Chenghai District

This article is about 澄海区 (the district of Shantou, Guangdong province, southeast China). For 程海 (the lake in Yunnan province, southwest China), see Chenghai (lake).
Chenghai
澄海区
District

Former residence of Chen Cihong

Location of Chenghai in Shantou
Chenghai

Location in Guangdong

Coordinates: 23°28′0″N 116°46′0″E / 23.46667°N 116.76667°E / 23.46667; 116.76667Coordinates: 23°28′0″N 116°46′0″E / 23.46667°N 116.76667°E / 23.46667; 116.76667
Country People's Republic of China
Province Guangdong
Prefecture-level city Shantou
Time zone China Standard (UTC+8)

Chenghai (postal: Tenghai; Chinese: 澄海; Pinyin: Chénghǎi; Teochew: Thěng Hài) is a district of the city of Shantou, Guangdong Province, China.

Located in the southeast part of Guangdong Province, Chenghai spans from 116°41' to 116°54' E longitude and 23°23' to 23°38' N latitude. Chenghai is an important transportation hub of the area around east Guangdong, the southeast part of Fujian and south Jiangxi Province, which is known as the "Gateway of East Guangdong". The total area of this district is 345.23 square kilometres.[1]

History

Chenghai was founded as a county in 1563 AD, under Chao Prefecture (Teochew)'s jurisdiction, combining by the coastal lands separated from Haiyang County, Jieyang County and Raoping County. The name Chenghai, which means "clear (the Wokou of) the sea" (Chinese: 澄清海氛), was used as the county name due to the Jiajing wokou raids.[2] Chenghai was dissolved in 1666 when Kangxi Emperor banned on foreign trade but refounded sever years later. In 1860, Shantou, which lied in the southwest of Chenghai, was opened for foreigners and became a trading port according to Treaty of Tientsin. Shantou separated from Chenghai and became a city in 1921. Then Chenghai County was controlled by Shantou conversely. From 1994 onward, Chenghai was upgraded to a county-level city and was administrated by the Provincial Government directly (custody by Shantou). In 2003, Chenghai was absorbed as a district by Shantou.[3]

Climate

Chenghai has a sunny climate, with plenty of rainfall, belonging to south subtropical monsoon climate. Controlled by cold high atmospheric pressure from the polar, winters are dry. Summers are rainy with high temperatures. The annual average temperature ranges from 21.2 °C to 21.7℃. July is the hottest, the coldest in January[1]

Economy

Chenghai, with a　profound cultural tradition, is one of the most dynamic economic areas in East Guangdong. Its characteristic industries and local brands take the leading position in China and enjoy high reputation in the world market. Chenghai is successively titled as China Toys & Gifts City(in April, 2003[4]), China's Famous City of Woolen Sweaters（ in January, 2014[4]）, Model Base on Transformation and Upgrading of National Foreign Trade, National Advanced Culture Area, National Science Demonstration Area, State Torch Program Feature Industry Base, Guangdong Animation(Toys) Creative Industrial Cluster, China Export Base of Toys and Gifts and so on.[5]

Toy Industry

The crafts and toys industry in Shantou is one of the three major production bases of its kind in China. Chenghai District is the only "China Toys and Gifts City" awarded by China Light Industry Union, and has won the title of "Chenghai Industrial Base of Creative Design and Manufacture of Intelligent Toys in the National Torch Program" awarded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.[6] It now has more than 4,000 local toy, gift and anime manufacturers, franchisers and service providers. In 2013, the output value of Chenghai toys, gifts and animation was up 14% over the past year and reached more than 31 billion yuan, 70% of which were export earnings. It is worth noting that, in 2013, the output value of Chenghai's anime industry was 5.8 billion yuan, up 61% from a year ago. Now four listed companies have sprung up in this area. They are Guangdong Alpha Animation And Culture, Huawei Technology, Qunxing Toys, Rastar Group.[5] Chenghai now has formed a complete toy industrial chain, which includes toy design and development, mould making, producing and processing, printing and packaging, exhibition and trade promotion, logistics distribution and so forth.[5] Eight advantages of its toy manufacturing industry: industrial clusters, trade facilitation, vast diversity of types, attractive designs, quality assurance, constellation of brands, appropriate prices and high added value.[5]

Education

Known Senior High Schools

There are four key senior high schools in Chenghai, including Chenghai Middle School, Subei Middle School, Experimental Middle School and Overseas Chinese High School. Chenghai Middle School is the most famous one.

Located in No. 16 Cultural (Wenhua) Road, it is set up in September 1915, which is the first county middle school in east Guangdong. It was rated as the first class school of Guangdong Province in 1994. Outstanding alumnus of this school includes Qin Mu (a famous modern writer), Zheng Songhui (the deputy chief designer of Shenzhou V Spacecraft), etc.[8]

Tourist Attractions

Entrance of King Taksin's tomb

There are 25 attractions open to the public.[9]

Known as the best overseas Chinese residence in Lingnan and a key protected cultural relics in Guangdong Province, Chen Cihong's Former Residence was built by the famous Chen Hongli family in Qianmei Village, Longdu Town, Chenghai District. The construction of the residence started in 1910, lasted almost 30 years and was not finished until 1939. The 25,400-sqm residence consists of 506 rooms in 4 complex houses where the traditional Chaoshan architectural style of "4-horse-drawn chariot" goes well with western villas. The 4 complex houses are Langzhong Mansion, Shoukang Dwelling, Shanju Chamber and Sanlu Study, and strewed between them are pavilions, terraces, corridors and overpasses, forming a giant courtyard. The residence is basically built with brick and timber and decorated with Chaoshan wood carvings, stone carvings, plaster sculptures, porcelain and glass. Galleries for puppet shows, local operas, folk customs and handicrafts are opened here and local Shuangyao'e (geese fight) square dance and tea performance are staged in the residence. It is actually a museum for the overseas Chinese culture in Chaoshan area.[10]

It was located in Lianhua Town, Chenghai District. There are a series of attractions, including Xipu Village(patriotism education base and art sketch base), the Lotus Temple(a protected cultural relics in Chenghai District and a religious culture area), the Sheng'an ancient village with the style of Hakka circular house, Lotus Mountain Hot-Spring Holiday Resort, Nature Leisure Farm and Yuandong Chinese orchid co., LTD(place of planting orchids).[11]

First Museum of Cultural Revolution

Mountain Hexiang (河象山) situated in Chenghai District

As the writer Ba Jin dreamed of, this maybe the first non-official museum in China mainland dedicated to the Cultural revolution.[12]

Some of the funding came from the Hong Kong businessman Li Ka-shing, originally from Shantou, who also funded Shantou University. Located at Mountain Ta in Lianshang Town of Chenghai District, the Cultural Revolution Museum was finished building and open on January 1, 2005. It is the first non-official museum in China built for memorizing Cultural Revolution.[13] The museum is housed in a classical Pagoda-style building. In the museum, the hundreds of engravings come from a 1995 book called Cultural Revolution Museum, published by Yang Kelin in Hong Kong. There are shocking images of teachers and intellectuals in dunce hats being led out by farmers, of children and their dead parents and of zealots attaching revolutionary messages to large Buddha statues.[12]

Laiwu is the name of a town belonging to Chenghai District. Located in Laiwu Tourist Resort(one of AAA National Tourist Attractions) at east Chenghai, facing Nao'ao Island across the sea, Laiwu Island has an area of 6 square kilometers, which is known for its charming natural scenery, the historical sites and the legend of goddess Laiwu.[14] Seaweed is the famous products in Laiwu.

Notable individuals

The ancestors of the following people were born in the Chenghai District:

References

  1. 1 2 "自然地理" Website of Chenghai Government. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  2. ↑ 广东省澄海方言同音字汇 Retrieved March 14, 2016.
  3. ↑ "澄海区" Baidu Baike. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  4. 1 2 "特色产业" Website of Chenghai Government. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "CHINA TOYS & GIFTS CITY— CHENGHAI" China Chenghai International Toys & Gifts Fair(CCITF). Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  6. ↑ "Industry Overview" Website of shantou government. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  7. ↑ "China Chenghai International Toys & Gifts Fair2015" China Chenghai International Toys & Gifts Fair(CCITF). Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  8. ↑ "澄海中学" Wikipedia. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  9. ↑ "资源物产" Website of Chenghai Government. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  10. ↑ "Chen Cihong's Residence(Nice Breeze in Cihong's Residence, one of Shantou's Eight Sights)" Website of Shantou Government. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  11. ↑ "莲华4A景区" Website of Chenghai Government. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  12. 1 2 "China's first Cultural Revolution museum exposes Mao's war on 'bourgeois culture'" Slashnews.co.uk. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  13. ↑ "Cultural Revolution Museum" Baidu Baike. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  14. ↑ "莱芜美景" Website of Chenghai Government. Retrieved January 7, 2015.

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