) is home to the departments of Political Science and Economics, and is used for many classes in the College of LAS. David Kinley Hall is one of the northernmost buildings on the South Quad, lying directly across Gregory Drive from the Main Library. It is the last building by Charles Platt.
Surveying Building
The Surveying Building is located behind David Kinley Hall. It is one of the only two Jacobean style structure on the Urbana-Champaign campus.
Wohlers Hall
Wohlers Hall is primarily used for administrative offices within the College of Business and is located west of David Kinley Hall and the Architecture Building on Sixth Street.
Architecture Building
Designed by Charles A. Platt, the Architecture Building is part of the College of Fine and Applied Arts' School of Architecture. The Architecture Building lies on Lorado Taft Drive and is between David Kinely Hall and Wohlers Hall.
Notable features within the building includes ornamental metal works by Louis Sullivan and a cast of Gates to Paradise of the Florence Baptistry. The Temple Buell Architecture Gallery (TBAG) once housed the university-owned Gregory Plaster Cast collection.
Today, the building houses college's Ricker Library of Architecture and Art, named after the first graduate Nathan C. Ricker. Today the Ricker Library contains more than 120,000 volumes and 33,000 serials, 35,000 microforms, and a small but burgeoning collection of videos, making it one of the largest of its kind in the United States.[17] The Architecture Building is also the Home of main administrative office for the College of Fine & Applied Arts.
Mumford Hall
Mumford Hall is also on Gregory Drive and directly across the South Quad from David Kinley Hall. Mumford Hall is primarily used for administrative offices as well as classrooms for the College of ACES.
Originally the Agriculture Building, the building was the first building on campus by Charles A. Platt and the first planned project according to the campus mater plan.
Mumford House
Mumford House is located north of the Temple Hoyne Buell Hall. Constructed in 1870 as a model farmhouse for the school's experimental farm, the Mumford House is the oldest structure on campus. The house was historically used as the official residence of the Dean of Agriculture, until the construction of the Davenport House on the site of today's Illini Union Bookstore. The farmhouse was named for former Dean of Agriculture Herbert W. Mumford and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The university has proposed moving the structure to the south farm, where it would house a welcome center for the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences. However, such action would disqualify the Mumford House's current historic status. The structure was on the 2006 Top 10 Statewide Endangered List, published by the Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois, a preservation advocacy group based in Chicago.[18]
Furthermore, the building has endured substantial damage as a result of poor upkeep and neglect. Mumford House remains locked and unoccupied almost all year. The only time people are allowed inside the building is when second year architecture students carry out an in-depth building study of the structure as part of an architectural technology course. The inside of the house is completely empty, and much of the interior finishes are deteriorating due to poor heating management. In the most recent building study, the architecture students discovered that nobody had been inside the building since the previous winter, and that the heaters had been left on throughout the entire summer.
On Wednesday, 11 March 2009, the University of Illinois Board of Trustees met and Mumford House was discussed. Chairman Shah stated that "Chancellor Herman has assured me that there is no intention of relocating Mumford House." Shah and at least 4 other Trustees made strong statements in support of the house remaining in its original location. Board Secretary Michelle Thompson was instructed to draft a resolution for their next meeting, stating that the Mumford House shall remain in its original location permanently. Shah requested that by the September meeting, which will be back in Urbana, that Mumford House be a board item and that Chancellor Herman have architectural plans for the house.
ACES Library and Information and Alumni Center
The ACES Library and Information and Alumni Center dominates the northern end of the South Quad and can be seen from very far away, especially because of its unusual appearance and octagonal shape. The building officially terminates the "Military Axis".
Turner Hall
Turner Hall is east of the ACES Library and is part of the College of ACES and home of the Department of Crop Sciences.
Animal Sciences Laboratory
The Animal Sciences Lab is adjacent to Mumford Hall to the east on Gregory Drive and is connected to Madigan Lab.
Madigan Laboratory
Madigan Lab is also part of the College of ACES and is immediately east of the Animal Sciences Lab on Gregory Drive and faces Goodwin Avenue. It can be seen from as far away as the Siebel Center along Goodwin.
Temple Hoyne Buell Hall
Temple Hoyne Buell Hall is due south of David Kinley Hall on the South Quad and is part of the College of Fine and Applied Arts. It houses the graduate division of the School of Architecture, as well as the Department of Landscape Architecture and the Department of Urban and Regional Planning.
The building, completed in 1997, is designed by Perkins+Will, in honor and made possible by the school alumni and donor Temple Hoyne Buell.
Agriculture Engineering Sciences Building
The Agriculture Engineering Sciences Building is directly east and across the South Quad from Buell Hall and is part of the College of ACES.
Wood Engineering Lab
The Wood Engineering Lab is tucked behind the Agriculture Engineering Sciences Building and is part of the College of ACES.
Natural Resources Building
The Natural Resources Building is in the southwest corner of the South Quad. It houses the Illinois State Geological Survey and the Illinois Natural History Survey.
Stock Pavilion
The Stock Pavilion is at the southern terminus of the South Quad and marks the southern boundary of the main campus. Designed for the stock judging purposes, the structure is vacant. Several proposals had been presented for its rehabilitation and adaptive reuse, such as the home for the Ricker Library for Architecture and Arts.
Art East Annex Studio 1
Located directly east of the Agriculture Engineering Sciences Building and directly south of the ACES library, Art East Annex Studio 1 houses the work studios for all second year and some third year students in the school of architecture. Previously the space was used for painting and sculpting students in Art+Design, after being converted from its original use as a maintenance garage for University vehicles. The original building was called the Farm Mechanics Building (later renamed the Agricultural Engineering Building), and was built in 1907 at a cost of $41,500, including an $8,500 addition in 1911. The "Tractor Laboratory and Garage" (present day architectural studio space) was added in 1924 and 1928.[19] The upper levels of the original building contain studios for metals students in Art+Design. The studios have been undergoing long overdue renovations since 2007. 2008 changes include networking upgrades, a wood shop, a spray painting room, and a printing studio with plotters, laser cutters, and a CNC Machine. Future plans include the installation of furniture and basic appliances for student lounge spaces throughout the building (announced at the Fall 2007 studio open house). The building and its additions were designed by architect James White.
Art East Annex Studio 2
Next door to the east of Art East Annex Studio 1, Art East Annex Studio 2 was constructed in 1905 at a cost of $18,000. The building was originally known as the Agronomy Building, and contained a field laboratory. The building now serves the school of Art+Design, and is undergoing upgrades similarly to Studio 1.[20]
Flagg Hall
Flagg Hall is located on Fourth Street, neighboring Barton Hall and Noble Hall. Flagg Hall, formerly known as Flagg House, was built in 1953 and was a residence and dining hall. It is now used as studio space for students majoring in graphic design, industrial design, new media, and painting within the School of Art and Design.[21] It holds a wood shop and finishing room in the basement. The building as a whole is in a state of disrepair.
Noble Hall
Noble Hall was built in 1952. Like Flagg Hall, it used to be a residence hall but is now affiliated with the College of Fine and Applied Arts. Its lower level houses an ink lab, which makes available a selection of traditional ink printing and binding techniques. Noble Hall also offers research project and doctoral student workspace for the School of Urban and Regional Planning.
Art and Design Building
The Art and Design Building is located on the Northeast corner of Fourth and Peabody in Champaign. It was constructed during 1958-1959 and called the Art and Architecture building. It now houses the main office and classrooms for the School of Art and Design. The Link Gallery, which features university and high school student artwork throughout the year, connects the Art and Design building with the Krannert Art Museum. The A+D building hosts a variety of resources for Art Students. These include computer labs, printers, studio and workshop space, and a checkout window allowing students to rent equipment.[22]
References
- ↑ Illini Years: A Picture History of the University of Illinois (1950). p.6"
- ↑ Illini Years: A Picture History of the University of Illinois (1950). p.11"
- ↑ Brichford, Maynard. "A Brief History of the University of Illinois". A Brief History of the University of Illinois. University of Illinois Archives. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
- ↑ "Greek Housing History at the University". Student Life and Culture Archives. University of Illinois Archives. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- ↑ "Alma Mater". University of Illinois: Virtual Campus Tour. University of illinois. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- ↑ "David . Henry, 89, President Of Illinois U. in Time of Tumult". The New York Times. September 7, 1995.
- ↑ https://will.illinois.edu/news/story/u-of-i-natural-history-building-renovations-resume
- ↑ "Noyes Laboratory at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign". National Historic Chemical Landmarks. American Chemical Society. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
- ↑ "Funding proposed for Lincoln Hall renovations". Retrieved June 23, 2007.
- ↑ “When Women Ruled the English Building”, October 8, 1975, Daily Illini, pages 15, 19.
- ↑ "Woman's Building". University of Illinois Archives. 2011.
- ↑ “Capsule History of Campus Development”, Historic Preservation Plan, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Office of Publications/Office of Public Affairs for the Office for Project Planning and Facility Management, 1995.
- ↑ uiuc.edu, Leetaru, Kalev, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: A History of Campus.
- ↑ “UI Home Ec Notes Birthday”, Urbana Courier, November 13, 1950.
- ↑ University of Illinois Transactions of the Board of Trustees, July 1, 1954-June 30, 1956, Anthony James Janata, Secretary, page 1056.
- ↑ "Largest Public University Library". Archived from the original on September 10, 2006. Retrieved September 17, 2006.
- ↑ "Ricker Library of Architecture and Art". Retrieved June 23, 2007.
- ↑ "University of Illinois Campus Tour- Alma Mater". Retrieved June 13, 2007.
- ↑ "Farm Mechanics Building / Agricultural Engineering Building / Art-East Annex Studio 1". Retrieved January 10, 2008.
- ↑ "Agronomy Building / Art-East Annex Studio 2". Retrieved January 10, 2008.
- ↑ "4th Street Residence Halls". Retrieved 6 April 2012.
- ↑ "Art and Architecture/Art and Design". Retrieved 6 April 2012.
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