Casey Affleck

Casey Affleck

Affleck in June 2006
Born Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck
(1975-08-12) August 12, 1975
Falmouth, Massachusetts, U.S.
Alma mater George Washington University
Columbia University
Years active 1988–present
Spouse(s) Summer Phoenix (m. 2006)
Children 2
Relatives Ben Affleck (brother)
Joaquin Phoenix (brother-in-law)
Rain Phoenix (sister-in-law)
Liberty Phoenix (sister-in-law) River Phoenix (brother in law)

Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck (born August 12, 1975),[1] better known as Casey Affleck, is an American actor, film director, screenwriter, and producer. He first came to attention for his performances in Gus Van Sant's films To Die For (1995), Good Will Hunting (1997), and Gerry (2002). He appeared in the Ocean's Trilogy (2001–2007), a caper comedy film series, as Virgil Maloy.

Affleck starred in The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor, and Gone Baby Gone, directed by his brother Ben. In 2010, he directed the mockumentary I'm Still Here, starring his brother-in-law Joaquin Phoenix. He also received critical acclaim for his performance in Out of the Furnace and Ain't Them Bodies Saints (both 2013).

Early life

Affleck was born in Falmouth, Massachusetts.[1] He has English, Irish, German, Scottish, French, and Swedish ancestry.[2][3][4] His mother, Christopher Anne "Chris" (née Boldt),[5][6] was raised on New York's Upper East Side by her mother, longtime Museum of Modern Art director of public information Elizabeth Shaw (née Roberts[7][8] and her mother's second husband, Samuel Shaw, an attorney.[9][10][11][12] Her father, O'Brien "Obie" Boldt, was a Democratic activist and professor of political science at the City University of New York.[13][14][15][16] One of Affleck's maternal five times great-grandfathers was congressman Adam Rankin Alexander.[17]

Affleck's father, Timothy Byers Affleck of Rhode Island, was a stage manager, director, writer and actor with the Theater Company of Boston in the mid-1960s[18][19][20] During Affleck's childhood, he worked as an auto mechanic,[21][22] a carpenter,[23] a bookie,[24][25] an electrician,[26] a bartender[27] and a janitor at Harvard University.[28][29][30][31] His parents divorced when he was eight due to his father's chronic alcoholism.[26] Affleck was raised by his mother.[32]<[33] When Affleck was 13, his father moved to Indio, California, entered rehab, became an addiction counselor and later reconnected with his adult sons.[26][34][35][36]

Affleck is three years younger than his brother Ben.[37] They were childhood friends with actor Matt Damon.[38][39][40] He was raised in a mostly Episcopalian family.[41] As a child, he had numerous pets, including cats, snakes, guinea pigs and turtles.[42] Affleck graduated from Cambridge Rindge and Latin School in June 1993. He was inspired by his high school drama teacher Gerry Speca.[43] Affleck went to George Washington University for one year to study politics[38] and later transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he majored in physics, astronomy, and Western philosophy for two years, but never graduated.[44] Affleck worked sporadically on television while finishing high school and attending college during the early 1990s.

Career

Early work (1995–2006)

Affleck's first movie role was as a sociopathic teenager in Gus Van Sant's 1995 dark comedy To Die For, alongside Nicole Kidman, Matt Dillon, and Joaquin Phoenix.[45] After co-starring with Halle Berry and Jim Belushi in the 1996 box office flop Race the Sun, the following year he appeared in two films featuring his brother Ben: Chasing Amy and Good Will Hunting.

Affleck's next few films, the underground movie Desert Blue (1998) with Kate Hudson, the black comedy Drowning Mona (1999) with Bette Midler, Jamie Lee Curtis, Neve Campbell, and Danny DeVito, and the 2001 horror movie Soul Survivors (co-starring Luke Wilson) were all critical as well as commercial failures.[46]

In 2001, Affleck became part of an ensemble cast in the remake of the Rat Pack movie Ocean's Eleven, directed by Steven Soderbergh. Supporting the star leads, George Clooney and Brad Pitt, Affleck played Virgil Malloy, one of the pair of Mormon brothers hired to drive the getaway vehicle. Affleck reprised this character in two sequels, Ocean's Twelve (2004) and Ocean's Thirteen (2007). In the third installment of the trilogy, several scenes are set in Mexico and he has extended dialogue in Spanish. Affleck lived in Mexico as a child and speaks Spanish.[47]

Affleck co-wrote the screenplay for the 2002 film Gerry with Gus Van Sant and Matt Damon. The film, about two men who get lost while hiking in the desert, received mixed reviews; after premiering at the Sundance film festival, it got only a limited release in the United States in 2003.[48] In 2006, Affleck featured in Lonesome Jim and The Last Kiss, where he plays a friend of Zach Braff's character. He then made a cameo in the Joaquin Phoenix-directed video "Tired of Being Sorry" for Balthazar Getty's band Ringside.

Breakthrough (2007–12)

In 2007, Affleck starred in the Western The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, playing Robert Ford opposite Brad Pitt's Jesse James. For his performance, he received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture, a nomination for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role - Motion Picture, and an Oscar nomination for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role. Entertainment Weekly observed that "a revelatory Casey Affleck brings Ford to life with a mature sense of an underling's craven, fawning petulance."[49] Other reviewers praised Affleck for being "terrific"[50] and a "real revelation"[51] while making "an indelible impression as the insecure, physically unprepossessing weakling."[52][53]

Affleck also played his first leading man in a mainstream production in 2007. He starred in the Boston crime thriller Gone Baby Gone as the protagonist, Patrick Kenzie. Directed, produced, and co-written by Ben Affleck, the film was critically acclaimed and earned Casey further plaudits for his acting.[54] The Boston Globe commented, "I'd never stopped to consider Casey Affleck as a movie star before, but under his big brother's tutelage, he blooms as a leading man of richly watchable savvy and intelligence."[55] The New York magazine similarly praised Affleck's portrayal of the tough private detective and concluded, "Casey Affleck has never had a pedestal like the one his brother provides him, and he earns it. His Patrick is pale and raspy ... He’s not physically imposing, but he reels off four-letter words so fast that it leaves his bigger and more dangerous opponents staring in disbelief."[56]

In 2010 Affleck released his first major directorial effort, I'm Still Here, a mockumentary about the musical career of his friend and brother-in-law Joaquin Phoenix, who attempted to live a lifestyle of a rapper in one year.[57][58] After much speculation, Affleck admitted shortly after the film's release that Phoenix's role was a "performance" rather than genuine behavior, stating that he "never intended to trick anybody", rather, the production was a work of "gonzo filmmaking" inspired by journalists such as Hunter S. Thompson.[59]

Next, Affleck teamed with Jessica Alba and Kate Hudson in The Killer Inside Me (2010), a film adaptation of the 1952 novel of the same name.[60] In January 2010, The Killer Inside Me premiered at the Sundance Film Festival, where it was received poorly by many critics and created controversy due to its graphic portrayal of violence against women, which prompted many viewers to walk out of the screening.[61] However, critics generally praised Affleck's performance as a serial killer.

2013–present

Affleck starred opposite Rooney Mara in the independent modern-day Bonnie and Clyde film Ain't Them Bodies Saints and opposite Christian Bale in the drama Out of the Furnace, both released in 2013. In November 2014, he had a supporting role in Christopher Nolan's Interstellar.[62] Affleck also co-wrote a screenplay with brother Ben and David Mandel for the baseball drama The Trade, to be directed by Jay Roach.[63] He also sold an animated comedy television series to FOX.[64][65]

Affleck and producer John Powers Middleton announced in June 2014 that they were launching a production company, Untitled Casey Affleck/John Powers Middleton Project. Affleck will serve as an equal share producer, while continuing to pursue writing, acting, and directing projects.[66] Affleck is set to direct an as-yet-untitled biopic about baseball player Josh Hamilton, from his own screenplay. Jack Reynor is expected to star.[67]

Affleck will play the lead in John Hillcoat's heist thriller Triple 9, set for release in February 2016.[68][69] He has also signed on to star as Meriwether Lewis in an upcoming HBO miniseries based on the 1996 book Undaunted Courage.[70] He is attached to star as a detective in Boston Strangler, to be directed by Mark Romanek.[71]

Personal life

Affleck married actress Summer Phoenix, his girlfriend of six years, on June 3, 2006 in Savannah, Georgia.[72] The couple were introduced by her brother, Joaquin.[73] They have two sons, Indiana August,[74] who was born in May 2004[75] in Amsterdam,[76] and Atticus,[77] born in January 2008.[74] As of 2006, he resides in Los Feliz, Los Angeles with his family.[47] In March 2016, Affleck and Phoenix announced they were separating.[78]

Affleck is involved with many animal rights movements and campaigns for PETA and Farm Sanctuary.[79] He is a vegan, and eats no "meat or any other animal products."[80]

In 2010, Affleck was sued by two former female co-workers for sexual harassment;[81] the cases were settled out of court.[82]

Filmography

Year Film Role Notes
1988 Lemon Sky Jerry TV
1990 The Kennedys of Massachusetts Robert Kennedy (12–15) TV miniseries
1995 To Die For Russel Hines
1996 Race the Sun Daniel Webster
1997 Chasing Amy Little Kid
Good Will Hunting Morgan O'Mally
1998 Desert Blue Pete Kepler
1999 200 Cigarettes Tom
American Pie Tom Myers Uncredited
Floating Prep No. 1
2000 Drowning Mona Bobby Calzone
Committed Jay
Hamlet Fortinbras
Attention Shoppers Jed
2001 Ocean's Eleven Virgil Malloy Nominated — MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Team
American Pie 2 Tom Myers
Soul Survivors Sean
2002 Gerry Gerry Also screenwriter
2004 Ocean's Twelve Virgil Malloy
2005 Lonesome Jim Jim
2006 The Last Kiss Chris
2007 Ocean's Thirteen Virgil Malloy Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie: Chemistry
The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford Robert Ford National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor
National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor
San Francisco Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor
Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture
St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated — Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated — Alliance of Women Film Journalists Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated — Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated — Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated — Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated — Detroit Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture
Nominated — Houston Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated — London Film Critics Circle Award for Actor of the Year
Nominated — Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role - Motion Picture
Nominated — Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor
Gone Baby Gone Patrick Kenzie Nominated — Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Acting Ensemble
Nominated — Houston Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor
Nominated — Irish Film & Television Award for Best International Actor
2010 The Killer Inside Me Lou Ford
I'm Still Here Himself Directorial debut film
2011 Tower Heist Charlie Gibbs
2012 ParaNorman Mitch Downe Voice
2013 Ain't Them Bodies Saints Bob Muldoon Nominated — Seattle International Film Festival Award for Best Actor
Out of the Furnace Rodney Baze, Jr. Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
2014 Interstellar Tom
2015 Unity[83] Narrator Documentary
2016 The Finest Hours Ray Sybert
Triple 9 Chris Allen
Manchester by the Sea Lee Chandler

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Casey Affleck". TVGuide.com. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
  2. ↑ Stated on Inside the Actors Studio, 2001
  3. ↑ "10 Things About... Batman star Ben Affleck". Digital Spy. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  4. ↑ "Film Interview – Ben Affleck / 'Hollywoodland'". Event Guide. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-22.
  5. ↑ Stated on Finding Your Roots, PBS, October 14, 2014
  6. ↑ A reunion report, and a ringtail cat | Harvard Magazine Mar–Apr 2010. Harvardmagazine.com (2013-09-25). Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  7. ↑ http://www.moma.org/momaorg/shared/pdfs/docs/learn/archives/transcript_shaw.pdf
  8. ↑ http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7759731.html
  9. ↑ Ben Affleck On Acting and Activism. Bostoncommon-magazine.com. Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  10. ↑ Interview: Ben Affleck, Argo director and star – Page 3 – Chicago Tribune. Articles.chicagotribune.com (2012-10-10). Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  11. ↑ SAMUEL SHAW Obituary: View SAMUEL SHAW's Obituary by New York Times. Legacy.com. Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  12. ↑ Samuel P. Shaw Sr. Obituary: View Samuel Shaw's Obituary by The Cambridge Chronicle. Legacy.com. Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  13. ↑ Englewood Activist O'brien Boldt, 86 – June 02, 2004 – The Record, Bergen County, NJ – News. Record-bergen.vlex.com (2004-06-02). Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  14. ↑ People, Dec. 26, 1938 – TIME. Content.time.com (1938-12-26). Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  15. ↑ Urban Cinefile AFFLECK, BEN: PEARL HARBOR. Urbancinefile.com.au. Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  16. ↑ Paid Notice: Deaths BOLDT, O'BRIEN – New York Times. Nytimes.com. Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  17. ↑ Patrick, Michael (2015-04-27). "Ben Affleck Has Another Nine Slaveholder Ancestors From Throughout the South". Breitbart. Retrieved 2015-05-26.
  18. ↑ DAVID WHEELER, Father Of The Boston Theatre Scene | Actors' Equity Association. Actorsequity.org (2012-01-27). Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  19. ↑ PERFORMANCES | Off-Broadway. Larrybryggman.com. Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  20. ↑ The Cocktail Party | News | The Harvard Crimson. Thecrimson.com. Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  21. ↑ Cinezine – Frank Discussions With Ben Affleck. Viewaskew.com. Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  22. ↑ Morris, Wesley (September 15, 2010). "With new film, Affleck ties Boston knot tighter". Boston.com. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  23. ↑ http://www.oocities.org/affleck1971/playboy.html
  24. ↑ Fleming, Michael (January 27, 2014). "Ben Affleck on Argo, His Distaste For Politics and the Batman Backlash". Playboy. Retrieved 2014-06-05.
  25. ↑ Reality Check – Rehab, Substance Abuse, Coping and Overcoming Illness, Ben Affleck. People.com (2001-08-20). Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  26. 1 2 3 Schneider, Karen S. (February 21, 2000). "Good Time Hunting – Personal Success, Ben Affleck". People. Retrieved 2014-06-05.
  27. ↑ Atkinson, Kim. (2006-05-15) The Other Affleck. Boston Magazine. Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  28. ↑ "Ben Affleck Biography (1972–)". Film reference. Retrieved June 26, 2008.
  29. ↑ THESE VIOLENT DELIGHTS: Malick gave Good Will Hunting its ending. Tomshone.blogspot.ie (2011-01-05). Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  30. ↑ "Casey Affleck Biography (1975–)". Film Reference. Retrieved June 26, 2008.
  31. ↑ Stickgold, Emma (February 10, 2003). "Mrs. Shaw was also the grandmother of Hollywood actors Ben and Casey Affleck.". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  32. ↑ PLAYBOY INTERVIEW: BEN AFFLECK -.a candid conversation with the hot young star about why women love actors, the perils of viagra, the truth about gwyneth and what he really thinks about matt damon.(Interview) | HighBeam Business: Arrive Prepared. Business.highbeam.com (1999-12-01). Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  33. ↑ Lidz, Franz (September 10, 2000). "Ben Affleck Shocker: I Bargained With Devil for Fame". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-06-05.
  34. ↑ McGinty, Kate. (2013-01-05) Palm Springs film festival: Ben Affleck spit on me | MyDesert.com Blogs. Blogs.mydesert.com. Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  35. ↑ Ben Affleck's Hollywood Ending | Movies News. Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  36. ↑ Ben in GQ. Angelfire.com. Retrieved on 2014-06-05.
  37. ↑ Casey Affleck Biography (1975–). Film Reference.com.
  38. 1 2 http://www.bostonmagazine.com/2006/05/the-other-affleck/
  39. ↑ "Genealogical Chart Knowlton Line of Ben Affleck and Matt Damon" (PDF). New England Historic Genealogical Society. 2009. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
  40. ↑ "Casey Affleck Talks Ain't Them Bodies Saints, I'm Still Here, and More". Collider. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  41. ↑ McGee, Celia (December 18, 2003). "Wild about Jen; Ben Opens Up to our Celia McGee". Daily News. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  42. ↑ Out There: Casey Affleck. Peta2.net.
  43. ↑ "Casey Affleck is teacher’s 3rd Oscar nominee". TODAY.com. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  44. ↑ Casey Affleck Biography. Biography.com.
  45. ↑ Schaefer, Stephen. Casey Affleck – Breakthrough Actor. Variety.com. October 19, 2007.
  46. ↑ Roberts, Sheila. He also starred in the movie "The Killer Inside Me". Casey Affleck Interview, Gone Baby Gone. MoviesOnline.ca.
  47. 1 2 Carroll, Larry. Casey Affleck says 'Thirteen' is better than 'Twelve'. MTV.com. August 24, 2006.
  48. ↑ Release dates for Gerry
  49. ↑ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (September 19, 2007). "The Assassination of Jesse James Review - Movie Reviews and News - EW.com". EW.com. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  50. ↑ Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford – Rolling Stone Archived May 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  51. ↑ Puig, Claudia (September 20, 2007). "'Jesse James' is just a great, gorgeous Western - USATODAY.com". usatoday.com. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  52. ↑ McCarthy, Todd (August 31, 2007). "The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford". Variety. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  53. ↑ "'The Assassination of Jesse James' Actor Casey Affleck Comes Out of Ben's Shadow -- New York Magazine". NYMag.com. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  54. ↑ "Gone Baby Gone". rottentomatoes.com. October 19, 2007. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  55. ↑ "Entertainment - Movies, TV, Music & Celebrity News - Boston.com". Boston.com. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  56. ↑ "Rendition - Gone Baby Gone - Terror’s Advocate -- New York Magazine Movie Review". NYMag.com. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  57. ↑ Casey Affleck to Direct a Documentary on Joaquim Phoenix Yahoo News, January 17, 2009 Archived March 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  58. ↑ Untitled Joaquin Phoenix Documentary. joaqdoc.com
  59. ↑ Cieply, Michael (September 16, 2010). "Documentary? Better Call It Performance Art". nytimes.com. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  60. ↑ "BD Horror News – 'Killer Inside Me' Finds New Director and Cast". BloodyDisgusting. November 17, 2008. Retrieved November 28, 2008.
  61. ↑ "Sundance 2010: In defense of 'The Killer Inside Me'". latimes.com. January 29, 2010. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  62. ↑ H. Shaw-Williams. "Christopher Nolan’s ‘Interstellar’ Adds Casey Affleck to Cast". Screen Rant. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  63. ↑ "Ben Affleck, Matt Damon Bring in Jay Roach to Direct Wife Swap Movie 'The Trade' - TheWrap". TheWrap. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  64. ↑ Anne Thompson (June 6, 2014). "Casey Affleck and John Powers Middleton Launch TV/Film Pr - Thompson on Hollywood". Thompson on Hollywood. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  65. ↑ "Into the Fire with OUT OF THE FURNACE’s Casey Affleck « Nerdist". Nerdist. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  66. ↑ "CASEY AFFLECK AND JOHN POWERS MIDDLETON ANNOUNCE NEW JOINT VENTURE, NAME JOHN RIDLEY PRESIDENT OF PRODUCTION". The Movie Network. TheMovieNetwork.com. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  67. ↑ Mike Fleming Jr. "Jack Reynor To Play Slugger Josh Hamilton In Movie - Deadline". Deadline. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  68. ↑ Sneider, Jeff. "Casey Affleck, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Michael B. Jordan in Talks to Star in ‘Triple Nine’ (Exclusive)". The Wrap. TheWrap.com. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  69. ↑ Mike Fleming Jr. "Woody Harrelson Joins John Hillcoat’s ‘Triple Nine’ - Deadline". Deadline. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  70. ↑ Kevin Jagernauth (May 9, 2014). "Casey Affleck Heads To HBO For Miniseries 'Lewis And Clar - The Playlist". The Playlist. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  71. ↑ "Mark Romanek in Talks to Direct Casey Affleck's 'Boston Strangler' Movie - TheWrap". TheWrap. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  72. ↑ "Casey Affleck, Summer Phoenix Wed". People. June 5, 2006. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
  73. ↑ Atkinson, Kim (December 2004). "The Other Affleck". Boston Magazine. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
  74. 1 2 "Casey Affleck Welcomes a Second Child ]work=People". January 15, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
  75. ↑ "Baby Boom". People. December 27, 2004. Retrieved 2016=03-16. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  76. ↑ Garratt, Sheryl (May 30, 2008). "Casey Affleck's time to shine". London: The Telegraph. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
  77. ↑ Jones, Alison (June 5, 2008). "Affleck brothers strike gold on the silver screen". Birmingham Post. UK. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
  78. ↑ Agard, Chancellor (March 16, 2016). "Casey Affleck & Summer Phoenix Split: Inside Their 10-Year Marriage". People. Retrieved 2016-03-16.
  79. ↑ Alicia Silverstone naked PETA advert banned. My Park magazine. September 21, 2007.
  80. ↑ "PETA.org // Veggie Testimonials // Casey Affleck // Featured Veggie Testimonial". peta.org. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  81. ↑ "Casey Affleck sued by second woman on Joaquin Phoenix documentary staff". Daily News. August 1, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2010.
  82. ↑ "Casey Affleck settles sexual harassment cases". BBC News. September 15, 2010. Retrieved September 15, 2010.
  83. ↑ Dave McNary (April 22, 2015). "Documentary ‘Unity’ Set for Aug. 12 Release with 100 Star Narrators". Variety. Retrieved May 1, 2015.

External links

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