Canadian Silver Maple Leaf

Silver Maple Leaf
Canada
Value 5.00 CAD (face value)
Mass 31.103 g (1.00 troy oz)
Diameter 37.97 mm (1.4948 in)
Thickness 3.29 mm (0.1295 in)
Edge Serrated
Composition 99.99% Ag
Years of minting 1988  present
Obverse
Design Elizabeth II
Designer Susanna Blunt
Design date 2003
Reverse
Design Maple Leaf
Designer RCM engravers
Design date 1988 (2014)

The Canadian Silver Maple Leaf is a silver bullion coin that is issued annually by the Government of Canada. It is produced by the Royal Canadian Mint.

The Silver Maple Leaf is legal tender. The face value is 5 Canadian dollars. The market value of the metal varies, depending on the spot price of silver. The 99.99% silver content makes the coin among the finest official bullion coins worldwide. The standard version has a weight of 1 troy ounce (31.10 grammes).

The Silver Maple Leaf's obverse and reverse display, respectively, the profile of Elizabeth II and the Canadian Maple Leaf. In 2014, new security features were introduced: radial lines and a micro-engraved laser mark.

Information

The Silver Maple Leaf is issued annually by the Government of the Dominion of Canada. Introduced in 1988 by the Royal Canadian Mint, there have been three subsequent standard editions and several special editions.

The Silver Maple Leaf's obverse displays the profile of Elizabeth II. There have been three subsequent versions of the Queen's profile:

Three 25-coin tubes together with seven coins

The Silver Maple Leaf's reverse displays the Canadian Maple Leaf. This design has remained unchanged since 1988. In 2014, however, new security features were introduced: radial lines and a micro-engraved laser mark. Also the obverse was affected by this.

The phrases CANADA and FINE SILVER 1 OZ ARGENT PUR are universal elements.

Granted a face value of 5 Canadian dollars, the Silver Maple Leaf has status as legal tender. It has also a market value that depends on the spot price of silver and that normally exceeds the nominal face value. With few exceptions and alike similar international bullion coins, the Silver Maple Leaf has a weight of 1 troy ounce (31.10 grammes). The 99.99% silver content makes the coin among the finest official bullion coins worldwide.

Samples of the Silver Maple Leaf often carry a so-called milk spot, i.e: a blemish that has a milky white appearance. This possibly happens when a cleaning detergent is left on the coin when it goes into the annealing furnace.

The Silver Maple Leaf was originally packaged in Mylar. Since 2009, due to increasing demand, it is packaged in semi-transparent tubes with a yellow lid bearing the RCM logo. Some special editions have tubes with an orange, red, blue, dark blue or grey lid. Each tube contains 25 coins.[1] Furthermore, there exist boxes that contain 20 tubes each.

Mintage (all uncirculated bulk coins)

Year Mintage Ref. Year Mintage Ref. Year Mintage Ref.
1988 1,155,931 [2] 1998 591,359 [2] 2008 7,909,161 [2]
1989 3,332,200 [2] 1999 1,229,442 [2] 2009 9,727,592 [2]
1990 1,708,800 [2] 2000 403,652 [2] 2010 17,799,992 [3]
1991 644,300 [2] 2001 398,563 [2] 2011 23,129,966 [4]
1992 343,800 [2] 2002 576,196 [2] 2012 18,132,297 [5]
1993 1,133,900 [2] 2003 684,750 [2] 2013 28,222,061 [6]
1994 889,946 [2] 2004 680,925 [2] 2014 29,245,000 [7]
1995 326,244 [2] 2005 955,694 [2] 2015 N/A
1996 250,445 [2] 2006 2,464,727 [2] 2016 N/A
1997 100,970 [2] 2007 3,526,052 [2] 2017 N/A

The issue from the year 2000 was sold as an uncirculated bulk coin yet bears the Fireworks privy mark on it.
It is re-listed in the special privy mark section below but is still essentially part of the standard bullion series.

Special editions

Special editions may, in this article, be divided into the following subcategories:

In 1998, marking the 10th anniversary of the Silver Maple Leaf series, a single-issue 10-ounce version was produced. The Silver Maple Leaf (SML), a staple of pure silver bullion, was only produced in 1oz coins. It was only for the commemoration of the 10th anniversary of the SML, that a reverse proof 10oz Silver Maple Leaf was struck. Unfortunately, due to price ($200, silver spot ~$6) and lack of interest, the planned 30,000 10oz SMLs were not sold out, and more than half were taken back for melting. Their cases were also recycled for one of the 2004 2oz bimetallic coins that the RCM issued. This is also the reason that some of the silver COAs will number above 14,000, though only around 13,000 of the coins survived.

In 1999, many Silver Maple Leaf coins were issued with a privy mark to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the RCM Maple Leaf Program. In the following year, the coins featured a privy mark with fireworks and the number 2000. Another Silver Maple Leaf version was issued to commemorate the millennium. The coins were double-dated 1999 and 2000.[8]

Some of the privy-marked Silver Maple Leaf versions were available only in Europe. In 2005, the Liberation of the Netherlands triple privy silver Maple Leafthe rarest of all Silver Maple Leaf coinswas struck by the Royal Canadian Mint for the Royal Dutch Mint. The first coin produced by the facility, graded SP70 on the Sheldon scale, was to be presented to Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands.

In 2005, The Royal Canadian Mint issued The North America LEGACY of LIBERTY pure silver commemorative coin set, with two coins dated 2004 and two coin dated 2005. Also included in the set was the first poppy colourized quarter (2005), a Royal Canadian Legion symbol of remembrance, hope, and sacrifice. Three 1oz pure silver maple leaf coins with privy marks were made: Victory Europe Day - May 8th 1945 (2005), Victory Japan Day - September 2nd 1945 (2005) and D-Day - June 6th 1944 (2004), with only 4200 sets being minted.

There are also special edition R.C.M. coins called the 'Maple Leaf Forever' series, with there being three maple leaf symbols on the reverse. The mint has minted 100,000 of this design in 1/2 oz .9999 fine silver coins and 200 strikes of the same design in a large 60mm diameter .9999 fine gold coin. Many other Royal Canadian Mint coins feature maple leaf symbols, such as the $20 for $20 series, the 'Piedfort Maple' series, the 5 oz silver 25th anniversary coins, 1 oz silver 25th anniversary coins with gold guild clad (an identical coin is minted in 1 oz of .9995 fine platinum) and fractional 25th anniversary coins in silver and gold. There are also the 1 kg $250 coins 2011-2015 with mintage numbers 999,1200,600,600,500 respectfully.

Commemorative editions

Anniversaries

Year Description Artist (reverse, obverse) Mintage Issue price Comment
1998 10th Anniversary Silver Maple Leaf RCM engravers 13,533 $200.00 10-ounce coin.
2003 15th Anniversary Silver Maple Leaf RCM engravers 28,947 $149.95 5-coin set: 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/10, and 1/20 oz. Hologramme maple leaf.
2008 20th Anniversary Silver Maple Leaf RCM engravers 10,000 $74.95 Gold-plated maple leaf.
2013 25th Anniversary Silver Maple Leaf Arnold Nogy, Susanna Blunt 9,999 $199.95 5-coin set: 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/10, and 1/20 oz.
2013 25th Anniversary Canadian Maple Leaf Walter Ott 1,000,000 bullion value 1-ounce coin.
2013 25th Anniversary Silver Piedfort Jean-Louis Sirois, Susanna Blunt 10,000 $99.99 1-ounce coin.

Editions with special privy marks

Anniversaries and Commemorations

Year Privy mark Artist Mintage Issue price Comment
1989 10 year anniv of SML N/A N/A N/A Sold by RCM in a wooden box. Only luster finishing, but no privy mark.
1998 90th Anniversary Royal Canadian Mint[9] Walter Ott, RCM engravers 13,025 N/A Sold by RCM.
1998 Royal Canadian Mounted Police[9] Walter Ott, RCM engravers 25,000 N/A Made for Canada Post.
1998 Titanic[9] Walter Ott, RCM engravers 26,000 $29.95 Made for Dillon Gage.
19992000 Fireworks Walter Ott, RCM engravers 298,775 bullion value Dual-dated. All maple leafs dated 1999-2000 show fireworks privy with no date inside the oval privy mark.
2000 Fireworks Walter Ott, RCM engravers 403,652 bullion value All maple leafs dated 2000 show fireworks privy with "2000" inside the oval privy mark.
2000 Expo Hanover[9] Walter Ott, RCM engravers 25,000 N/A Included a certificate of authenticity. Released in Europe only.
2004 Alphonse Desjardins[9] Walter Ott, RCM engravers 15,000 $39.95 Sold by La Caisse Populaire Desjardins
2004 D-Day[9] Walter Ott, RCM engravers 11,698 $39.95 Included a certificate of authenticity.
2005 Dutch Tulip Liberation of the Netherlands 60th anniversary Walter Ott, RCM engravers 3,500 EUR45.95 Made for Royal Dutch Mint.
2005 Victory in Europe Walter Ott, RCM engravers 7,000 $39.95 Sold in US by Jerry Morgan.
2005 Victory in Japan Walter Ott, RCM engravers 7,000 $39.95 Sold in US by Jerry Morgan.
2009 London's Tower Bridge RCM engravers 75,000 N/A Released by CoinInvestDirect.com in Europe only.
2009 Brandenburg Gate RCM engravers 50,000 N/A Released by CoinInvestDirect.com in Europe only.
2012 Leaning Tower of Pisa RCM engravers 50,000 N/A Released by CoinInvestDirect.com in Europe only.
2012 Titanic 100th anniversary RCM engravers 25,000 N/A Released by APMEX.com; 2012 privy shows smoke billowing from stacks, 1998 Titanic privy shows no smoke.
2014 World Money Fair in Berlin RCM engravers 7,500 C$79.95 Sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint.
2014 ANA World's Fair of Money in Chicago RCM engravers 7,500 C$79.95 Sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint.
2015 Heart (Fisher House Foundation) RCM engravers 25,000 $32.00 Radial lines security features with maple leaf security privy at lower left of reverse side; Sold by Rosland Capital.
2015 E=mc2 (100th Anniv of Einstein's Theory) RCM engravers 50,000 $29.00 Sold by Bullion Exchanges LLC
2015 ANA World's Fair of Money in Chicago RCM engravers 5,000 C$79.95 Sold by official dealers of RCM
2016 Timber Wolf privy mark (commemorating 2011 Canadian Wildlife series coins) RCM engravers 50,000 $20.00 Reverse Proof; Sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint.
2016 Grizzly Bear privy mark (commemorating 2011 Canadian Wildlife series coins) RCM engravers 50,000 $20.00 Reverse Proof; Sold directly from the Royal Canadian Mint.
2016 Yin and Yang RCM engravers 50,000 $25.00 Reverse Proof; Released before Chinese New Year 2016.
2016 Panda privy mark RCM engravers 50,000 $30.00 Reverse Proof; privy design based on 1982 Chinese Gold Panda coin, Released by APMEX.com
2016 Mark V Tank (UK) 100 year anniversary RCM engravers 50,000 $23.18 Reverse Proof; Released by Provident Metals
2016 Shamrock/Four Leaf Clover RCM engravers 50,000 $30.00 Reverse Proof; Released in tribute to Irish Canadians for St. Patrick's Day 2016.
2016 Bigfoot RCM engravers 50,000 $23.89 Reverse Proof; Released by Provident Metals and inspired by the Patterson-Gimlin film of Bigfoot

Zodiac series (19982009)

Year Privy Mark Artist Mintage Issue Price Special Notes
1998 Year of the Tiger [9] Walter Ott, RCM Engravers 25,000 N/A 1st coin in Chinese zodiac series
1999 Year of the Rabbit [9] Walter Ott, RCM Engravers 25,000 N/A 2nd coin in Chinese zodiac series
2000 Year of the Dragon [9] Walter Ott, RCM Engravers 25,000 N/A 3rd coin in Chinese zodiac series
2001 Year of the Snake [9] Walter Ott, RCM Engravers 25,000 N/A 4th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2002 Year of the Horse [9] Walter Ott, RCM Engravers 25,000 N/A 5th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2003 Year of the Goat [9] Walter Ott, RCM Engravers 25,000 N/A 6th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2004 Year of the Monkey [9] Walter Ott, RCM Engravers 25,000 N/A 7th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2005 Year of the Rooster [9] Walter Ott, RCM Engravers 15,000 N/A 8th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2006 Year of the Dog Walter Ott, RCM Engravers 10,000 N/A 9th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2007 Year of the Pig Walter Ott, RCM Engravers 8,000 N/A 10th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2008 Year of the Rat N/A 8,000 N/A 11th coin in Chinese zodiac series
2009 Year of the Ox N/A 8,000 N/A 12th coin in Chinese zodiac series

Zodiac series (2012)

Year Privy Mark Artist Mintage Issue Price Special Notes
2012 Year of the Dragon N/A 25,000 N/A released by APMEX.com
2013 Year of the Snake N/A 85,000 N/A made for Dillon Gage.
2014 Year of the Horse N/A 85,000 N/A made for Dillon Gage.
2014 Year of the Horse with hieroglyphic Double Privy N/A 1,000 N/A made for The People's Bank of China and China Construction Bank of Shanghai.
2015 Year of the Goat N/A N/A N/A
2016 Year of the Monkey N/A N/A N/A

Fabulous series

Year Privy Mark Artist Mintage Issue Price Special Notes
2006 F12 Silver Maple Leaf Royal Canadian Mint engravers N/A N/A First issue of the Fabulous series began as Fabulous 12 in 2006 - there was no privy mark on the coin
2007 F12 Silver Maple Leaf Royal Canadian Mint engravers 5,000 N/A First issue of the Fabulous series with privy mark f12, specimen finished
2008 F12 Silver Maple Leaf Royal Canadian Mint engravers 5,000 N/A Fabulous 12
2009 F12 Silver Maple Leaf Royal Canadian Mint engravers 5,000 N/A Fabulous 12
2010 F15 Silver Maple Leaf Royal Canadian Mint engravers 5,000 N/A Series switched to Fabulous 15 in 2010, privy mark f15
2011 F15 Silver Maple Leaf Royal Canadian Mint engravers 5,000 N/A Fabulous 15
2012 F15 Silver Maple Leaf Royal Canadian Mint engravers 10,000 N/A Fabulous 15
2013 F15 Silver Maple Leaf Royal Canadian Mint engravers 10,000 $59.95 Fabulous 15, bullion finished instead of specimen as before
2014 F15 Silver Maple Leaf Royal Canadian Mint engravers 10,000 N/A Fabulous 15, bullion finished
2015 F15 Silver Maple Leaf Royal Canadian Mint engravers 10,000 EUR29,90 Fabulous 15, obverse and reverse with radial lines like from common coin issued 2014
2016 F15 Silver Maple Leaf Royal Canadian Mint engravers N/A N/A Fabulous 15, obverse and reverse with radial security lines, but still without maple leaf security privy mark

Sets

Year Description Artist Mintage Issue Price Comment
2003 Hologram set Dora de Pedery-Hunt 30,000 N/A 5 Coin Set - 1 oz, 1/2 oz, 1/4 oz, 1/10 oz, 1/20 oz
2004 Privy Mark Set RCM Staff 25,000 $99.95 5 Coin Set – 1 oz, ½ oz, ¼ oz, 1/10 oz, 1/20 oz. Each coin is privy marked with the RCM logo
2004 Zodiac Set RCM Staff 5,000 $368.88 12 coin set - each coin in the set carries one of the twelve signs of the Zodiac. Commissioned by Universal Coins from Ottawa, Canada
2004-2005 LEGACY of LIBERTY RCM Staff 4,200 N/A 4 coin set-first poppy quarter colorized(2004) with 3 coin of 1oz silver 9999: VE DAY (2005), VJ DAY (2005) and D-DAY (2004)
2010 Olympic Maple Leaf Set N/A 4,000 N/A 3 Coin Set (2008, 2009, 2010) – 3x 1 oz., comes in the standard wooden box. Every coin partly gold plated on the reverse.
2013 Fine Silver Maple Leaf - 25th Anniversary Fractional Set Arnold Nogy 9,999 $199.95 CAD 5 Coin Set – 1 oz, ½ oz, ¼ oz, 1/10 oz, 1/20 oz.
2014 Fine Silver Fractional Set - Maple Leaf Arnold Nogy 9,999 $249.95 CAD 5 Coin Set – 1 oz, ½ oz, ¼ oz, 1/10 oz, 1/20 oz.
2015 Fine Silver Incuse Fractional Set - Maple Leaf Lilyane Coulombe 9,999 $224.95 CAD 5 Coin Set – 1 oz, ½ oz, ¼ oz, 1/10 oz, 1/20 oz.
2016 Fine Silver 5-Coin Fractional Set – A Historic Reign Donna Kriekle 7,500 $224.95 CAD 5 Coin Set – 1 oz, ½ oz, ¼ oz, 1/10 oz, 1/20 oz.

Editions with nature-related themes

Fine Silver Fractional 4-Coin Sets

Year Description Artist Mintage Issue Price Description
2004 Arctic Fox Claude D'Angelo 13,694 $89.95 4 Coin Set – 1 oz, 1/2 oz, 1/4 oz, 1/10 oz - different reverse picture on every coin
2005 Lynx Michael Dumas 15,000 $89.95 4 Coin Set – 1 oz, 1/2 oz, 1/4 oz, 1/10 oz - different reverse picture on every coin
2015 Bald Eagle Derek C.Wicks 7,500 $199.95 CAD 4 Coin Set -- 1 oz, 1/2 oz, 1/4 oz, 1/10 oz - the same reverse picture on every coin
2016 The Wolf Pierre Leduc 7,500 $199.95 CAD 4 Coin Set -- 1 oz, 1/2 oz, 1/4 oz, 1/10 oz - the same reverse picture on every coin

Canadian Wildlife Series

Year Description Artist Mintage Issue Price Description
2011 Silver Timber Wolf William Woodruff 1,000,000 Bullion value 1 oz coin. The RCM did not issue any proof versions for this series
2011 Silver Grizzly William Woodruff 1,000,000 Bullion value 1 oz coin
2012 Silver Cougar William Woodruff 1,000,000 Bullion value 1 oz coin
2012 Silver Moose William Woodruff 1,000,000 Bullion value 1 oz coin
2013 Silver Pronghorn Antelope Emily S. Damstra 1,000,000 Bullion value 1 oz coin
2013 Silver Wood Bison Emily S. Damstra 1,000,000 Bullion value 1 oz coin

Birds of Prey Series

Year Description Artist Mintage Issue Price Description
2014 Silver Peregrine Falcon (proof) Emily S. Damstra 20,000 $89.95 1 oz coin. Proof frosted version sold directly from the RCM
2014 Silver Peregrine Falcon (bullion) Emily S. Damstra 1,000,000 Bullion value 1 oz coin. Regular bullion version
2014 Silver Bald Eagle (proof) Emily S. Damstra 7,500 $89.95 1 oz coin. Proof frosted version sold directly from the RCM
2014 Silver Bald Eagle (bullion) Emily S. Damstra 1,000,000 Bullion value 1 oz coin. Regular bullion version
2015 Silver Red-Tailed Hawk (bullion) Emily S. Damstra 1,000,000 Bullion value 1 oz coin. Regular bullion version
2015 Silver Great Horned Owl (bullion) Emily S. Damstra 1,000,000 Bullion value 1 oz coin. Regular bullion version

Predator Series

Year Description Artist Mintage Issue Price Description
2016 Silver Cougar Emily S. Damstra 1,000,000 Bullion Value 1 oz coin. Regular bullion version

Canadian Arctic Series 1½ oz

Year Description Artist Mintage Issue Price Description
2013 Silver Polar Bear (proof) Germaine Arnaktauyok 17,500 $124.95 Proof version sold directly from the RCM. 1½ oz coin
2013 Silver Polar Bear (bullion) Germaine Arnaktauyok 500,000 Bullion value 1½ oz coin. Regular bullion version
2014 Silver Arctic Fox (proof) Maurice Gervais 7,500 $89.95 The proof version of this coin is 1 oz and not 1½ oz
2014 Silver Arctic Fox (bullion) Maurice Gervais 500,000 Bullion value 1½ oz coin. Regular bullion version
2015 Silver Polar Bear and Cub (proof) Susanna Blunt 7,500 $89.95 The proof version of this coin is 1 oz and not 1½ oz
2015 Silver Polar Bear and Cub (bullion) Susanna Blunt 500,000 Bullion value 1½ oz coin. Regular bullion version

Other Silver Maple Leaf coins

Year Description Artist Mintage Issue Price Description
2004 Sambro Island Lighthouse Hedly Doty and William Woodruff 18,476 $69.95 1 oz coin in box, face value $20
2005 Toronto Island Lighthouse Brian Hughes and William Woodruff 13,812 $69.95 1 oz coin in box, face value $20
2006 Silver Timber Wolf William Woodruff 106,800 Bullion value ½ oz coin
2010 Silver Piedfort Royal Canadian Mint Engravers 9,000 $79.95 CAD 1 oz coin in box - first ever pure silver piedfort coin featuring Maple Leaf design
2014 Bullion Replica N/A 20,000 $79.95 CAD Premium version of the popular Silver Maple Leaf bullion design, no privy mark, 1 oz coin in box

Coloured and hologram editions

Coloured Silver Maple Leaf

Year Description Artist Mintage Issue price
2001 Autumn (Autumn Red) [10] Debbie Adams 49,709 $34.95
2002 Spring (Summer Green) [10] N/A 29,509 $34.95
2003 Summer (Sugar Maple) [10] Stan Written 29,416 $34.95
2004 Winter (Red Maple) [10] Stan Written 26,848 $39.95
2005 Big leaf Maple Stan Written 27,000 $39.95
2006 Silver Maple Stan Written 20,000 $45.95
2007 Sugar Maple Stan Written 20,000 $49.95

Hologram Silver Maple Leaf

Year Theme Artist Mintage Issue price Special Notes
2001 Maple of Good Fortune [11] N/A 29,817 $59.99 First coin in Chinese hologram series
2002 15th Anniversary of the One Dollar Loon Royal Canadian Mint Staff 29,970 $39.95 $5 Loon
2003 15th Anniversary of the Silver Maple Leaf RCM Staff 28,947 $149.95 5 Coin Set – 1 oz, 1/2 oz, 1/4 oz, 1/10 oz, 1/20 oz
2003 Maple of Good Fortune [11] N/A 29,731 $39.99 Second coin in Chinese hologram series
2005 Maple of Hope [11] Toan Nguyen 19,888 $39.95 Third coin in Chinese hologram series
2007 Blessings of Long Life Jianping Yuan 15,000 N/A Not 1 oz, but is still pure silver
2009 Maple of Wisdom Simon example 14888 $88.88 Sterling silver, coin is not a true Silver Maple Leaf
2010 Maple of Strength Simon example 8888 $88.88 Sterling silver, coin is not a true Silver Maple Leaf
2011 Maple of Happiness Simon example 8888 $98.88 Return to 1 oz pure silver, is a true Silver Maple Leaf
2012 Maple of Good Fortune Three Degrees Creative Group 8888 $98.88 1 oz pure silver. A true Silver Maple Leaf
2013 Maple of Peace Simon example 8888 $98.88 1 oz pure silver. A true Silver Maple Leaf
2014 Maple of Longevity Simon example 8888 $98.88 1 oz pure silver. Sixth coin in the renowned series. Face value $15.
2015 Maple of Prosperity Albert Ng 8888 $98.88 1 oz pure silver. Seventh coin in the renowned series. Face value $15.

Olympic Maple Leaf

Year Theme Mintage
2008 Inukshuk 937,839
2009 Thunderbird 569,048
2010 Ice Hockey 79,278
2010 Ice Hockey, gold plated in box 10,000
2010 Set of 3 coins, partly gold plated in box 4,000

See also

References

  1. Canadian Coin News Volume 47, number 12, pagina 1. 20 September12 October 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 David L. Ganz (2011). "The Essential Guide to Investing in Precious Metals, page 115". Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  3. Royal Canadian Mint (2011). "2010 Annual Report, page 84" (PDF). Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  4. Royal Canadian Mint (2012). "2011 Annual Report, page 111" (PDF). Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  5. Royal Canadian Mint (2013). "2012 Annual Report, page 105" (PDF). Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  6. Royal Canadian Mint (2014). "2013 Annual Report, page 94" (PDF). Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  7. Royal Canadian Mint (2015). "2014 Annual Report, page 30" (PDF). Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  8. Charlton Standard of Canadian Coins, 60th Edition, p.434, W.K. Cross, ISBN 0-88968-297-6
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, 60th Edition, p. 451, W.K. Cross, ISBN 0-88968-297-6
  10. 1 2 3 4 Charlton Standard of Canadian Coins, 60th Edition, p.454, W.K. Cross, ISBN 0-88968-297-6
  11. 1 2 3 Charlton Standard of Canadian Coins, 60th Edition, p.455, W.K. Cross, ISBN 0-88968-297-6

External links

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